考研考博-英语-山东工程职业技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东工程职业技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

问题1选项

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项hangon“坚持下去，握住不放”，尤指不挂上电话以等待想要的或要求的事物；B项holdto“坚持，紧握”，指坚持某个看法或路线；C项taketo“喜欢，开始从事”，D项seeto“注意，负责”。根据关键词originalplan“原来的计划”结合前半句句子意思“在考虑了各种替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“坚持”，所以只有B项符合语境。句意：考虑了各种可选择的方案后，我们决定坚持原来的计划。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Inthenewageofemployment,NewZealandexecutiveswithskillstosellareincreasinglycreatingtheirownfuture.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthatcomplains,whichexpecttheirstafftogivetheirsoultothecompany,maybedisappointed.New-ageexecutiveswanttobethekeeperoftheirownsouls.Enlightenedchiefexecutivesknowthatexecutiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohaveinthecompany.

Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies.Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed.Therewillbeaskillshortageinmanycountriesinthenextcentury.Thepeoplewithskillsthatcompaniesneedarelookingforanenjoyableworkingenvironmentthatrecognizesthewholeperson.Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing.

Theimplicationsformanagementstylesareprofound.Tomorrow’sexecutiveswillbenotonproductivity,coldonarbitraryworkpatterns.Forthenewbreed,a70-hourworkingweekisn’tsomethingtoboastabout,ifit’sanadmissionoflousytimemanagement.Executivesrecruitmentagenciesreportthatmoreandmorepeopleareaskingfirstabouttheflexibilityofthecompany’sworkingarrangementsandonlysecondaboutsalarypackages.Thesalarypackagewasn'tunimportantbutcamewellbehindwhatmightbecalledthewholedetailsofthejob.Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty.Becausetheylovetheirwork,theydevelopaverystrongtiewiththeircompany.Inreturn,thisaddsuptothecreationofanenvironment,whichnotonlyattractsstaffbutkeepsthem,too.

Furthermore,manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace.Best-sellingbooksbyDr.Dyerhaveencouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill.

1.Executiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohavethecompanybecause（

）.

2.Thecompanyispopularifithas

（

）.

3.WhichisNOTtrueaboutbalancedemployment?

4.Thesentence“Manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace”(Para.4)means

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.employeesthemselveswilldecidewhichcompanytochoose

B.thebestpeopledon’twanttodevotethemselvescompletelytothecompany

C.thebestpeopledon’tliketostayinaplaceforalongtime

D.thebestpeoplelookdownuponthelessqualified

问题2选项

A.arbitraryworkpatterns

B.lousymanagement

C.flexibleworkingenvironment

D.busytimeschedule

问题3选项

A.Thenumbersofemployersandemployeesareproportional

B.Employeeswillenjoymorefreedom

C.Itisastandardbywhichfutureemployeesjudgecompanies

D.Companieswillcreateenvironmentattractivetotheemployees

问题4选项

A.theycarryouthumanetreatment

B.theyencourageemployeestoworkhard

C.theyplayaroleincorporatemill

D.theytakeindividualemployeesasdominantfactor

问题5选项

A.Employeesdecidetochooseworkattheirownwill.

B.Loyaltyisessentialtoacompany.

C.Prospectiveemployeespreferfavorableenvironment.

D.Companieshavecreatedattractiveenvironment.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察判断推理。文章第二段倒数第一二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing提到员工们要的是自由，希望有节假日来做自己的事情。选项B符合题意。

2..考察细节事实。文章第二段提到，未来的公司为了吸引有技能的人前来就业，需要创造出更好的环境。员工最在乎的不是工资而是自己能否有足够的假期来做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相对自用的工作环境能够让员工对公司更加忠诚（Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty）。选项C符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。根据文章第二段第一句Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies可以排除选项C；根据倒数第二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom可以排除选项B；根据第二句Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed排除选项D。所以选项A符合题意。

4.考察判断推理。题干的意思是“制造商应该把人性设置在工作场所”。文章提到了员工现在更加看中的是freedom而不是把报酬放在第一位，他们希望有自己的时间来做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill提到这位博士鼓励员工多去为自己想想而不是成为一个工作的机器，也就是说公司应该把员工放在主要位置。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章主要讲述了员工对于未来工作环境的要求。他们不再把工资报酬放在第一位，而是要有灵活的工作时间，有假期来做自己的事情，而不再是做一个工作的机器。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm（没必要不工作，只是要保持冷静）。

