化学专业英语课件

SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:zhangxianxi@SpecialityEnglishforChemist1TextbookTextbook2FeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryFeaturesofSpecialityEnglish3LotsofspecializedwordsinvolvedLotsofEnglishpaperstoreadWriteEnglishpapersListeningandspeakingabilitytocommunicatewithothersFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryLotsofspecializedwordsinvo4EnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthro5Classperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresClassperformance:20scoresCo6Chemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化学是一个如此广泛的、涵盖一切的学科领域，以至于人们在尝试给它下定义时几乎绝望了。encompass:[in’kʌmpəs],vt.包围，环绕despair:[dis’pɛə],n.&vi.绝望，失望Chemistryissuchabr7Indeed,somehavetakenacop-outapproachbydefiningchemistryas“whatchemistsdo”.Butthatwon’tdo;it’smuchtoonarrowaview.事实上，有些人采取一种逃避的办法，把化学定义为“化学家们所做的”。但是那行不通，它的视野范围太狭窄了。cop-out:[‘kɔpaut]逃避Indeed,somehavetakenacop-8Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我们每个人的活动都牵涉到化学。我们洗浴、做清洁、烹调食物。我们把一些化学制品用在脸上、手上和头发上。Chemistryiswealldo.We9Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.总起来说，我们在家庭中使用成千上万种消费化学品。Collectively,weusetensoft10Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科学的专家们用各种各样的化学品作为药物、杀菌剂或诊断测试的试剂。antiseptic:[,ænti’septik]adj.防腐的,杀菌的n.防腐剂，杀菌剂reagent:[ri(:)’eidʒənt]n.反应物,试剂diagnostic:[,daiəɡ’nɔstik]adj.诊断的,判断的Professionalsinthehealthan11Yourbodyitselfisaremarkablechemicalfactory.Youeatandbreathe,takinginrawmaterialsforthefactory.Youconvertthesesuppliesintoanunbelievablearrayofproducts,someincrediblycomplex.你的身体本身就是一个不同寻常的化工厂。你通过饮食和呼吸为这个工厂摄入原材料。你把这些供给转化成多得令人难以置信的产物，有些复杂得不可思议。array:[ə’rei]n.阵列,一大批,大量incredible:[in’kredəbl]adj.难以置信的;可疑的Yourbodyitselfisarema12Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身体这个化工厂也产生它自己的能量。它发现自己的故障，并能够再生和修复它的一些零部件。malfunction:[mæl’fʌŋkʃən]n.故障,障碍Thischemicalfactory--yo13Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察觉环境中的变化并适应这些变化。在邻近设施的帮助下，这个神奇的工厂能够创造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工厂。fabulous:[‘fæbjuləs]adj.寓言般的,难以置信的,神奇的Itsenseschangesinitse14Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牵涉到化学。你阅读这个句子，光能转化成了化学能。你思考，一些蛋白质分子就被合成并储存在你的大脑中。我们所有人都在从事化学。Everythingyoudoinvolves15Chemistryaffectssocietyaswellasindividuals.Chemistryisthelanguageandtheprincipaltoolofthebiologicalsciences,thehealthsciences,andtheagriculturalandearthsciences.化学对社会和个人都有影响。化学是生物学、保健科学、农业科学和地球科学的语言和基本工具。Chemistryaffectssociety16Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.从微小的原子核到无垠的宇宙，化学给整个自然界以启迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;阐明;启迪nucleus:[‘nju:kliəs]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.极大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘kɔzmɔs]n.宇宙Chemistryhasilluminated17Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我们相信化学知识能够帮助你。化学能够直接与生命和保健科学中的问题和机会联系起来。Webelievethatknowledge18Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我们也相信这会使化学的学习变得有趣和激动人心，特别是对非化学工作者。Andwebelievethatthisc19Forexample,an“ion”ismorethanachemicalabstraction.Enoughmercuryionsinthewrongplacecankillyou,buttherightnumberofcalciumionsintherightplacecankeepyoufrombleedingtodeath.

例如，“离子”不只是一个化学概念。足量的汞离子在不合适的地方会致人死命，而适量的钙离子在合适的地方却能够使人避免因流血过多而死。ion:[‘aiən]n.离子mercury:[‘mə:kjuri]n.汞,水银calcium:[‘kælsiəm]n.钙Forexample,an“ion”ism20“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一个方程式，但它也是在医院中挽救无数生命的呼吸疗法的基础。respiratory:[ris’paiərətəri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θerəpi]n.疗法“pV=nRT”isanequatio21“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氢键”是一个化学现象，但它还有助于说明一些事实的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、猫生出的后代是小猫，而人类生出的后代仍然是人类。puppy:[‘pʌpi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小猫“Hydrogenbonding”isach22Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化学在生活中还有许许多多类似的重要而又有趣的应用。Therearehundredsofsimi23Knowledgeofchemistryhasalreadyhadaprofoundeffectonthequalityoflife.Itsimpactonthefuturewillbeevenmoredramatic.化学知识已经对生活质量产生了深远的影响。它对未来的影响将会更加激动人心。profound:[prə’faund]adj.深度的;深切的;深远的dramatic:[drə’mætik]adj.戏剧性的,激动人心的Knowledgeofchemistryhas24Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因为我们对身体中与化学相关问题有所了解，目前，我们能控制糖尿病，治疗一些癌症并能预防某些智力缺陷症。diabetes:[,daiə’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’deiʃən],n.延迟Atpresentwecancontrol25Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallformsofcancerorallmentalretardation,becauseourknowledgeisstilllimited.由于我们的知识仍然有限，所以我们不能治愈糖尿病、所有癌症或智力缺陷。Wecan’tcurediabetesor26Solearnasmuchasyoucan.Yourworkwillbeenhancedandyourlifeenrichedbyyourgreaterunderstanding.所以尽可能多地学习吧。随着你认识的更多，你的工作会更加进步，你的生活也会更加丰富多彩。Solearnasmuchasyouca27Beprepared.Somethinggoodmighthappentoyouandtoothersbecauseofyou。做好准备吧。在你和其他人身上也许会有一些好事因你而发生。Beprepared.Somethinggoo28Appendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitsSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmountofsubstancemolemolElectriccurrentAmpereALuminousintensitycandelacdSIFundamentalUnitsAppendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQ29TraditionalMetricandSIPrefixesFactorPrefixSymbolFactorPrefixSymbol1012teraT10-2centic109gigaG10-3millim106megaM10-6microμ103kilok10-9nanon102hectoh10-12picop101dekada10-15femtof10-1decid10-18attoaTraditionalMetricandSIPref30

DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitSymbolDefinitionAreaSquaremeterm2VolumeCubicmeterm3DensityKilogrampercubicmeterkg·m-3ForceNewtonNkg·m·s-2PressurePascalPaN·m-2EnergyJouleJkg·m2·s-2ElectricquantityCoulombCAsElectricpotentialdifferenceVoltVJ/(As)DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQu31HomeworkPrepareanintroductionofyourselfFastreadpracticeofthecurrenttextPrepareforthenexttext1-5GreenChemistryHomeworkPrepareanintroductio32SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:zhangxianxi@SpecialityEnglishforChemist33TextbookTextbook34FeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryFeaturesofSpecialityEnglish35LotsofspecializedwordsinvolvedLotsofEnglishpaperstoreadWriteEnglishpapersListeningandspeakingabilitytocommunicatewithothersFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryLotsofspecializedwordsinvo36EnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthro37Classperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresClassperformance:20scoresCo38Chemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化学是一个如此广泛的、涵盖一切的学科领域，以至于人们在尝试给它下定义时几乎绝望了。encompass:[in’kʌmpəs],vt.包围，环绕despair:[dis’pɛə],n.&vi.绝望，失望Chemistryissuchabr39Indeed,somehavetakenacop-outapproachbydefiningchemistryas“whatchemistsdo”.Butthatwon’tdo;it’smuchtoonarrowaview.事实上，有些人采取一种逃避的办法，把化学定义为“化学家们所做的”。但是那行不通，它的视野范围太狭窄了。cop-out:[‘kɔpaut]逃避Indeed,somehavetakenacop-40Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我们每个人的活动都牵涉到化学。我们洗浴、做清洁、烹调食物。我们把一些化学制品用在脸上、手上和头发上。Chemistryiswealldo.We41Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.总起来说，我们在家庭中使用成千上万种消费化学品。Collectively,weusetensoft42Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科学的专家们用各种各样的化学品作为药物、杀菌剂或诊断测试的试剂。antiseptic:[,ænti’septik]adj.防腐的,杀菌的n.防腐剂，杀菌剂reagent:[ri(:)’eidʒənt]n.反应物,试剂diagnostic:[,daiəɡ’nɔstik]adj.诊断的,判断的Professionalsinthehealthan43Yourbodyitselfisaremarkablechemicalfactory.Youeatandbreathe,takinginrawmaterialsforthefactory.Youconvertthesesuppliesintoanunbelievablearrayofproducts,someincrediblycomplex.你的身体本身就是一个不同寻常的化工厂。你通过饮食和呼吸为这个工厂摄入原材料。你把这些供给转化成多得令人难以置信的产物，有些复杂得不可思议。array:[ə’rei]n.阵列,一大批,大量incredible:[in’kredəbl]adj.难以置信的;可疑的Yourbodyitselfisarema44Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身体这个化工厂也产生它自己的能量。它发现自己的故障，并能够再生和修复它的一些零部件。malfunction:[mæl’fʌŋkʃən]n.故障,障碍Thischemicalfactory--yo45Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察觉环境中的变化并适应这些变化。在邻近设施的帮助下，这个神奇的工厂能够创造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工厂。fabulous:[‘fæbjuləs]adj.寓言般的,难以置信的,神奇的Itsenseschangesinitse46Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牵涉到化学。你阅读这个句子，光能转化成了化学能。你思考，一些蛋白质分子就被合成并储存在你的大脑中。我们所有人都在从事化学。Everythingyoudoinvolves47Chemistryaffectssocietyaswellasindividuals.Chemistryisthelanguageandtheprincipaltoolofthebiologicalsciences,thehealthsciences,andtheagriculturalandearthsciences.化学对社会和个人都有影响。化学是生物学、保健科学、农业科学和地球科学的语言和基本工具。Chemistryaffectssociety48Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.从微小的原子核到无垠的宇宙，化学给整个自然界以启迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;阐明;启迪nucleus:[‘nju:kliəs]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.极大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘kɔzmɔs]n.宇宙Chemistryhasilluminated49Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我们相信化学知识能够帮助你。化学能够直接与生命和保健科学中的问题和机会联系起来。Webelievethatknowledge50Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我们也相信这会使化学的学习变得有趣和激动人心，特别是对非化学工作者。Andwebelievethatthisc51Forexample,an“ion”ismorethanachemicalabstraction.Enoughmercuryionsinthewrongplacecankillyou,buttherightnumberofcalciumionsintherightplacecankeepyoufrombleedingtodeath.

例如，“离子”不只是一个化学概念。足量的汞离子在不合适的地方会致人死命，而适量的钙离子在合适的地方却能够使人避免因流血过多而死。ion:[‘aiən]n.离子mercury:[‘mə:kjuri]n.汞,水银calcium:[‘kælsiəm]n.钙Forexample,an“ion”ism52“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一个方程式，但它也是在医院中挽救无数生命的呼吸疗法的基础。respiratory:[ris’paiərətəri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θerəpi]n.疗法“pV=nRT”isanequatio53“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氢键”是一个化学现象，但它还有助于说明一些事实的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、猫生出的后代是小猫，而人类生出的后代仍然是人类。puppy:[‘pʌpi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小猫“Hydrogenbonding”isach54Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化学在生活中还有许许多多类似的重要而又有趣的应用。Therearehundredsofsimi55Knowledgeofchemistryhasalreadyhadaprofoundeffectonthequalityoflife.Itsimpactonthefuturewillbeevenmoredramatic.化学知识已经对生活质量产生了深远的影响。它对未来的影响将会更加激动人心。profound:[prə’faund]adj.深度的;深切的;深远的dramatic:[drə’mætik]adj.戏剧性的,激动人心的Knowledgeofchemistryhas56Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因为我们对身体中与化学相关问题有所了解，目前，我们能控制糖尿病，治疗一些癌症并能预防某些智力缺陷症。diabetes:[,daiə’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’deiʃən],n.延迟Atpresentwecancontrol57Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallf