考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:complement“补足”；B:implement“实施”；C:;compliment“恭维”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通过调整你的心理状态，你能在更短的时间里完成更多任务。结合句意，故D为正确答案。

3.单选题

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。

4.单选题

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

问题1选项

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。

句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。

5.单选题

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

问题2选项

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

问题3选项

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

问题4选项

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知驾驶飞机的想法令一些人反感。因此B选项“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合题意。A选项“无聊的”；C选项“令人兴奋的”；D选项“不必要的”：E选项“没有答案”。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”这类人称最早的飞机发明人莱特兄弟是冲动的傻瓜，可知一些人认为莱特兄弟做事冲动，不经思考，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”莱特兄弟对飞行的兴趣发展成一种强迫行为，因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”这种想法对莱特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知这种想法不被莱特兄弟喜欢，因此C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”旧表被及时废除，取而代之的是第一个可靠的曲面气压数据，因此B选项“使无效，失效”符合题意。

6.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项facilitates“促进，帮助，使容易”；B选项initiates“开始，创始，发起，倡议”；C选项inhibits“抑制，约束”；D选项purifies“净化，使纯净”。根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以放缓食物中腐败微生物的生长速度，正如以极为相同的方式，在巴氏灭菌法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐败作用。’C选项正确。

7.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

8.单选题

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

问题1选项

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指为某一目的聚集起来的一群人）；连队；演出团；宾客”；B选项accompaniment“伴奏；伴随物”；C选项companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多时间和你在一起的人或动物）；朋友；指南；手册”；D选项compassion“同情；怜悯”。句意：上了年纪的人总是喜欢有亲戚___。本句表达“年纪大的人喜欢有亲戚陪伴”，因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

问题1选项

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

问题2选项

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

问题3选项

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

问题4选项

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】11.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一种说法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题要求选择作者会赞同的一项，那么就要选择符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越来越大的压力，必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者认为自然资源减少不利于繁荣。第4段最后一句提到“从这种角度来看，在这个背景下，增长对地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好处”，“这个角度或背景”指的是第3段的内容，其中有一点提到“如果这意味着为了外国投资者和少数当地合作者的利益而剥夺他们土地上的矿产和树木资源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者认为，为外国投资者和少数人利益而大量开采自然资源的发展是不利于增进人民福祉的。综上所述，作者应该会赞同D选项“自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉”的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，该句提到“国民生产总值据说（supposedly）是衡量经济增长的一个指标”，根据其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定这个指标可靠，该选项表述错误，属于过度推理；

B选项“人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越来越大的压力，必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特别是再加上人口增长的话（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）。”由此可知，该句提到经济繁荣的两个威胁：日益减少的自然资源和人口增长，其中前者的影响更大，人口增长并不是主要威胁。该选项表述错误，属于本末倒置；

C选项“繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长”，同样可定位到原文第1段第3句，由该句可知，“人口增长”是因，“繁荣衰落”是果，该选项表述错误，颠倒了因果。

12.【选项释义】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.经济体系的平稳运行依赖于持续的繁荣

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.经济增长并没有加剧第三世界国家的贫困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕国家的增长是以牺牲第三世界国家为代价的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.经济增长的各个阶段不能被社会机制所取代或改变

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】本题需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一个观点“增长（growth）对经济体系的平稳运行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后举第三世界国家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多质疑。在第2段提出“会不会是经济增长，尤其是富裕国家的增长（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），导致了（hascontributed）第三世界国家的贫困，而不是进步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句说“要弄清楚这是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我们必须着眼于这种增长对第三世界国家的影响”，紧接着详细介绍了这些影响：机械化生产的产品供出口，而不是供当地消费（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；为了外国资本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剥削矿产和森林资源；沉重的外债（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。综上所述，这两段表达的观点是，在第三世界国家，有些经济增长完全是为了外国资本即富裕国家的利益，促进了富裕国家的经济发展，不仅没有增加本国人民的福祉，反而导致了劳动力资源的占用、自然资源的流失以及大量的外债。C选项“富裕国家的增长是以牺牲第三世界国家为代价的”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“经济体系的平稳运行依赖于持续的繁荣”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反驳的观点，该选项属于本末倒置；

B选项“经济增长并没有加剧第三世界国家的贫困”，与原文表述相反，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“经济增长的各个阶段不能被社会机制所取代或改变”，这两段并没有提及社会机制的问题，该选项属于无中生有。

13.【选项释义】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.关于第三世界国家的经济发展，作者实际上说的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.这些国家的人民并没有真正从中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投资不足严重影响了发展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的债务实际上使这些国家不可能进一步增长

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.这些国家的农业本应完好无损

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】由第12题的解析可知，第三世界国家的发展实际上服务于外国投资商，而本国人民并未从中受益；并且第4段最后一句说到“这种增长对地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好处”，由此可知，这种增加，对于第三世界的人民来说，不仅没有受益反而有危害，A选项“这些国家的人民并没有真正从中受益”是作者想表达的观点。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“投资不足严重影响了发展”，原文并没有提到投资不足，而是这些投资都是为了外国投资者和少数人的利益，并不是为了大众的福祉，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“沉重的债务实际上使这些国家不可能进一步增长”，原文虽然提到了沉重的债务，且这些借来的钱没有用于国家的发展，但是作者是为了说明这种发展对第三世界国家没有好处，并不是想说阻碍了发展。何况，经济并没有发展，更不存在进一步发展了。该选项属于过度推理；

D选项“这些国家的农业本应完好无损”，原文提到农业，是为了说农产品都用于出口了，并没有说农业不该机械化，该选项属于无中生有。

14.【选项释义】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎认为繁荣____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有经济增长才能实现

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在没有经济增长的情况下实现

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是对人类能力和创造力的颂扬

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在环境灾难面前是脆弱的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】本文在第1段就质疑了繁荣与增长之间的关系，第一段最后一句提到“哪个是正确的（whichiscorrect）：增长意味着繁荣，没有增长就意味着逆境，或者增长意味着逆境，没有增长就意味着……什么？”由此可以推断，作者不认为繁荣与经济增长之间存在着必然的联系。由第12题解析可知，作者在2-3段论述了“第三世界国家经济的增长就没有给本国带来繁荣”；第4段首句提到“这是一种过于简单化的说法（anoversimplification），没有一个国家是完全适用的，有的国家甚至完全不适用”，即“增长意味着繁荣”并不适用于所有国家；第5段首句提出疑问“我们需要增长来实现繁荣吗（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增长才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者虽然没有直接回答这个问题，但他给出的建议是试一试“零增长”，再结合作者前文中认为增长并不意味着繁荣推断，作者认为繁荣在没有经济增长的情况下也有可能实现。B选项“能在没有经济增长的情况下实现”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“只有经济增长才能实现”，表述错误，作者认为经济增长不一定能带来繁荣；

C选项“是对人类能力和创造力的颂扬”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，该句提到“现代经济是令人难以置信的复杂现象，这是对人类组织能力的赞扬。”原文指的是“经济的复杂性是对人类能力的赞扬”，而非繁荣，该选项属于张冠李戴；

D选项“在环境灾难面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，该句提到了“不采取行动的话（thefailuretoactcouldmean），现在的经济发展模式可能会带来威胁人类生存的环境灾难（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是说“繁荣在环境灾难面前是脆弱的”，该选项属于曲解原文。

15.【选项释义】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.对于“我们需要增长才能实现繁荣吗？”这个问题，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不确定的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】由第14题解析可得，作者认为实现繁荣不需要经济增长，即作者对“我们需要增长才能实现繁荣吗？”的答案是B选项negative“否定的”。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合作者的观点。（C、D两个选项意义一致，可以先排除。）

10.单选题

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

问题2选项

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

问题3选项

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

问题4选项

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

问题5选项

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“