考研考博-英语-山东政法学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东政法学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.subtle

B.eternal

C.inherent

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。subtle“微妙的”；eternal“永恒的”；inherent“固有的”；intrinsic“本质的，固有的”。句意：钻石的内在的价值很少，它的价格几乎完全取决于它的稀少。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

TheTVprogramisso（）thatIcan’tmovemyeyesawayfromthescreen.

问题1选项

A.freestanding

B.devastating

C.compelling

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这个电视节目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能从屏幕上移开。

考查形容词辨析。freestanding独立式的;devastating毁灭性的;compelling引人注目的,强制的,激发兴趣的;fascinating迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂颠倒的。由后半句句意可知D正确。

3.单选题

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFridayanalyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomicstrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition（营养不良）andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohumandrivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed（有瑕疵的）”.

However,SorenAnderasen,asocialscientistatDahlbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

问题1选项

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters

问题2选项

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

D.Itcauseabigstirindevelopingcountries

问题3选项

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

问题4选项

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders

问题5选项

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（amethodologicalembarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（whosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases），选项D“富裕国家怎样更好地帮助贫穷国家减少气候带来的危害”符合题意。

4.单选题

Thegovernment’slossofcontrolresultedfromagrowingineffectivenessofthewholebureaucraticmachine,ashadoccurredbeforeinthedynasticcycles.Suchdeclinehasbeen（）corruption,sooftenmentionedinChinesesources.

问题1选项

A.ascribedto

B.resultedfrom

C.resultedin

D.caused

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项beascribedto“归因于”；B选项resultfrom“由于，起因于”；C选项resultin“导致”；D选项cause“引起”，根据空处的意思，此处为被动形式，只有A在这里可以使用被动。句意：政府的失控……整个官僚机器的日渐无能，这正如以前的朝代循环一样。这样的能力下滑归因于腐败，腐败在中国经常被提及。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

6.单选题

Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”hesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.

Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.

The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish“well”or“verywell”aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.

Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethando（J.S-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.

RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”

AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today’ssocialinduceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“homogenizing”（Line2,Paragraph1）?

2.Theauthoragreesthatthe19th-centurydepartmentstores（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,immigrantsnowintheU.S.（）.

4.ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksarementionedinParagraph5to（）.

5.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis（）.

问题1选项

A.Identifying

B.Associating

C.Assimilating

D.Monopolizing

问题2选项

A.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption

B.becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers

C.playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture

D.satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite

问题3选项

A.exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture

B.arehardlyathreattothecommonculture

C.constitutethemajorityofthepopulation

D.areresistanttohomogenization

问题4选项

A.revealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants

B.provetheirpopularityaroundtheworld

C.giveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants

D.showthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture

问题5选项

A.rewarding

B.successful

C.fruitless

D.harmful

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.由inspiteof以及difference可知，homogenizing是difference的反义词。选项中只有C项assimilation同化为difference的反义词，故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite，’’thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.人们被19世纪的百货商店所倡导的“消费文化”所吸引，这些商店“在优雅的氛围中提供琳琅满目的商品”。“这些商店”不是为知识精英服务的私人商店，而是任何人都可以进入的商店，无论阶层或背景如何。这就把购物变成了一种公开和民主的行为。大众媒体、广告和体育是同质化的其他力量。据此可知19世纪的百货商店对于流行文化的传播起了作用。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.”移民们很快就适应了这种共同的文化，这种文化可能并不完全令人振奋，但也几乎没有害处。据此可知B项“移民对美国的共同的文化几乎没有威胁。”正确。

4.作者意图题。由第五段“RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的儿童都是阿诺德•施瓦辛格（ArnoldSchwarzenegger）和加斯•布鲁克斯（GarthBrooks）等超级明星的粉丝，但“一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民在某种程度上仍然不受美国同化力量的影响。”据此可以首先排除A项“揭示了公众对移民的恐惧”，因为文中说到的是someAmericans与选项中的public是有区别的。B项“为了证明他们在全世界的有名”这句显然不对，该句与文章的主旨美国移民无关。C项“给出成功移民的例子”这两个人并不一定都是移民，而且本文讨论的是美国在吸收移民方面的成功，如果作者举这个例子是为了表明移民本身的成功，那就偏离了文章主旨。yet之后的内容：然而，一些美国人担心在美国的移民不受美国强大的同化能力的影响。其实这句话作者是想表明既然美国之外的人都崇拜美国人，那么何必担心美国移民不受美国强大的文化的影响呢？言外之意是美国文化在包括美国在内的全世界都有强大的影响。故D项正确。

