数字口译课件

Unit5:CulturalExchanges5-1InterpretingNumbersUnit5:CulturalExchangesInterpreting

NumbersInterpreting

NumbersI.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基数词)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions（分数和小数）IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers（序数词）V.Interpretingindefinitenumbers（不确定数目）VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:I.IntroductionProcedures:I.Introduction该城市是一个国际大都市，人口约有1200万，面积达2000多平方公里。本公司是一家年销售额为120亿美元，业务遍及120多个国家和地区，拥有5万多名员工的跨国公司。Numbers：1.Cardinalnumbers2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions3.Ordinalnumbers4.Indefinitenumbers5.multiplesI.Introduction该城市是一个国际大都市，人口约Examples1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆两千三百四十五亿六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字12亿9988万；542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000Examples1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：Oa. SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpreters Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater. Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:ABriefIntroductiona. SomePracticalDifficultieInChinese,onetendstosay“万”

and“亿”

ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一万”

mustberenderedinto“10千”

(tenthousand);“三万”

into“30千”

(thirtythousand);“二十万”

into“200千”

(twohundredthousand),etc..And“一亿”mustberenderedinto“100百万”

(onehundredmillion);“一亿三十万”

into“100百万零300千”

(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);InChinese,onetendstosay““十亿”

into“1,000百万”

(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百亿”,“10千百万”

(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish),etc.. Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.“十亿”into“1,000百万”(onethous2) QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinese——suchasli

(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.——usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.2) Quiteafewunitsofmeasur 3)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywhenthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved,e.g. (1)ThoughinChinesewesay“倍”whenwetalkabout“学校为……的三倍”

indescribingtheincreaseinthenumberofschools,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forinstance,“Therearethreetimesasmanymiddleschoolsnowinourprovinceastherewereintheearlypost-liberationdays.” 3)Thewayscomparisonisexpr

(2)ThoughinChineseweusethesameword“倍”

whenwetalkabout“粮食产量”,inEnglishweshallhavetosay, forexample,“Ourprovinceproducestwiceasmuchgrainasitdidontheeveofliberationin1949.” (2)ThoughinChineseweuseToSumupDifferencesinthewayofexpressingFiguresinChineseandEnglish:Digit,TimeandUnitToSumupDifferencesinthewa1)Twosignificantpoints:

i.asindicatedearlier,itisriskytryingtodoalongseriesoffigureininterpretingwithoutjottingthemdowninafeasibleway.Toensureaccuracyitisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheyarebeinguttered(orread)bytheoriginalspeakers.bSomePracticalHintstoRemember1)Twosignificantpoints:i. InthecaseofC-EandE-Cinterpretation,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.

Byfigureswemean,inalargersense,notonlyalongseriesoffigurescombinedwithvariousunitsofmeasurementsbutalsoalongstringofdocumentsymbolsandlongseriesofpropernames(ofpersons/places). InthecaseofC-EandE-Cin ii.Tolayemphasisonthespeedyandaccuraterenderingoffiguresinvolving“万”and“亿”asafirststep. Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersand,then,10-digitnumbers,etc.inbothChineseandEnglish,andthencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved. ii.Tolayemphasisonthesp2) Somepossiblesignsused:

(1)Usingcomma(,)eachrepresentingonegroupof3naught,e.g.

“fortythousand”,representedby“40,”means“四万”;

“sixhundredthousand”,representedby“600,”means“六十万”

“sevenmillion”,representedby“7,,”means“七百万”

“thirtymillion”,representedby“30,,”means“三千万”2) Somepossiblesignsused: (

(2).Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.数字口译课件

(3).Ifanumberisbiggerthanamillion,the easiestwayistouseapointafter thenumberofmillion. Forinstance,396万,canbeputin thisway,3.96million.Applythesame waytothefollowingnumbers:

3,956万→39.56million

3亿9,650万→396.5million;

Ifthenumberisbiggerthanabillion, adoptthesamewaytodoit.

e.g.129亿→12.9billion (3).Ifanumberisbiggert

(4).Notethefollowingwaysofuncertainnumbers

几个

some;afew;several

十几个

morethan/overadozen; less/nomorethantwenty

几十个

dozensof

几十年

Decades

七十好几了

welloverseventy

二十刚出头

inher/hisearlytwenties

三十大几了（快四十了）

inher/hislatethirties

千千万万

thousandsandthousandsof

好几百个

hundredsof

成千上万

thousandsuponthousandsof

几十万

hundredsofthousandsof

数以百万计的

millionsof

亿万(人) hundredsofmillionsof

十年

adecade

二十年

ascore/fourscoreandsevenyearsago

三十年(25-30) ageneration

五十年

halfacentury

一百年的

centennial

一百年/世纪

Century (4).Notethefollowingways数字口译补充材料

数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关，即使是老翻译，当遇到数字时，尤其是遇到五位数以上的数字时，也不敢有半点松懈。这不仅仅是因为数字难译，更重要的是在商贸谈判或外交活动中，数字误译所造成的后果是不堪设想的。数字口译之所以难，其中一个主要原因在于英汉对于四位数以上的数字的表达有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字的表达以每三位数为一段位，而汉语以每四位数为一段位。关于数字翻译，调查显示：英译汉时难点在记忆，汉译英时，难点在于快速表达。数字口译补充材料

数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关，即使是老翻译Itcoversatotaloffivehundredforty-ninemillionninehundredforty-sixthousandsevenhundredandsixty-eightsquaremeters.占地549,946,768平方米。Unemploymenthasrisentooverthreemillionforthefirsttimeinsixyearsandanalystsexpectthejoblesstotaltorisebyafurther40,000thismonth.Manufacturingoutputhasmeanwhilesteadied,afteranaughtpointfivepercentdecreaselastmonth.失业人数六年来首次突破3百万。专家预测本月失业人数约新增4万，而制造业产量继上个月下跌百分之零点五之后已趋稳定。Practice:：interpretthefollowingnumbersItcoversatotaloffivehundPairwork:Onestudentreadsthefollowingfiguresaloudinthelanguagegiven,theothertakesnotesandtheninterpretsthemintothetargetlanguage.Taketurnstopractice.

四千三百八十六

五万五千九百三十二

八千八百五十九万七千三百二十

二亿三千七百一十五万零二百三十六

十六亿八千九百九十万三千七百五十四

七百零四亿九千三百五十七万九千零四十八

Pairwork:Onestudentreadst

Sixthousandfourhundredandthirty-one

Fourmillioneighthundredandthreethousandsevenhundredandtwelve

Ninety-fourmilliontwohundredandseventeenthousandeighthundredandtwenty-six

Fivehundredandthirtymilliononehundredandthirty-ninethousandsevenhundredandforty-seven

Thirty-sevenbillionninehundredandtwenty-fivemillionfourhundredandforty-onethousandthirty-eight

SixthousandfourhundredaaTheMetricSystem&ChineseEquivalent

Length

长度

meter/m

米=3市尺

kilometer/km公里=2市里Area

面积

sq.m平方米=9平方市尺

hectare/ha

公顷=15市亩(1亩 =0.0667ha)

sq.km平方公里=4平方市里 (km2)Weight

重量与质量

kg

公斤=2市斤

MT

公吨=2000市斤aTheMetricSystem&ChinesebTheBritish&USSystem

Length

长度

mile/mi哩=1.609km

fathom/fm寻=1,829m

yard/yd码=0.914m

foot/ft英尺=30.48cm

inch/in英寸=2.54cmWeight

重量

pound/lb.磅=0.454kg

ounce/oz.盎司=28.35gTemperature

温度

Cº(Centigrade)摄氏=(Fº-32)×5/9

Fº(Fahrenheit)华氏=Cº×9/5+32bTheBritish&USSystem

LenIII.PronouncingVulgarFractionsandDecimalFractionsPronouncingVulgarFractions分子为1五分之一：one-fifth,b.九分之一：one-ninthSpecialexpressionsforthefollowingvulgarfractions:二分之一a/onehalf,b.四分之一a/onequarterc.四分之三threequarters分子不为一（分母为复数）五分之三three-fifthsb.十分之九nine-tenthsIII.PronouncingVulgarFracti(3)大分子，大分母（加“over”）a.五十三分之七十八seventy-eightoverfifty-threeb.九十五分之二十六twenty-sixoverninety-five(4)带分数（BothFullandFractionalNumbers）a.五又三分之二：fiveandtwo-thirdsb.六又二分之一：sixandahalfc.九又四分之一：nineandaquarter2.PronouncingDecimalFractions(1)PronouncingDecimalFractionssmallerthan“1”(3)大分子，大分母（加“over”）a)0.8:pointeight,zero/naughtpointeightb)0.323:pointthreetwothree,zero/naughtpointthreetwothreec)0.0009%:zero/naughtpointoooninepercent(2)Pronouncingfigureswithbothfullnumbersanddecimalfractionsa)9.007:ninepointooseven;ninepointzerozero(ornaughtnaught)sevenb)98.53%:ninety-eightpointfivethreepercenta)0.8:pointeight,zero/nau(3)Pronouncingfigureswithfullnumbersanddecimalfractionslargerthantenthousandoronehundredmilliona)

零点七万（0.7万）：seventhousandb)零点九亿（0.9亿）:ninetymillionc)八点四亿（8.4亿）:eighthundredfortymillion(Am.E),eighthundredandfortymillion(Br.E)

d)二十二点二亿（22.2亿）twopointdoubletwobillion;twobilliontwohundred(and)twentymillion(3)PronouncingfigureswithfIV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers1.您这是第几次来中国访问了？HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoChina?

HowmanytimeshaveyouvisitedChina?Thisisn’tyourfirstvisittoChina,isit?

IsthisyourfirstvisittoChina?IV.Interpretingquestionsinv2.你们队得了第几名？Howdidyourteamcomeout(inthematch)?Didyourteamwinthematch(orchampionship)?Didyourteamwin(orget)thefirstplaceinthecompetition?3.这是你第几个孩子？/这孩子是老几啊？Isthisyoureldest/youngestchild?2.你们队得了第几名？V.InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers1.Interpretingapproximatenumbers(大约)Chinese:置前：约、大约、大概置后：来、左右、上下English:置前：about,around,roughly,approximately,some,moreorless,intheneighbourhoodof置后：orso,orthereabout,intherough(1)大约二百美元/二百美元左右about/around/some/approximately/roughly/moreorless/intheneighbourhoodoftwohundreddollars;twohundreddollarsorso/orthereabout/intherough(2)大约五十岁/五十来岁：about/aroundfiftyyearsoldV.InterpretingIndefiniteNum2.InterpretingNumbersSmallerthanParticularNumbers:（少于）

Chinese:置前：少于，小于，低于，不到，不足，不及置后：以下，以内，以里English:置前：fewerthan,lessthan,under,below,within少于/不到一千美元，一千美元以下：fewerthan/lessthan/under/below/within

onethousanddollars(2)摄氏零度以下belowzerodegreeCentigrade/Celsius2.InterpretingNumbersSmalle3.Interpretingnumberswiththemeaningof“nearly”(将近)Chinese:

近，快，将近，接近，几乎，差不多，差一点English:nearly,almost,toward,closeon接近/快八点：nearly/almosteighto’clock将近五十岁/差一点五十岁：nearly/almost/towardfiftyyearsold4.Interpretingindefinitenumberswhichmean“Morethan”（多于）Chinese:

置前：多于，大于，高于，超过置后：多，几，以上English:

置前：morethan,over,above,upwardsof置后：andmore,odd,andoddHerIrishaccent,afterthirty-oddyearsinLondon,isundiluted.她在伦敦呆了30多年，爱尔兰口音仍很浓重。3.Interpretingnumberswithth(1)十几天：morethan/over/abovetendays;tendaysandmore(2)

三百多美元：morethan/over/above/upwardsofthreehundreddollars;threehundreddollarsandmore/odd/andodd(3)摄氏40度以上：abovefortydegreesCentigrade5.InterpretingNumbersWhichareBetweenParticularNumbers(介于)Chinese:

到，至，介于…之间English:from…to…,between…and….(1)三到四天：fromthreetofourdays;betweenthreeandfourdays.(2)介于四千到五千公里之间：fromfourthousandtofivethousandkilometres;betweenfourthousandandfivethousandkilometres(1)十几天：morethan/over/abovet6.Interpretingindefinitenumberswhichareadjacent(相邻数目)（1）两三个：twoorthree(2)三四十：thirtyorforty(3)四五千：fourorfivethousand(4)两个或两个以上：twoormore7.Interpretingindefinitenumberslike“数十”，“数百”，etc.(1)数十/几十/好几十：tensof(20-99);dozensof(24-99);scoresof(40-99);decadesof(20-99)6.Interpretingindefinitenum(2)数百/数以百记/几百/好几百/成百hundredsof;severalhundred;bythehundred(3)数千/数以千记/几千/好几千/成千thousandsof;severalthousand;bythethousand(4)数万/数以万记/几万/好几万tensofthousandsof(5)数十万/几十万/好几十万hundredsofthousandsof(2)数百/数以百记/几百/好几百/成百hundreds

(6)数百万/几百万/好几百万millionsof(7)数千万/几千万/好几千万tensofmillionsof(8)数亿/几亿/好几亿hundredsofmillionsof(9)数十亿/几十亿/好几十亿billionsof

(6)数百万/几百万/好几百万VI.Suggestedmethodsfortakingfigures:1.Writedown,inadvance,thevariousEnglishandChinesenumericalwordsinthewayshownbelow.b.m.th.十千百十亿，亿/万万，万万/千，百十个

2，8/63，58/9，VI.Suggestedmethodsfortaki2.点线法

中译英时，应在听到“亿”时即斜向划一长线/，听到“万”时再划同样的斜长线/，剩下的数字则仍用“符号结合阿拉伯数字”的通用方式完成，即三个零为—，两个零为～，或者一律记阿拉伯数字，但不一定立即译成相应的译语数字。（记住是四位一段）

例1：一亿三千零二万零八百五十八 →1/3002/0858

例2：一百零一亿七千四百八十九万零五百四十→101/7489/05402.点线法

中译英时，应在听到“亿”时即斜向划一长线/，汉语数字分段法：

第一段位个十百千

第二段位万十万百万千万

第三段位亿十亿百亿千亿

第四段位兆（万亿）

英语数字分段法：

第一段位OneTenHundred

第二段位Thousand,Tenthousand,Hundredthousand

第三段位Million,Tenmillion,Hundredmillion

第四段位Billion,Tenbillion,Hundredbillion

第五段位Trillion

汉语数字分段法：

第一段位个十百千

第二段位万十

口译时，从右向左，逆着原记录顺序每三位打一个逗号（分节号），便可将这些数字切分成印欧语系诸语言的进位单位了。用此方法，需要牢记分节号左位数的单位。从右向左：第一个分节号左位是“千”位，第二个分节号左位是“百万”位，第三个分节号左位是“十亿”位。

例1：1/30,02/0,858→130M20Th8Hu&58

例2：10,1/74,89/0,540→10B174M890Th5Hu&40 口译时，从右向左，逆着原记录顺序每三位打一个逗号（分节号

此形式译成外语很方便，“回译”成汉语也没太大困难。 外译汉（如英文）时，译员应在听到billion、million、thousand等位时，便立即打上一处逗号。 例：thirtytwobillionfourhundredfiftysevenmillioneighthundredtwentysixthousandninehundredandthirty-seven→32,457,826,937

在预备译出时依然从右到左，按汉语数字进位规律每四位数打上斜线：32,4/57,82/6,937，译员只需照着斜线所提示的汉语数字表达习惯读出即可。 此形式译成外语很方便，“回译”成汉语也没太大困难。汉语分段应记住在万，亿处作标记英语分段应记住在thousand，million，billion,trillion处作标记

Attention!

汉语分段应记住在万，亿处作标记

Attention!

转换

同学非常熟悉中文里面的“个、百、千、万、十万、百万、千万、亿、十亿、百亿….”。每一级的单位都有，非常齐全。而在英语中同学掰指数来：hundred,thousand,million,billion,trillion。总觉得和中文配不起来，因此同学碰到“万、十万、千万、亿”要特别注意，要反复操练这几个数字，这几个数字在中译英时尤为重要。

1万=tenthousand

10万=onehundredthousand

1000万=tenmillion

1亿=onehundredmillion

转换

同学非常熟悉中文里面的“个、百、千、万、十万、百 3.Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.数字口译课件4.JotdownthefiguresinArabicnumeralsandmarkthemoffwithacommaforeverythreedigits(countingfromtheend).Eachcommarepresentsagroupofthree“0”,e.g.

fiftythousand:50,(五万)

fourhundredthousand:400,(四十万)

threemillion:3,,(三百万)

fortymillion:40,,(四千万)

5.Takethefirstoneorfewlettersofthenumericalwords,with“t”fortrillion,“b”forbillion,“m”formillion,and“th”forthousand,e.g.

(1)三千六百万：36m(2)八十三亿8.3b

4.JotdownthefiguresinAraVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表示法)倍数翻译最根本的问题是搞清楚是否包括基数。汉语有一些句式包括基数，也有一些句式不包括基数。VII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表汉语表倍数的基本句式或表达法有以下5种:（句中“n”为倍数）1.甲的大小是乙的n倍。(包括基数)2.甲已增加到乙的n倍。(包括基数)3.甲比乙+adj.n倍。3.甲比乙增加了n倍。(不包括基数)4.甲比乙翻了n番。(不包括基数)汉语表倍数的基本句式或表达法有以下5种:（句中“n”为倍英语表倍数的基本句式或表达法有以下5种:n+times+as+形或副词+asn+times+形、副的比较级+thann+times+the(或its,thatof等)+名词动词（increase/grow/multiply等）+(by)+n+times动词（double/triple/quadruple等）+the+名词数字口译课件无论汉、英，同一倍数都有不同的表达法：1.表示“甲是乙的两倍”英语中用twiceas…as,twicethenumber/size/lengthof,as…againas,toincreaseby100%,以及double

来表示。Ex.（1）他们今年的产量是去年的两倍。/他们今年的产量比去年增加了一倍。/他们今年的产量比去年翻了一番。数字口译课件例：Theiroutputthisyearistwiceasmuchaswhatitwaslastyear.Theiroutputthisyearisasmuchagainaswhatitwaslastyear.Theiroutputthisyearisdoublewhatitwaslastyear.d)Theiroutputthisyearhasdoubled,comparedwithwhatitwaslastyear.e)Theiroutputthisyearhasincreasedby100%overlastyear.例：(2)这辆车是那辆车的两倍价钱。a)Thiscaristwicethecostofthatone.b)Thiscaristwiceascostlyasthatone.c)Thiscarisascostlyagainasthatone.2.表示“甲是乙的三倍”英语中用threetimesas…as,threetimesthenumberof,toincreaseby200%,以及triple/treble表示。（1）我国今年的出口额是去年的三倍。/我国今年的出口额比去年增加了两倍。/我国今年的出口额比去年增加了百分之二百。(2)这辆车是那辆车的两倍价钱。a)Ourexportthisyearisthreetimesasmuchaswhatitwaslastyear.

b)Ourexportthisyearhastripled/trebled,comparedwithwhatitwaslastyear.c)Ourexportthisyearhasincreasedby200%overlastyear.

(2)这条公路是那条公路的三倍长。a)Thishighwayisthreetimesaslongas

thatone.b)Thehighwayisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.

a)Ourexportthisyearisthr3.表示“甲是乙的四倍”或以上。英语中可以用fourtimes/fourfold,以及quadruple和toincreaseby300%,表示四倍以上，依次类推。例：（1）到2020年，我国的国民生产总值将是2000年的四倍。到2020年，我国的国民生产总值将在2000年的基础上达到翻两番。到2020年，我国的国民生产总值将比2000年增加三倍。a)By2020,ourGNPwillhavebeenfourtimes/fourfoldasmuchasitwasin2000.b)By2020,ourGNPin2000willhavebeenquadrupled.c)By2020,ourGNPwillhaveincreasedby300%over2000.3.表示“甲是乙的四倍”或以上。英语中可以用fourti(2)我们现在的工资是10年前的5倍。a)Oursalariesarenowfivetimes/fivefoldaswhattheyweretenyearsago.b)Oursalarieshaveincreasedby400%overtenyearsago.(3)我国要养活的人口是那个国家的7.5倍。Wehavetofeed7.5-foldthenumberofpeopleinthatcountry.

(2)我们现在的工资是10年前的5倍。a)Oursa英文里有一个很管用的后缀。当你想不起来倍数的表达的时候，不妨在数字后面加上它，准没错！它就是--fold。当然这个后缀是表示数量的增加。请大家用这些特殊数字表达法来翻译下列句子：

例:过去五年中，我公司的销售额已增长至四倍。

译文：Salesinourcompanyhaveincreaseduptofour-foldinthelastfiveyears.