4.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段的内容为：在大气中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面单面镜子或温室屋顶上的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量溢出。因此选D，在大气中二氧化碳的浓度将提高地球表面的温度。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段主要讲了二氧化碳对全球气候的影响，最后两段主要讲了太阳活动对全球气候变暖的影响，因此选D，本文主要解释影响天气的原因。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一种可能是太阳的变化行为）可知选D，部分的原因是太阳活动的变化。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（问题是，这些模型预测，世界应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此）可知A选项“世界气候应该变得更冷”符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应可以抵消太阳热量的减少）可知选B，如果关于新冰河延期的假设是正确的，那么冰很快就会覆盖北半球。

5.单选题

Mostof

whatBillsaidwas（）;onlyone

ortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeing

discussed.

问题1选项

A.reliable

B.relative

C.related

D.relating

【答案】B

【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相较的；related指相关的；relating是动词relate的分词形式。句意：比尔讲的大多都很切题,只有一两点与主题关系不是很紧密。选项B正确。

6.翻译题

现在西方国家的有志之士都认识到，不同文明之间应学会共存，而不应因文化上的不同而走向冲突以致战争。他们认为，不同民族和国家可以通过文化交往与对话取得某种“共识”，也即有一个从“不同”到某种意义上相互“认同”的过程。这种相互“认同”是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

7.单选题

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

问题1选项

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced公开指责的，公然抨击

的；detached分开的，分离的；deduced推论的，演绎的。根据句中badanddampweather(恶劣潮湿的天气),

theplants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。

8.单选题

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_____一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

问题1选项

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组搭配辨析。A选项(be)attachedto“附属于；系于”；B选项(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C选项(be)filledwith“充满”；D选项(be)associatedwith“与……有关”。句意：应注意缩短人们……连续噪音的时间。从句中的主语是one“人”，宾语是loudcontinuousnoise“响亮不间断的噪音”。人对噪音是难以忍受的，所以需要缩短人们承受噪音的时间。因此B选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.(1)Forsomeoneinneedoftreatment,that’sgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy,thetidingscanbeallbad.

Lastweekacorollary(推论)tothepatientsbillofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.Theywouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.(2)Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.TheplanwassaidtobeanunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.

(3)Whiletheadministrationbilledtherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry,neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,pointingtoaprovisionallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewas“health-careoperations”.That,physicianssaid,wasaloophole(漏洞)throughwhichHealthMaintenanceOrganizationsandotherinsurerscouldpry(窥探)intothedoctor-patientrelationship,inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile,theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.

Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreaches(违背)by“businesspartners”suchaslawyersandaccountants.Bothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveupthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanadditional$3.8billion,andmaybemuchmore,overthenextfiveyears.(4)Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrules’enforcementrules.

Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.(5)Todayvariouscancersandsexuallytransmitteddiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal:anofficialnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation,suchaspayingcashforservices.

【答案】1.对于需要治疗的人来说，这是个好消息。但对于在找工作或准备买保险的人来说，这些可能都是坏消息。

2.医护人员或保险公司不当使用医疗记录可能会招致民事和刑事处罚。

3.尽管政府声称这些规定旨在试图平衡消费者和医疗保健行业的需求，但医生和保险公司都对此不满。

4.依据新法规的执行细则，联邦政府将加大审查力度，他们也对此不满。

5.如今，各种癌症和性传播疾病都可能得不到治疗，因为患者害怕尴尬或失去保险。

11.单选题

IfIhadacarofmyown,I（

）ittoyoursisteryesterday.

问题1选项

A.willlend

B.wouldlend

C.shouldlend

D.wouldhavelent

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知,这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词,主句应该用wouldhave+过去分词。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.

AftertheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)wasfoundedin1927,theparticularstyleofspeechoftheBBCannouncerswasrecognizedasStandardEnglishorReceivedPronunciation(RP)English.Now,mostpeoplestillconsiderthatthepronunciationanddeliveryofBBCannouncersistheclearestandmostunderstandablespokenEnglish.

Englishhashadastrongassociationwithclassandsocialstatus.However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery,andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.

Astheneedhasarisen,newwordshavebeeninventedorfoundfromotherlanguagesandincorporatedintoEnglish.Similarly,oldwordsandexpressionshavebeendiscardedastheirusefulnesshasdiminishedorthefashionshavepassed.Thisalsohappenstostylesandmodesofspeechwhichbecamefashionableataparticulartimeandinspecificcircumstances.

Bytheendofthe1960sitbecameapparentthatitwasnotnecessarytospeakStandardEnglishorevencorrectgrammartobecomepopular,successfulandrich.Thefashionablespeechofthedaywasnolongertheprerogativeofaprivilegedclassbutratheradefiantexpressionofclasslessness.

ThegreatestsingleinfluenceoftheshapingoftheEnglishlanguageinmoderntimesistheAmericanEnglish.Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.

Inthe1970s,fashionfavoredstresslesspronunciationandalanguagefullofjargon,slangand“in”words,muchofitquiteincomprehensibletotheoutsideworld.WhatisconsideredmodernandfashionableinBritaintodayisoftennotthekindofEnglishtaughtinschoolsandcolleges.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery”(Para.3)?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasatrendintheU.S.fortheyoungpeople______.

4.Theword“mid-Atlantic”inthepassage(Para.6)probablymeans______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguagehasnotchangedmuchinthiscentury.

B.TheBBCannouncersspeakStandardEnglish.

C.Englishhasnoassociationwithclassandsocialstatusnow.

D.YoungpeopleallspeakEnglishinthesameway.

问题2选项

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

D.Mostpeopledon’tbelievetheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

问题3选项

A.tospeakStandardEnglish

B.tospeakEnglishwithoutclassdistinction

C.tospeakEnglishwithclassdistinction

D.tospeakEnglishwithgrammarmistakes

问题4选项

A.AmericanandEuropean

B.AmericanandBritish

C.theAtlanticOcean

D.inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean

问题5选项

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakStandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。），说明随着英语语言有了很大的改变，英语语言的使用也同样如此。因此A选项“本世纪以来，英语的使用没有什么变化”与原文不符，本题选A。B选项“BBC的播音员说的是标准英语”，C选项“现在英语与阶级和社会地位没有关联”，D选项“年轻人都以同样的方式说英语”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B,C,D。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery（然而，自第二次世界大战以来，人们对言语势利的态度发生了相当大的变化），“言语势利”是指通过言语判断社会阶层，说明大部分人不认为标准英语有什么了不起了。因此D选项“大多数人不认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”正确。A选项“人们都像BBC播音员一样说英语”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“对如何说英语的态度有了很大的改变”，原文只说对于言语势利的态度发生了变化，所以B错误。C选项“有些人仍然认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”与原文意思相反，所以C错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.（诸如言论风格等阶级区分的标志逐渐被摒弃，尤其是在年轻一代中。），说明年轻人使用英语没有了阶级划分。因此B选项“说英语不分等级”正确。A选项“说标准英语”，C选项“说有阶级差别的英语”，D选项“说有语法错误的英语”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.（在过去的25年里，许多人使用的英语，尤其是媒体、广告和演艺界使用的英语，在风格、表达方式和口音上越来越像大西洋中部的英语。），说明美式英语对英语影响很大，前文第二段又说到BBC英式英语一直是标准英语，那么现在的英语就必定是受美式英语很大影响的英式英语，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之间。因此B选项“美国和英国”正确。A选项“美国和欧洲”，C选项“大西洋”，D选项“在大西洋的中间”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。A选项“学校里教的是标准英语”，由原文可知，标准英语就是BBC英语，学校不可能都在教BBC英语，所以A错误。B选项“年轻人拒讲标准英语因为他们是叛逆的”，由原文可知，年轻人主要是不想在讲话时显出阶级差别，事实上二战后很多人都这样，不仅是年轻人，不能根据这一点说明年轻人是叛逆的，所以B错误。C选项“在过去的25年里，英语受到美国英语的影响”，由原文可知，语言的影响是一个长期的过程，不能说在特定一段时间影响，所以C错误。D选项“本世纪以来，英语有了很大的变化”，根据文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。）可知，本世纪以来英语有了很大的变化，所以D选项正确。

13.不定项选择题

Cellphoneusehasexplodedinmanycountries,easingcommunicationbetweenindividualsbutcausingsocialuneasinessaswell.IntheindustrializedWest,cellphoneusehasleapfroggedoverconventionalphonenetworksthatreliedoncumbersometelephonelinesandexpensiveundergroundwiring.InAsiancountries,especiallypooreroneslikeCambodia,suchhighinfrastructurecostsarebeingavoidedbysimplymovingtowirelesscommunication.

However,eveninthemostmoderncountries,cellphoneusehasprovedsomewhatofanovelty,onethathasrequiredaredefinitionofsocialconventions.Theabilitytoalwaysbeconnectedwithanotherperson,nomatterwhereonetravels,’hasledtoafrictionofpersonalspaceanddifferentperceptionsonthevalueofcommunication.Today,cellphoneuserscantalktofriends,workersandfamilymemberswhilecatchingabus,walkingalongthestreetorclimbingaflightofstairs.

Butwhatofthepeoplearoundcellphoneusers?Oftenaloudcellcallinamovietheaterorarecitalhallwillbringsighsofannoyancebytheaudienceasimpatiencewithbeepingandringingincreases.Butshouldgovernmentstepintoregulatetheuseofcellphonesandrestricttheiruse?Somearguethatmarketforcesarebestsuitedtosolvingconsumerdissatisfaction.Proponentsofthisperspectivecitenewrulesinmovietheatersandconcerthallsthatrequirepatronstoturnofftheircellphonesbeforetheperformancebegins.

Others,however,seearoleforgovernmentinharnessingthisnewtechnology.Insomestates,itisnowillegaltodriveandtalkonamobilephone.Asaresponsetotheselawsandbecauseofthecomplicationsofperformingmorethanonetaskwhilespeakingonacellphone,.companieshavedevelopedheadsetssothatuserscantalk“handsfree”.Nevertheless,thissolutionhasperhapsaggravatedsocialfrictionbymakingcellphoneuseevenmoreconvenient.Manyusersarenowseentalkingtothemselves—asignnotofmentalinstability—butoftherapidexpansionofmoderntechnology.

Regardlessofprivateorpublicrestrictionsontheuseofcellphones,societystillhasalongwaytogobeforeitcantrulyacceptandadapttotheburdensofcellphoneuseonthirdparties.Onlywhendistinctsocialnormsarecreatedtodealwithcommoncellphoneusewillthetechnologybecomemoreacceptedandviewedlessasanirritant.

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.

2.Theword“leapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?

问题1选项

A.needsmorephones

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusers

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystems

D.usesmail

问题2选项

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdate

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelines

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrate

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuse

问题3选项

A.Aneutralstance.

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.

D.Ambiguousness.

问题4选项

A.anincreaseincellphonecosts

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehavior

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidents

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuse

问题5选项

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.1.第一段中柬埔寨的例子是用来代表______的一个国家。

A.needsmorephonesA.需要更多的手机

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusersB.手机用户比例高

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystemsC.使用手机来避免传统电话系统的高基础设施成本

D.usesmailD.使用邮件

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“在亚洲国家，特别是像柬埔寨这样较为贫穷的国家，只要改用无线通讯，就可以避免如此高昂的基础设施成本”，无线通讯是上文所指的手机的使用，综合理解可以推断，该段用柬埔寨举例是用来代表性地说明使用手机能避免高昂的基础设施成本，该题选择C项“使用手机来避免传统电话系统的高基础设施成本”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“需要更多的手机”，柬埔寨需要改用无线通讯，而不是需要更多无线通讯，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“手机用户比例高”，柬埔寨还在使用传统的电话网络，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D项“使用邮件”，文章没有提到邮件，该项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“leapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.2.第一段中的单词“leapfrogged”很可能意味着______。

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdateA.手机技术正在迅速过时

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelinesB.手机用户可以跳过普通电话线进行交流

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrateC.手机的使用正在迅速扩大

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuseD.手机的使用已经取代并超越了传统电话的使用

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二句“在西方工业化国家，手机的使用已经超越了（leapfrogged）传统的电话网络，后者依赖于笨重的电话线和昂贵的地下线路”，从这句话我们可知，手机的使用已经超过了传统电话网络的使用；结合第一句“在许多国家，手机的使用呈爆炸式增长……”，也就是说许多国家已经开始使用手机了，综合理解可推知，leapfrogged指的是手机的使用取代并超越了传统电话，D项“手机的使用已经取代并超越了传统电话的使用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“手机技术正在迅速过时”，是传统电话正在过时，而不是手机，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“手机用户可以跳过普通电话线进行交流”，原文没有这种表述，该项属于无中生有；

C项“手机的使用正在迅速扩大”表述不全，该项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?3.在第三段中，作者对于手机使用限制的立场是什么？

A.Aneutralstance.A.一个中立的立场。

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.B.坚决支持限制。

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.C.反对任何限制。

D.Ambiguousness.D.含混不清。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第三段，作者在该段开头抛出了一个问题，即“但是手机用户周围的人呢？”，然后就举例了手机给周围的人所带来的困扰，接着又提到了限制手机使用的支持者的观点，但是作者并未在该段表露出对于限制使用手机的明显态