英语语法-句子成分课件

句法（一）---byElena句子成分定义：构成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分：主语、谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语、同位语

一、主语（SUBJECT）

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.找出主语：Thesunrisesintheeast.名词Helikestraveling.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Toseeistobelieving.ItisveryclearthatEnglishisimportantintraveling.It形式主语，从句主语是真正主语不定式二、谓语(PREDICATE)简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.三、宾语（OBJECT）

动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。eg.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语四、定语（ATTRIBUTE）

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.(形容词)(数词)(现在分词)六、表语（PREDICATIVE）

系动词后的成分，表主语的性质、特征、状态常见系动词:be(am/is/are/were/was),appear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,becomeget,grow,come,go……系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.六、补足语（COMPLEMENT）

补足语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。1、宾语补足语：补充说明宾语状态，使句子意义完整常用及物动词：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let……eg.Ifoundthebookinteresting.

2、主语补足语：主动语态变成被动语态后，宾补变主补。eg.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.

→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.找出补足语：Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.八、同位语（APPOSITIVE）

位于名词或代词后面，二次说明它们的性质和情况

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.