例:我买进这些邮票后他们的价格已经提高了三倍。

译文：Thevalueofthesestampshasincreasedbythree-foldafterIboughtthem.英文里有一个很管用的后缀。当你想不起来倍数的表达的时候，不妨倍数减少的译法

英语中还可以用具有减少意义的词加倍数来表示减少的数量。句中的倍数是指原量为现量的倍数。由于汉语不能说“减少多少倍”，所以汉译时需要将原文倍数化为分数，译成“减少了”（指减去部分），或译成“减少到“（指剩下部分）。

Byusingthisnewprocessthelossofmetalwasreducedfourtimes.

采用这种新工艺使金属损耗减少了四分之三。（或译为……降到了四分之一）

Theprincipaladvantageisafive-foldreductioninvolume.

主要优点是体积缩小了五分之四。注： 如果减少的倍数中有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数。比如reduce4.5times，应换算成整数（）后，译成“减少到九分之二”，或“减少了九分之七”。倍数减少的译法

英语中还可以用具有减少意义的词加倍数来表Pairwork:Onestudentreadsthefollowingsentencesaloudinthelanguagegiven,theothertakesnotesandtheninterpretsthemintothetargetlanguage.Taketurnstopractice.例1这种商品的价格是前一种商品的两倍。

例2小轿车车速比大货车快一倍。

例3这只桶能装那只桶三倍的水。例4这家医院的缴费是一般医院的三至五倍。

例5去年该工厂的产量下降到2003年的65％。Pairwork:Onestudentreadst

例1这种商店的价格是前一种商品的两倍。1.Thepriceofthisproductistwiceasmuchasthatofthepreviousone.

例2小轿车车速比大货车快一倍。

2.Thecarrunsasfastagainasthetruck.

例3这只桶能装那只桶三倍的水。3.Thisbarrelcanholdthreetimesasmuchwaterasthatone.

例1这种商店的价格是前一种商品的两倍。例4这家医院的缴费是一般医院的三至五倍。4.Thishospitalchargesthreetofivetimesthatofordinaryones.

例5去年该工厂的产量下降到2003年的65％。

5.Theoutputofthatfactorylastyearfellto65％oftheoutputin2003.例4这家医院的缴费是一般医院的三至五倍。比例的表达法

比例的表达方式分两种，表示成正比常用词组：varywith,beproportionalto,themore…themore…。表示成反比常用词组：varyinverselywith,themore…theless…。例如：商品的价格与质量成正比。

Thepricesofcommoditiesvarywiththequality.如果电压不变，电阻和电流成反比。

Ifthevoltageremainsconstant,themoretheresistancethelessthecurrent.

比例的表达法

比例的表达方式分两种，表示成正比常用词组：v趋势语的表达法

英语中有丰富的描述数字上升、下降或稳定的词汇，即趋势语（trendlanguage）。如下列句子中划线的词汇：Theareaofcultivatedlanddecreasedby7.6millionhectares,buttheyieldperhectarerosebyanaverageof180kg.Averageannualgrainsupplyperpersongrowfrom200to400kg,andmeatfrom9to15kg.趋势语的表达法

英语中有丰富的描述数字上升、下降或稳定的下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：

表示上升趋势：anincrease增加,arise提高,aclimb爬升,ajump上升,agrowth增长;toincrease增加,torise提高,toclimb爬升,tojump上升,togrow增长,toreach升至,togoup上升。表示下降趋势：afall下降,adrop跌落,adecline下跌,adecrease减少;tofall下降,todrop跌落,todecline下跌,todecrease减少,togodown下降,tobottomout降至最低点,toslowdown减速,todecelerate减速。表示稳定：toremain(stable)保持，不变，稳定，维持;tostandat不变，稳定，维持;tolevelout(off)平衡，稳定。下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：

表示上升趋势：anPractice到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到40,000亿美元左右。

By2020,China'sGDPwillquadruplethatof2000toapproximatelyUSD4trillion.·一成即10%，60%即六成。“2成3”表达的意思是“23%”，例如：今年的粮食产量比去年增长2成3。

