2012聚焦新中考英语大一轮复习讲义课件练习-第15课八年级下册units

重点词汇与短语1.open◎观察思考The

door

is

open.门是开着的。Open

the

window

please.请开一下窗户。...but

I

canopen

up

mystudents’

eyes

to

the

outside

world.但是我能打开学生通往外面世界的视野。He

decided

to

open

up

a

business

in

the

city.他决定在城里开一家商店。◎归纳拓展open

形容词，意为“开着的”，反义词为closed。in

the

open

air

在野外。open及物动词，意为“打开”，表示打开某个具体的物品。反义词为close。open不及物动词，与up连用意为“打开、开办和开设”。open

up

one’s

eyes

打开 的视野。◎即学即用1：用方框内短语或词汇的正确形式填空。be

open open

up

openThe

shop

isopen from

7∶00

am

to

10∶00

pmevery

day.The

center

mall

opens

at

8∶30

am

every

day.I

want

totravel

aroundthe

world

to

open

up

my

mind.2.silence◎观察思考Robert

and

his

friends

walked

home

together

in

silence.和他的朋友一起步行回家，一

沉默着。◎归纳拓展silence名词，意为“沉默”。其形容词形式为silent。in

silence

副词性短语，意为“沉默地，静静地”。

be

in

silence＝keep/stay

silent词汇联想：in

surprise

惊讶地。◎即学即用2：She

received

the

bad

news

in

silence

.她默默地承受了这个坏消息。3.own◎观察思考You

may

wear

your

own

clothes.你可以穿上你自己的衣服。I

have

a

room

of

my

own.

我有一个属于 的房间。I

own

a

computer.

我有一台电脑。◎归纳拓展own

形容词，意为“自己的”；动词，意为“拥有”，相当于have。of

one’sown

属于

自己的。on

one’s

own

独自，独立地，与by

oneself或alone意思相近。A.

myselfC.

myownB.

selfD.

own◎即学即用3：(

C

)(1)I’llbring

dictionary

with

me.(2)很多年轻人喜欢独处居住。Many

young

people

like

living

ontheir

own

.4.care◎观察思考“I

know

my

parents

care

about

me，”

He

says.“我知道 父母关心我，”

他说。Care

for

“Mother

Earth”．关爱地球母亲。She

doesn’t

seem

to

care

for

him.她好像不喜欢他。；◎归纳拓展care

动词，意为“关心；照顾；喜爱；在乎，在意”。常用短语care

for喜欢；关心；照顾careabout关心；担心；在乎。名词，意为“当心；注意；照料”。常用短语：take

care当心；注意take

careof照顾。◎即学即用4：用方框内词汇或短语的正确形式填空。take

care care

for care

about

careLily

spent

years

caring

for

her

sick

uncle.Coffe

or

tea,

either

is

OK.

I

don’t

care

.

Takecare

,

acar

may

hit

you.Don’t

care

about

what

other

people

think

of

you,

dowhatyoulike.5.

be

mad

at◎观察思考She

got

really

mad

at

me

andshe

didn’t

want

to

bemyfriendanymore.她真的对我很生气，并且不再想做

朋友了。◎归纳拓展get/be

mad

at

sb..＝get/be

angry

with

sb.对恼火。A

.atC.

aboutB.

inD.

on◎即学即用5：(

A

)Mrs.Smithwas

reallymad

Dave,

because

hearrived

lateagain.重点句型1.

What

were

you◎典例体验ng

when

the

UFO

arrived?When

the

teacher

came

in,

we

were

talking.当老师进来的时候，我正在

。While

we

were

talking,

the

teacher

came

in.当

正在

的时候，老师进来了。My

mother

was

cooking

while

my

father

was

washing

the

car.当

在洗车子时，

正在做饭。Could

you

please

look

after

my

flowers

while

I

am

out？当我出去时，你能照顾一下 花吗？◎归纳拓展was/were

＋现在分词为过去进行时态的结构。表示过去某一时间里正在发生的动作或存在的状态。when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。但区别为：when既指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可

以是先后发生。while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when和while

还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。◎即学即用6：Wewerehavingdinner

when

hecalledme.Theywere

havingafootball

match

while

we

were

havinga

meeting.I’ll l

my

mother

the

news

when

she

comes

(come)back.2.Ben

told

Lana

that

Marcia

was

going

to

have

asurpriseparty

for

her.◎典例体验She

said

that

she

had

a

boring

weekend.她说她过了一个无聊的周末。He

wanted

to

knowwhy

he

was

crying

in

thecorner.他想知道

在角落哭。He

wondered

what

themanager

had

said

at

the

meeting.他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

round

the

sun.老师说地球绕着 转。◎归纳拓展学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。连接词：①从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。②从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在

whether...or

not

结构中不能用if

替换。③从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑问代词、副词作连接词。语序：陈述句语序。但注意，当who/what为主语时，句式为who/what

＋谓语＋其他。时态：①主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。②主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应的过去时态。注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。宾语从句中that与what的区别：引导宾语从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词，常可省略。what为连接代词，在从句中充当具体成分，且不能省略。◎即学即用7：(

A

)(1)Canyousee

？A

.

what

he’sreadingC.

what

does

hereadB.

what

is

he

readingD.

he

reads

whatA.who

were

theyC.

who

was

itB.

who

they

wereD.

who

it

was(

D

)(2)Somebody

called

youjust

now,

butIdidn’tknow

.A.

wasC.

areB.

isD.

be(

B

)(3)HetoldmethatJapan

an

island

country.A.

thatC

.ifB.

whatD.

how(

A

)(4)Ithink

you

will

like

the

stamps.A.

thatC.

ifB.

whatD.

how(

B

)(5)Heaskedus

we

need.3.

“Make

sure

thedoor

is

shut，”

she

said

to

her

little

son.—She

told

her

little

son

to

make

sure

the

door

was

shut.◎典例体验She

said

tome:

“Turnoff

the

lights,

please.”她对我说：“请把灯关了。”—She

told/asked

me

to

turn

off

the

lights.她叫我把灯关了。“Don’t

smoke

in

the

room，”

he

said

to

me.他对我说：“不要在房间里吸烟。”—He

told/asked

me

not

tosmoke

inthe

room.他告诉我不要在房间里吸烟。◎归纳拓展转述祈使句时，可将祈使句的动词

变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意加上

l，ask，order等动词，其句型是：l/ask/order

sb.(not)to

do

sth.。◎即学即用8：The

teacher

said：“Don’t

draw

on

the

blackboard.”(同义转换)The

teacher

told/asked

us

not

to

draw

on

the

blackboard..4.

She

asked

me

if

she

could

copymy◎典例体验I

want

to

know

if/whether

he

will

come.知道他是否会来。We

want

to

know

whether

you

are

ill

or

not.想知道你是否生病了。He

hasn’t

decided

whether

to

have

dinner

with

me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。◎归纳拓展whether,if

都可意为“是否”。但两者用法有区别：(1)与or

not连用时，只能用whether；

(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether；(3)if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether没有此用法。◎即学即用9：lme

you

have

finished

your

work

or

not.B.

ifD.

whether(

D

)PleaseA.

howC.

what5.

You

can

imagine

how

strange

itwas!◎典例体验What

an

interesting

story!＝

How

interesting

the

storyis!

多么有趣的故事！Whatbad

weather！多么糟的天气！What

wonderful

ideas(we

have)!

多么好的主意啊！How

time

flies！时间过得多么快啊！◎归纳拓展感叹句通常由what,how引导，表示赞美、惊讶、喜、怒、哀、乐等色彩感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。感叹句结构主要有以下几种：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词单数＋(主语＋谓语)!What＋形容词＋复数名词＋(主语＋谓语)!What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋(主语＋谓语)!How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！How＋主语＋谓语！A.

What

aC.

HowB.

WhatD.

How

a◎即学即用10：(

B

)(1)

wonderful

news

report

he

wrote!

All

of

uswere

proud

of

him.(2011滨州)(

B

)(2)

delicious

the

dish

is!A

.

What B.

HowC.

What

a(

B

)(3)

strange

clothes

he

is

wearing!A.

What

a B.

WhatC.

How

a(

C

)(4)

interesting

subject

it

is！A.

What B.

HowC.

Whatan(

C

)(5)

foggy

it

was

yesterday！A.

What B.

What

aC.

How(

B

)(6)

strong

wind!A.

How B.

What

aC.

What(

C

)(7)

fast

Tom

runs！A.

What B.

What

aC.

How(

C

)(8)

I

miss

thedaysA.

What B.

What

aC.

Howlayed

together！易混辨异1.

somewhere,

anywhere,

everywhere◎观察思考—My

ID

card

is

missing,

I

looked

for

it

everywhere,

but

Ican’t

find

itanywhere.丢了，我到处找，

任何地方都找不到它。—I

saw

it

somewhere

this

morning.今天早上我在某个地方看见过它。I’m

going

tomove

somewhere

interesting.我打算搬到有趣的地方。◎归纳拓展somewhere用于肯定句，强调的是某一处或某些地方；

anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，强调的是任何地方；everywhere

强调的是每一个地方。形容词修饰不定副词somewhere/anywhere/everywhere，须置后。A.

somewhereC.

everywhereB.

anywhereD.

a

place◎即学即用11：(

A

)(1)Wefoundhim

in

the

forest,

he

seemed

ill.A.

somewhereC.

everywhereB.

anywhereD.

a

place(

B

)(2)Nomatter

Igo

，my

dog

always

follows

me.A.

somewhereC.

everywhereB.

anywhereD.

a

place(

C

)(3)Sometimes,

rules

ofetiquette

arethesame

almost

.2.

message,

information◎观察思考There

were

no

messages

for

me.没有消息给我。Please

send

me

the

information

about

your

company.请

公司的

给我。◎归纳拓展message

可数名词，一般指(或口头的)信息、消息、音信。information

不可数名词，一般指信息；消息；

；资料；资讯。相关短语：take

a

message

for

sb.为

捎口信；

leave

a

message留口信；collect/receive

information

搜集/接收信息。A.

a

informationC.

some

informationsB.

a

messageD.

some

message◎即学即用12：(

B

)(1)I

came

to

find

Mr.Zhang,but

he

wasn’t

in

the

office,Ileft

on

his

desk.A.

informationC.

informationsB.

messageD.

messages(

A

)(2)Theboylikestocollect

the

about

dinosauron

the

Internet.3.

happen,

take

place◎观察思考Miracles

happen

every

day.每天都发生。Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

China.发生了很大改变。◎归纳拓展happen意为“发生”，主语一般是物，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。sth.

happentosb.某事发生在

身上；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”，sb.happen

to

do

sth.

碰巧……。takeplace通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生。”此外还有“举行”之意。◎即学即用13：Theaccident

happened

in

the

morning.事故是在早上发生的。Ihappened

toknow

the

answer

to

your

question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。Thepartywill

takeplace

on

Friday

evening.将在星期五晚上举行。What

happento

you?

You

look

upset.你怎么啦？你看起来很沮丧。4.

above,

on,

over◎观察思考There

is

a

book

on

thedesk.课桌上有一本书。Her

village

was

2,000

meters

above

sealevel.村庄在海平面2,000米以上。There

is

a

national

fla er

the

blackboard.黑板正上方有一面国旗。◎归纳拓展这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触。above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，也不一定在某物的正上方。over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。◎即学即用14：In

the

day,

the

temperature

will

stay

above

15℃.TheTshirt

on

the

bedis

Mike’s.Thereisanationalflag

over

the

blackboard

in

our

classroom.5.

everyday,

every

day◎观察思考Even

the

most

everyday

activities

can

seem

important.甚至最日常的活动也可能显得很重要。He

exercises

in

the

park

every

day.他每天在公园里锻炼。◎归纳拓展everyday

形容词，意为“日常的”。every

day副词短语，意为“每一天”。◎即学即用15：Shewatches

everyday

English

programs

on

TV

afterdinner

every

day

.对点训练Ⅰ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空happen

mad

silence

care

flyWe

should

keep

silent

in

the

reading

room.There

are

many

people

downstairs.

What

do

youthinkhas

happened

?The

flight

to

Beijing

is

put

off

because

of

the

badweather.Weshould

care

for

the

old.Don’tbe

mad

at

me.

I

won’t

stay

out

lateagain.Ⅱ.单项选择(

B

)1.Franklin

toldthemall

to

be

in

Britain

again.(2011杭州)he

was

how

happyhow

happy

he

washow

was

he

happyhe

was

happy

how解析：考查感叹句。结构之一为how＋形容词＋主谓。故选B。A.

How

sadC.

What

sadlyB.

What

sadD.

How

sadly(

A

)2.—

the

little

girl

looks!—That’s

true.

She

can’t

find

her

Teddy

Bear.(2011衢州)解析：考查感叹句。look系动词，后接形容词，故C、D不选；且感叹句结构为：how＋形容词＋主谓。故选A。A.who

she

isC.what

she

isB.

who

is

sheD.

what

is

she(

C

)3.—Lookatthatpretty

girl!Doyouknow

？—She

is

a

doctor.(2011衢州)解析：考查宾语从句及

用语。根据答句可知问句是询问职业，且宾语从句应用陈述句语序。故选C。A.

is

cookingC.

are

cookingB.

was

cookingD.

were

cooking(

B

)4.MrsWhite

dinner

when

her

son

came

home.(2011衢州)解析：考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句通常为过去进行时。故选B。(

B

)5.

The

woman

asked

theA.

the

post

office

isC.

is

the

post

officemanwhere

.B.

the

post

office

wasD.was

thepostoffice解析：考查宾语从句。asked为过去式，则此处的从句应为一般过去式，且须用陈述句语序。故选B。A.

somewhereC.

everywhereB.

anywhereD.

nowhere(

A

)6.

—Where

is

my

watch?

I

can’t

find

it.—Don’tworry.

Itmustbe

in

your

room.解析：考查不定副词。句意：它一定在你房间的某个地方。“somewhere某地”符合题意。A.

whenC.

howB.

thatD.

what(

D

)7.

—What

did

your

parents

think

about

your

decision?—Theyalways

letmedo

I

think

Ishould.解析：考查疑问词。句意：他们总是让我做我认为应该做的事。what引导从句做do的宾语。故选D。A.

WhatC.

What

aB.

HowD.

How

a(

C

)8.

—Kate

has

won

the prize

in

the

singing

competition.—

pleasant

surprise

this

gave

her

classmates!解析：考查感叹句。结构之一为what＋a＋形容词＋单数名词＋主谓！故选C。(

D

)9.Nobodyknows

.how

will

our

future

look

likewhat

will

our

future

be

likehow

our

future

will

look

likewhat

our

future

will

be

like解析：考查宾语从句。从句应用陈述句语序，且like

介词，意为“像”，故连接词须用what。—He

was

writing

anTV

athome.A.

as

soon

asC.

until(

D

)10.

—Where

was

your

brother

at

this

time

last

night?

I

was

watchingB.

afterD.

while解析：考查连词。连接两个同时发生的动作时通常用while。(

A

)11.—Tommy,doyou

knowifFrank

to

the

zoothisSundayifit

？—Sorry,

I

have

no

idea.will

go;

isfinegoes;

is

finewill

go;

is

going

to

be

finegoes;

will

be

fine解析：考查if的不同用法。第一个if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句一般将来时用will＋动词；第二个if意为“如果”引导的从句用一般现在时表将来。故选A。A.

howC.

whetherB.

whenD.

where(

C

)12.

—How

areyou

feeling

here?—It’s

quitehot.Idon’tknow

to

goor

stay.解析：考查疑问词辨析。从下文中的可判断应用whether。or，A.

messageC.

messagesB.

informationD.

informations(

B

)13.Studentscangetmore

and

knowledge

aboutthe

world

when

they

understand

English.解析：考查名词辨析。句意：当他们掌握了英语时，学生们能获得

的关于世界的信息和知识。message可数名词，意为“消息”，information不可数名词，意为“信息”。故选B。A.

afterC.

untilB.

sinceD.

when(

D

)14.

It’s

quite

common

in

Britain

to

say

“Thank

you”

to

thedrivers

people

get

off

thebus.解析：考查连词。句意：当人们下车时，对

说谢谢。这在英国这是相当平常的事。