5.观点态度题。由第二段第一句“Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.”可知移民对这种文化机会没有害处，故D项错误。本文作者从几个方面讲述了美国吸收移民的成功，比如新移民的家庭一般高于50%的人都拥有自己的房子；大多数移民在居住10年后，英语说得“很好”或“非常好”。“移民的孩子往往会说两种语言，精通英语。到了第三代，大多数移民家庭的母语就消失了等等，故B项正确。本文并没有强调移民对美国的好处，故A项错误。C项fruitless不成功的，明显与原文内容相反，故排除。故正确答案为B项。

7.单选题

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

问题1选项

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

问题2选项

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

问题3选项

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

问题4选项

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdealwithacompany’sspecificrequirements

问题5选项

A.topreventothercompaniestakingtheirbusiness

B.tohelpthemfindnewinternationalpartners

C.tomeetclients’currentexpectations

D.tobecomemoreawareoftheircompetitors’activities

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】11.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第三句话ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.（感谢精密的IT和沟通系统，企业现在可以在一个真正的全球规模上开发它们的产品市场。）这其中global是个关键的暗示，可以联想到海外市场，因此B选项“在国内市场以外的地方扩张”正确。A选项“提供更多种类的产品和服务”、C选项“比国际竞争对手表现更好”两项在原文中并未提及；D选项“在国外开设更多生产设施”，文中只说了可以在海外扩张，没有提到开设更多的生产设备。

12.事实细节题。根据题干定位至第二段开头一段话Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesenses,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processesandstandards.（虽然全球化可能在某种意义上使国家经济更加密切，但世界各地仍有着极度不同的期望、过程和标准）；后面又提到了一句youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式来与民族偏见和解）。这一段整体讲的就是要克服沟通上的障碍，理解了内容不难作答。因此C选项“原因是文化差异的存在”，与原文所表达的意思相符，正确。A选项“当地的经济因素”；B选项“强烈希望保持独立”以及D选项“有关商业惯例的规例”都不是原文的观点。

13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段，前面介绍说新技术，比如视频会议和电子邮件，会使沟通过程更简单。并且语言翻译软件（languageinterpretationsoftware）会帮助解决一些国际沟通问题。后面一个BUT，才真正揭示了答案，说在沟通过程中人的作用是至关重要的。Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners.（经理们定期会见员工、客户和合作伙伴是很有必要的），从这一句可以看出作者的真正态度，是认为当面交流仍然很重要，因此D选项“现代技术永远也无法替代面对面互动的需要”正确。A选项“加快语言口译的过程”，不是作者真正的观点；B选项“不能促进公司和客户之间的交流”，不正确，作者还是认为现代技术是有用的，只是不能够完全取代当面交流；C选项“帮助解决维护强大团队所涉及的问题”，是无关项。

14.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.（通常，在授权培训之前必须确定紧急需求），可知确认有迫切的需要时培训才会被批准。作者认为很多公司的培训有些急功近利，trainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbroader,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.（培训计划只有在与公司更广泛、更长期的需要相关时才有效。它们应该被视为一种投资，而不是一种成本）。因此C选项“培训的缺点是：只有迫切需要时才会被提供”正确，其中immediateneed与原文urgentrequirement相照应。A选项“是由错误的团队开发的”，过度推断，原文并未给出相关表达；B选项“没有物有所值”，不正确；D选项“不处理公司的具体要求”，没有提及。

15.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段demandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast.（客户要求他们使用母语，这些公司也意识到海外竞争逐渐激烈。）还有最后一句Ifnot,someoneelsewill.（如果他们不说当地的语言，其他人会说的。）意思就是如果你不使用当地的语言做生意，其他人会取而代之的。因此A选项“防止其他公司占领了他们的业务”正确。B选项“帮助他们找到新的国际合作伙伴”，原文没有提及；C选项“满足客户当前的期望”，不是他们的目的；D选项“更多地了解竞争对手的活动”，也不是他们的根本目的。

8.单选题

Theseconddefinition,thoughaccurate,isequallyas（）anduselessasthefirstone,fromapracticalpointofview.

问题1选项

A.penitent

B.constituted

C.repellent

D.pedantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项penitent“后悔的，愧疚的”；B选项constituted“组成；建立”；C选项repellent“令人厌恶的；防……的”；D选项pedantic“迂腐的，学究气的”。句意：第二个定义虽然准确，但从实用性看，也和第一个定义一样（），毫不实用。definition不至于repellent“令人厌恶的”，但是有可能pedantic“学究气的”，这里可以翻译成纸上谈兵的，符合生活实际。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

QwestboaststhatitsdigitalinfrastructurecantransmittheentireLibraryofCongressacrossAmericain20seconds.

问题1选项

A.superstructure

B.instrument

C.facilities

D.foundation

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.superstructure上层建筑B.instrument仪器；器具

C.facilities设施；工具D.foundation地基；基础

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】infrastructure本意是“基础设施”，由后半句句意“可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地”可知，能够传送信息，那么句中digitalinfrastructure应该指“数字设备”的意思，facility指可供使用的设备或设施，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A、D项不符合划线单词词义；

B项instrument通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器，尤指电工仪表、测量装置，航海或航空用的控制装置。

【句意】奎斯特通讯公司自夸其数字基础设施可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地。

10.单选题

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

问题1选项

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

【解析】没有错误。句意:《道德经》几乎可以肯定是现代西方人中最受敬仰的中国古代哲学文本。自19世纪中期以来，它被多次翻译成英文。

11.单选题

Therearetwobasicwaystoseepersonalgrowth:oneasaproduct,whichcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured;theotherasaprocess,which,（

），ismuchmoredifficulttodetermine.

问题1选项

A.inaddition

B.bycontrast

C.furthermore

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】副词固定词组词义辨析。本题需要分析前后两句的关系，通过句意‘从两个基本的方法可以看出个人成长：一个是结果，能够很轻易地被识别和衡量；另一个就是过程，相比之下就很难被决定。’是将两者进行比较。A选项inaddition“除此之外，此外”，意思上的递进；B选项bycontrast“相比之下，与之相比”，正确；C选项furthermore“此外，而且”，也是意思上的递进；D选项likewise“同样地，也”。故应选B项

12.单选题

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

问题1选项

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A将来完成时，表示将来某一时间开始，并将继续完成的动作；B一般将来时，将来可能发生的事情；C过去将来完成时，表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成；D过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。前面是由bythetime引导的时间状语从句，且是现在完成时，根据时间状语从句主将从现的原则，所以答案选A。

13.单选题

Withallthisworkonhand,he（）tothecinemalastmight.

问题1选项

A.mustn’tgo

B.wouldn’tgo

C.oughtn’tgo

D.shouldn’thavegone

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。句意：因为手头有这些工作要做，他昨晚不该去看电影的。由句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，故选D项，表示“本不该去看电影”。

14.单选题

Thecampershavetomakedowiththeoldequipment.

问题1选项

A.dowithout

B.replace

C.managewith

D.repair

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。makedowith意为“设法应付”；dowithout意为“没有……也行，将就”；replace意为“替换，代替”；managewith意为“设法对付，用……设法对付”；repair意为“恢复，修理”。

句意：露营者不得不凑合着使用这些旧装备。

15.单选题

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

问题2选项

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

问题3选项

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

问题4选项

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

问题5选项

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美国的价格系统是非常复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括名目繁多的各种服务，如劳动力、专职交通、公共事业等服务的价格。”可知本文主要内容为美国的复杂价格体系。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一种特定产品或服务的价格都与这个广泛而复杂的价格系统联系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系统中其他成分的制约。”可知价格与产品和服务有关。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.买方和卖方都应该熟悉不仅金额,而且产品的数量和质量或服务的交换,进行交换和付款的时间和地点,资金使用的形式,提供给交易的本信用证条款和折扣,产品或服务的保证,交货条件,返回特权,和其他因素都要了解。”可知买卖双方要了解的不仅仅是钱的数量，而且还有产品的质量、时间和地点等。故A项“产品说明书”没有提及。

4.推理判断题。由本文最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.换句话说，买方和卖方都应该充分了解构成交换的所有因素，以便他们可以评估一个给定的价格。”可知they指代买方和卖方。故C项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal‘package’beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.换句话说，买方和卖方都应该充分了解构成交换的所有因素，以便他们可以评估一个给定的价格。”可知下文可能讨论有关构成买卖的各种因素。故D项正确。

16.单选题

Taxincreaseswereintroducedonawiderangeofgoodsandservicestohelpalleviatetheprojectedbudget.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.receive

C.deceive

D.conceive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。alleviate“减轻，缓解”；A选项relieve“解除，缓解；使不单调乏味”；B选项receive“收到；接待；接纳”；C选项deceive“欺骗；行骗”；D选项conceive“怀孕；构思”。句意：对大量商品和服务增税，以帮助减