Theoutputofgrainthisyearhasincreasedby23%overlastyear.Practice到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两Additionalexercises:1.Themoonislocatedanaverageof239,000milesfromtheearth.Ithasadiameterof2,136miles,anditsgravityisone-sixththatofearth’s.2.ExceptXinjiang,outputvalueofthesecondaryindustryofotherChineseprovincesoccupiesmorethan40%ofitsGDP,whileoutputvalueofthetertiaryindustryoccupiesmorethan30%inmostoftheprovinces.Additionalexercises:3.Steelproductionthisweektotalled327289metrictonnes,down1.4%from332103tonnesaweekearlierbutup9.8%from298100tonnesinthesameweekof2003.4.Theamountofsavingsofurbanandruralresidentshaveincreasedover71.4percentperyearfrom21.06billionyuanin1978to1,520.35billionyuanin1993.5.Ascomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear,thepriceofrice,wheat,maizeandsoybeanroseby16.2%,18.1%,22.8%and29.5%respectively.3.Steelproductionthisweekt1.Themoonislocatedanaverageof239,000milesfromtheearth.Ithasadiameterof2,136miles,anditsgravityisone-sixththatofearth’s.1.月亮离地球约有239，000英里远，其直径为2136英里，重力为地球的1/6。2.ExceptXinjiang,outputvalueofthesecondaryindustryofotherChineseprovincesoccupiesmorethan40%ofitsGDP,whileoutputvalueofthetertiaryindustryoccupiesmorethan30%inmostoftheprovinces.2.除新疆以外，中国其他省份的第二产业的产值占GDP的百分之四十几，而第三产业的产值在大部分省份中占有的比值均超过30%。1.Themoonislocatedanavera3.Steelproductionthisweektotaled327,289metrictonnes,down1.4%from332,103tonnesaweekearlierbutup9.8%from298,100tonnesinthesameweekof2003.3.本周钢产量总数为327，289公吨，比上一周的332，103公吨下降1.4%，而与2003年同一周的数据298,100公吨比较增加了9.8%。4.Theamountofsavingsofurbanandruralresidentshaveincreasedover71.4percentperyearfrom21.06billionyuanin1978to1,520.35billionyuanin1993.4.城乡居民的储蓄从1978年的210亿6千万元增加到1993年的1万5千2百零3亿5千万元，每年上升71.4个百分点。3.Steelproductionthisweekt5.Ascomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear,thepriceofrice,wheat,maizeandsoybeanroseby16.2%,18.1%,22.8%and29.5%respectively.5.与去年同期相比，米，麦，玉米，大豆的价格分别提升了16.2%，18.1%，22.8%和29.5%。5.Ascomparedwiththesamep6.China‘sGDPin1997amountstoUS$902billion.ThisfigureranksNo.7behindUSA(US$7819.3billion),Japan(US$4223.4billion),German(US$2115.4billion),France(US$1393.8billion),Britain(US$1278.4billion)andItaly(US$1146.2billion).From1979to1997,China’saverageannualgrowthrateis9.8percent,6.5percentagepointshigherthanthatoftheworld.数字口译课件Unit5:CulturalExchanges5-1InterpretingNumbersUnit5:CulturalExchangesInterpreting

NumbersInterpreting

NumbersI.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基数词)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions（分数和小数）IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers（序数词）V.Interpretingindefinitenumbers（不确定数目）VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:I.IntroductionProcedures:I.Introduction该城市是一个国际大都市，人口约有1200万，面积达2000多平方公里。本公司是一家年销售额为120亿美元，业务遍及120多个国家和地区，拥有5万多名员工的跨国公司。Numbers：1.Cardinalnumbers2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions3.Ordinalnumbers4.Indefinitenumbers5.multiplesI.Introduction该城市是一个国际大都市，人口约Examples1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆两千三百四十五亿六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字12亿9988万；542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000Examples1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：Oa. SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpreters Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater. Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:ABriefIntroductiona. SomePracticalDifficultieInChinese,onetendstosay“万”

and“亿”

ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一万”

mustberenderedinto“10千”

(tenthousand);“三万”

into“30千”

(thirtythousand);“二十万”

into“200千”

(twohundredthousand),etc..And“一亿”mustberenderedinto“100百万”

(onehundredmillion);“一亿三十万”

into“100百万零300千”

(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);InChinese,onetendstosay““十亿”

into“1,000百万”

(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百亿”,“10千百万”

(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish),etc.. Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.“十亿”into“1,000百万”(onethous2) QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinese——suchasli

(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.——usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.2) Quiteafewunitsofmeasur 3)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthosei