考研考博-英语-山东电子职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东电子职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thereareseveralmeans（）latitudeandlongitude.

问题1选项

A.candetermine

B.todetermine

C.bythemcanbedetermined

D.weusethemtodetermine

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。分析句子可知，句中已经有谓语动词thereare，因此空格处的动词determine应用非谓语形式，四个选项中，只有B项是非谓语形式，故选B。句意：有几种方法可以确定纬度和经度。

2.单选题

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

问题1选项

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

3.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous-coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandinimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities,there'slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff,thecitybreedsafeelingofisolationandconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn'tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe"quietlife"byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring"morning"tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere'smycat,Toby.I'mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor

（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuytothefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages

（

）.

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?（

）.

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso.

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell.

D.Heisintwominds.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.（我设法说服自己，如果不是因为工作的缘故，我将马上搬到开阔的农村，回到隐藏在宁静的村庄）可知作者在城市工作，因此选C。

第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段中nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother与B选项对应；Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats与C选项对应；theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld与D选项对应，因此选A。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.（购物成了一个大问题，对于任何不寻常的东西，你必须远征到最近的大城市）可知选C，其他选项都为平常的东西。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.（他们大概和他们留下的塑料花一样，没有感受，他们的脑子里充满了关于改变和改进农村的奇怪想法，并将这些强加给不愿接受的原始居民）可知D选项“麻木不仁的”最恰当。这里是将这些人和塑料花进行比较，他们只知道一味的强加，并不在意当地人的感受，所以说和塑料花一样麻木不仁。所以选项D正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中I’mkeenontheidea,but...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.可知作者以他的猫为例，认为它不一定会适应农村生活，更喜欢待在城里，间接表达了自己不会去农村生活，因此选B。

4.单选题

Followthemoneyandyouwillendupinspace.That’sthemessagefromafirst-of-its-kindforumonminingbeyondEarth.

ConvenedinSydneybytheAustralianCentreforSpaceEngineeringResearch,theeventbroughttogetherminingcompanies,roboticsexperts,lunarscientists,andgovernmentagenciesthatareallworkingtomakespaceminingareality.

Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm.

PlanetaryResourcesofWashingtonsaysitwilllaunchitsfirstprospectingtelescopesintwoyears,whileDeepSpaceIndustriesofVirginiahopestobeharvestingmetalsfromasteroidsby2020.Anothercommercialventurethatsprungupin2012,GoldenSpikeofColorado,willbeofferingtripstothemoon,includingtopotentiallunarminers.

Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.ButlikethegoldrushpioneerswhotransformedthewesternUnitedStates,thefirstspaceminerswon’tjustenrichthemselves.Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.

Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity.“Inthedesert,what’sworthmore:akilogramofgoldorakilogramofwater?”asksKrisZacnyofHoneybeeRoboticsinNewYork.“Goldisuseless.Waterwillletyoulive.”

Watericefromthemoon’spolescouldbesenttoastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationfordrinkingorasaradiationshield.Splittingwaterintooxygenandhydrogenmakesspacecraftfuel,soice-richasteroidscouldbecomeinterplanetaryrefuelingstations.

Companiesareeyeingtheiron,silicon,andaluminuminlunarsoilandasteroids,whichcouldbeusedin3Dprinterstomakesparepartsormachinery.Otherswanttoturnspacedirtintoconcreteforlandingpads,sheltersandroads.

1.Inthepassagetheauthormentionsseveralcompaniesprimarilyto（

）.

2.Theauthorindicatesthatspaceminingcouldhavewhichpositiveeffect?

3.Asusedinthepassagetheword“demands”underlinedmostnearlymeans

（

）.

4.Whatfunctiondoesthediscussionofwaterinlastpartofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notethetechnologicaladvancesthatmakespaceminingpossible

B.provideevidenceofthegrowinginterestinspacemining

C.emphasizethelargeprofitstobemadefromspacemining

D.highlightthediversewaystocarryoutspaceminingoperations

问题2选项

A.ItcouldyieldmaterialsimportanttoEarth’seconomy

B.ItcouldraisethevalueofsomepreciousmetalsonEarth

C.Itcouldcreateunanticipatedtechnologicalinnovations

D.Itcouldchangescientists’understandingofspaceresources

问题3选项

A.offers

B.claims

C.inquiries

D.desires

问题4选项

A.Itcontinuesanextendedcomparisonthatbeginsinthepreviousparagraph

B.Itprovidesanunexpectedanswertoaquestionraisedinthepreviousparagraph

C.Itoffershypotheticalexamplessupportingaclaimmadeinthepreviousparagraph

D.Itexaminespossibleoutcomesofaproposalputforthinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第三、四、五段提到了几家公司并说到了他们的一些举措或计划，尤其第三段说到“Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm2012年，两家私营小行星采矿公司刚刚成立，紧接着这个论坛就变得火热起来”说明很多公司对在太空采矿的兴趣正日益增加。因此B选项“提供证据表明人们对太空采矿的兴趣日益浓厚”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。作者在第五段提到“Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.在几十年内，这些公司可能会满足地球上对贵金属的需求，比如铂和金，以及对个人电子产品至关重要的稀土元素，比如钇和镧”，这些都是对太空采矿感兴趣的公司，因此这里说的就是太空采矿的好处，A选项“它可以产生对地球经济很重要的物质”符合文意。

3.判断推理题。句中用来与demands搭配的动词是“meeting满足”，因此此处desire“要求”可与demand对等。

4.判断推理题。文章最后一部分讨论水，原因可在倒数第三段第一句找到“Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity在这种情况下，从太空中开采的水可能成为最受欢迎的商品”。这里是在为上文说到的“Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.他们还希望建立一个与地球没有任何联系的外星球经济，从月球和小行星上提取和处理的物质被运送到太空项目中。”提供一个例子，而这一切都还是假设，因此C选项“它为前一段的观点提供了假设的例子”正确。

5.单选题

Motorcyclistsshouldwearhelmetsto（）themfrominjury.

问题1选项

A.save

B.shield

C.shelter

D.defend

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。save意为“使……免于受到……的损伤”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害。题中是指运用头盔这种工具躲避伤害。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

问题2选项

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

问题3选项

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

问题4选项

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

问题5选项

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，反对克隆的是克林顿总统，而白宫对此的态度作者没有提及，所以选项A错误；克林顿总统下令联邦基金不能用于克隆实验，所以选项B也错误；NBAC只是被授权写出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，而不是被授权控制克隆技术的滥用，选项C表述有误；根据第一段的最后一句可知，该草案的最终建议已经达成了一致，所以选项D正确。

2.根据原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指达成广泛的共识。所以选项C更符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一个关键问题专家组尚未达成一致意见，即将私人资金用于克隆人属于犯罪这一条例是否应该立法。所以选项D是错误的。

4.根据第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成员会注意控制其内容的措辞,以免出现新的条令禁止克隆人类DNA和细胞的试验——这类试验在分子生物学中是常见的。也就是说，克隆人类DNA不应该受到更多的控制。选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他们在是否进一步要求联邦法律全面禁止克隆人的问题上存在分歧。选项B符合原文。

7.单选题

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation“展示，陈述”；preparation“预备，准备”；preference“偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential“潜能，可能性”。

句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。

8.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性别歧视是在生理由先天决定这一思想基础上产生的，并被其合理化。根据这一思想，生理和心理的基本差异存在于性别之中。

2.这样，女人天生比男人更加适合履行家庭职责。在通常情况下，女人的位置处于在家里这个被保护的环境中。

3.这种思想还认为，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就应该在那些适合她们性别的行业里的工作。

4.最后，这种思想还认为，自然以另一种显著的方式行使了自己的意志。人类要长远生存下来，它的成员必须有规律地繁衍。

5.有充足的证据表明，性别角色在不同的社会里是不同的，而且这些确实存在的角色差异大都是后天学来的。

9.单选题

Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同龄人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople’schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingviewsisconsistentwithwhatthedevelopmentalistshold?

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theword“ditched”couldbebestreplacedby______.

5.Whatistheauthor’smainpurpose?

问题1选项

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavioroftheirchildren

B.parentswillaffectgreatlythechildren’slifeinthelongrun

C.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment

D.children’spersonalityisshapedbytheirfriendsandneighbors

问题2选项

A.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

B.Twinsarequitedifferentiftheyarerearedintwoseparatefamilies.

C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearedifferentinpersonality.

D.Nurturehasalesssignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment.

问题3选项

A.Itishardertotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringingthantheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildren.

B.Immigrantchildrentendtodiscardthewaytheirparentsspeakquicklywhentheygotoschool.

C.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeershavemoreimpactonchildren’squalitiessuchastobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.

D.Itiseasierforchildrentoacquirealanguageatschoolthanathome.

问题4选项

A.proved

B.emphasized

C.compared

D.ignored

问题5选项

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris’swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris’swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris’swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris’swork.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.（她认为，父母对孩子个性的发展没有重要的长期影响。更重要的是他们在操场上的朋友和邻居。），说明哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响。因此D选项“孩子的个性是由他们的朋友和邻居塑造的”正确。A选项“父母应该为他们孩子的任何不良行为负责”，B选项“从长远来看，父母将极大地影响孩子的人生”，C选项“天生的而不是后天的因素对孩子的个性发展有很大的影响”均与原文意思相反，所以A,B,C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.（哈里斯女士对发展主义者的“自然”论点的攻击似乎加深了人们对这一职业已经存在的怀疑。），说明哈里斯女士和发展主义者的观点截然不同，哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响，而发展主义者强调父母对孩子的影响，认为教育对孩子的影响更大，所以A选项“孩子受同龄人的影响比受父母的影响更大”，D选项“天生的因素对孩子个性发展的影响不大”不属于发展主义者的观点，A,D错误。由于哈里斯女士所举的双胞胎例子与发展主义者的观点相反，那么后者的观点应该是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异，所以C选项“在同一家庭中长大的同卵双胞胎在性格上是不同的”错误。因此B选项“如果双胞胎在两个不同的家庭中长大，他们就会有很大不同”正确。

3.客观细节题。A选项“追踪父母教养的确切影响比追踪同龄人群体对孩子的确切影响更难”，由原文Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.（虽然很难追踪父母教养的确切影响，但要衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响可能更困难。）可知后者更难，所以A错误。C选项“事实证明，同龄人对儿童的品质，如诚实、勤奋、慷慨等方面的影响更大”，由原文Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.（尽管要证明父母对这些品质的影响很小很容易，但要证明同龄人对这些品质的影响要大得多却很难。）可知，很难证明同龄人对这些品质的影响更大，所以C错误。D选项“儿童在学校比在家里更容易掌握一种语言”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。B选项“移民的孩子在上学时往往会很快抛弃他们父母的说话方式”，由原文Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.（哈里斯指出，来自移民家庭的孩子在学校很快就学会了不像父母那样说话。）可知，移民的孩子在学校很快就会抛弃父母的说话方式，所以B正确。

4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.（此外，父母当然不能被完全抛弃。），说明不能完全忽视父母的影响，可以推断出“ditched”在文中是指“忽视”的意思。因此D选项“忽视”正确。A选项“证明”，B选项“强调”，C选项“比较”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那么重要，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性，接着在第四段中说到，虽然孩子们极力要向他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可忽视的，说明作者对哈里斯女士观点的态度是批判性的。因此D选项“对哈里斯女士的工作进行批判性评论”正确。A选项“高度赞扬哈里斯女士的工作”，B选项“反驳哈里斯女士的工作”，作者没有完全绝对地赞同或反对哈里斯女士的观点，所以A、B错误。C选项“客观地报告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客观介绍了哈里斯女士的观点之外，也提出了自己的主观看法，所以C错误。

10.单选题

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact“接触”；D选项exposure“暴露”。句意：过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、产生癌症或造成其他身体上的损伤。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使……沮丧；使……灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐，逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

问题1选项

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央视所有庆祝春节的节目都通过卫星转播到世界各地。划线词的前缀是re-，选项A和B不符合句意，所以选项C正确。

13.单选题

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

问题1选项

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在if虚拟条件句中，如果是对过去情况的虚拟，则条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should+have+动词过去分词形式。如果虚拟条件句中有were，had或should，则可以将if省略，将这几个词提到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗杀，那么联邦政府可能就已经被推翻了。故本题正确答案为D。

14.单选题

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

问题1选项

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有______的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

BillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle;theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).

TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.

Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimonytothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday.

“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA’,theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”

ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetau