考研考博-英语-安徽理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesofthetechnologiesforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990'siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.

ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbeguaranteed.

【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。

20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。

除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。

2.单选题

Ifeachrepresentativepresentheremakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe（

）morethananhour.

问题1选项

A.expanded

B.prolonged

C.delayed

D.exceeded

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

RobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.SpringwasborninEnglandin1813andarrivedinPhiladelphiain1858toopenabookstore.AtfirstheprospectedbysellinghissmallbutgenuinecollectionofearlyUSautographs.Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaforsaleandcirculation.

Forgershaveahardtimesellingtheirproducts.Aforgercan'tapproacharespectablebuyerbutmustdealwithpeoplewhodon'thavemuchknowledgeinthefield.Forgershavemanywaystomaketheirworklookreal.Forexample,theybuyoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemicals.

Inspring'stime,rightaftertheCivilWar.BritainwasstillfondoftheSouthernstates,soSpringinventedarespectablemaidenladyknownasMissFannyJackson,theonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.ForseveralyearsMissFanny'sfinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanuscriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Springhadtoworkveryhardtosatisfythedemand.AllthisactivitydidnotpreventSpringfromdyinginpoverty,leavingsharp-eyedexpertsthedifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesformtheoriginals.

1.WhydidSpringsellhisfalseautographsinEnglandandCanada?

2.AftertheCivilWartherewasagreatdemandinBritainfor（）.

3.RobertSpringspent15years（）.

4.WhowasMissFannyJackson?

5.HowdidRobertSpringstarttosellforgeries?

6.AllofthefollowingarewaysaforgerusesEXCEPT（）.

7.WecaninferthatGeneral“StonewallJackson”was（）.

8.Wecaninferthatsharp-eyedexpertsarethosewho（）.

问题1选项

A.TherewasagreaterdemandtherethaninAmerican.

B.Therewaslesschanceofbeingdetectedthere.

C.BritainwasSpring'sbirthplace.

D.ThepriceswerehigherinEnglandandCanada.

问题2选项

A.southernmoney

B.signatureofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklin

C.southernmanuscriptsandletters

D.CivilWarbattleplans

问题3选项

A.runningabookstoreinPhiladelphia

B.correspondingwithMissFannyJackson

C.asaforger

D.asrespectabledealer

问题4选项

A.TheonlydaughterofGeneral“Stonewall”Jackson.

B.Alittleknowngirlwhosoldherfather'spapertoRobertSpring.

C.RobertSpring'sdaughter.

D.AnimaginarypersoncreatedbySpring

问题5选项

A.Hediscoveredthathehadtheabilityofcopyinghandwriting.

B.Hewasalmostdyinginpoverty.

C.ThecollectionofearlyUSautographswasallsoldout.

D.Hewastryingtomakealiving.

问题6选项

A.Buyingoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage

B.treatingpaperwithchemicals

C.treatinginkwithchemicals

D.addingnewpaperintotheoldbooks

问题7选项

A.arealperson

B.animaginaryperson

C.anunknownperson

D.notageneralatall

问题8选项

A.havegoodeyesighttoreadbooks

B.arehighlyskilledatdistinguishingtheforgeriesandtheoriginals

C.haveakeeninsightintounderstandingworldaffairs

D.canseefarintothedistance

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.根据关键词“EnglandandCanada”定位到第一段最后一句“Tolessenthechanceofdetection,hesenthisforgeriestoEnglandandCanadaforsaleandcirculation.”Spring将赝品送到英国和加拿大售卖是因为被查到的机会更小,选项B符合原文。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,美国内战之后,英国人依然对南部各州情有独钟。于是Spring虚构出Jackson将军的独生女,因贫困卖掉大量属于她著名父亲的信件和手稿。所以选项C符合原文。

3.根据关键词“15years”定位到第一段第一句“RobertSpring,a19thcenturyforger,wassogoodathisprofessionthathewasabletomakehislivingfor15yearsbysellingfalsesignaturesoffamousAmericans.”19世纪的伪造者RobertSpring非常擅长自己的职业,他靠出售美国名人的假签名谋生15年。所以选项C正确。

4.根据第三段的内容以及关键词“invented”可知,FannyJackson只是Spring虚构出来的一个人物,目的是为了售卖他造假的Jackson将军的手稿和信件,所以选项D正确。

5.根据第一段倒数第二句“Discoveringhisabilityatcopyinghandwriting,hebeganimitatingsignaturesofGeorgeWashingtonandBenFranklinandwritingthemonthetitlepagesofoldbooks.”当他发现自己有抄写笔迹的能力,于是开始模仿乔治•华盛顿和本•富兰克林的签名,并把它们写在旧书的扉页上。选项A符合原文。

6.根据第二段的最后两句可知“theybuyoldbookstousetheagedpaperofthetitlepage,andtheycantreatpaperandinkwithchemicals.”他们买旧书来使用扉页的旧纸,他们可以用化学物质处理纸张和墨水。只有选项D没有提及。

7.根据第三段的内容可知,虽然FannyJackson是Spring虚构的人物,但“石墙”将军这个人是真实存在的,因为Spring所造假的手稿和信件是这位将军的,所以选项A正确。

8.根据最后一段最后一句“...leavingsharp-eyedexpertsthedifficulttaskofseparatinghisforgeriesformtheoriginals.”留给目光敏锐的专家们一项艰巨的任务:将他（Spring）的赝品与真品分开。选项B符合原文。

4.单选题

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

问题1选项

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom，not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】形容词误用。将unusual改为special。句意:我提醒他,我们要求入住的是普通间,而不是专用房，并且，当我询问我们的房间有什么特殊时,他似乎不想回答。unusual不寻常的；不平常的。special特别的；专门的。

5.单选题

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项reservedly“决然地；断然地”；B选项emphatically“着重地；强调地；断然地”；C选项determinedly“决然地；断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地发言，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所说服。根据句意，D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

问题1选项

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition“识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation“欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer与caughttheball可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。

7.单选题

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

问题1选项

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

问题2选项

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

问题3选项

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，开头提到了耳蜗植入装置使许多使用者能够在没有视觉提示的情况下进行交谈，但对于神经末梢退化或听觉神经受损的患者却没用。因此加州的研究人员正在研究一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。接下来的内容则是具体的这项新的研究，所以选项C“一种新的听觉疗法”最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.现在，加州的研究人员正准备这样做，这是一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。”原文中的“that”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.进入听觉系统的后期。”所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神经生理学家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已经在使用这种新设备的猫。”由此可知，DouglasMcCreery实际上是在展示新的设备，所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

Oneimpediment（

）thegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationisthefact（

）pronunciationislearntnaturallyandunconsciously,whileorthographyislearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.

问题1选项

A.in...which

B.of...inwhich

C.on...that

D.to…that

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配及同位语从句。Oneimpedimentto“障碍”，第二个空格后的句子是前面fact的同位语，因此由that引导。D选项符合题意。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Ibelievethateveryhumanbeinghasatalent-somethingthathecanbebetterthananyoneelse.AndIbelievethatthedistinctionbetweenso-called“creative”talentsandordinaryrun-of-the-milltalentsisanunnecessaryandman-madedistinction.Ihaveknownexterminators,typists,waitressesandmachinistswhosecreativejoyandself-fulfillmentintheirworkcouldnotbysurpassedbyShakespeare’sorEinstein’s

Ialsobelievethatintheprocessofsearching,noexperienceiseverwasted,unlessweallowourselvestorunoutofhope.InmyowncaseIhad34differentjobsbeforeIfoundtherightone.Manyofthesejobswereheartbreakinglydifficult.Afewoftheminvolvedworkingwithunscrupulousandhorriblyunpleasantpeople,yet,inlookingback,Icanseethatthemostunpleasantofthesejobs,inmanycases,givemethebiggestdividends—themostvaluablepreparationformyproperlifework.

【答案】我认为，每个人都会在某一方面比别人更有天赋。我认为没有必要去区分所谓的“创造性”天赋和普通天赋，这些不过是认为的区分。我认识的杀虫员、打字员、女服务员、机械师，他们在工作中所创造的快乐和满足感是莎士比亚和爱因斯坦都无法超越的。

我也相信在探索的过程中，任何经历都不会被浪费，除非我们允许自己放弃希望。就我自己而言，在找到合适的那份工作之前，我尝试过34份工作，其中一些工作特别艰难。少数几份工作需要和一些难以相处的人共事，但是回过头来我发现那些令人最难堪的工作给了我最丰厚的报酬—成为我正确事业生涯的最有价值的准备。

10.单选题

（

）withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.

问题1选项

A.Whencompared

B.Whilecomparing

C.Compare

D.Comparing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当与摩天大楼的高度相比吋，这座山看起来根本不高。

语法题。考查过去分词做状语。此句主语为thismountain,前半句为动词compare的过去分词做比较状语。分句中动词compare与逻辑主语thismountain之间是被动关系,故选A。

11.填空题

（1）tothelaw,（2）driversmusthavealicence.

Anyonewhodriveswithoutalicenceis（3）thelaw.

【答案】1.According

2.all

3.breaking

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根据，按照。

2.语义题。句意:所有司机都必须有驾照。

3.固定搭配。breakthelaw违法。根据句意此处需要用现在进行时。

12.单选题

Amywaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebya（

）vote.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.synonymous

C.simultaneous

D.unanimous

【答案】D

【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同义的；simultaneous同时发生的；unanimous全体一致的。句意:艾米经全体一致投票当选为委员会主席。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant（）ofAmericanlife.

问题1选项

A.facets

B.formats

C.formulas

D.fashions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项facets“方面”；B选项formats“构成”；C选项formulas“方案”；D选项fashions“风尚”。句意：这本书是关于这些基本信念和价值观如何影响美国生活的重要方面。本句表示美国生活的重要方面。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Wewatchthe（）oftheparachutesallthewayfromtheaircrafttotheground.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.spiral

C.descent

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，渗透。根据句意可知，降落伞是从飞机上降落到地上，所以选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle—ashotofnovocaine—thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.

Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves—andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.

Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.

Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsays,thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.

2.Thesentence“Butwepayforoursensitivity”inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat____________.

3.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat____________.

4.Themostimportantthingtohandlepainis____________.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspainis____________.

问题1选项

A.howtosufferpain

B.howtoavoidpain

C.howtohandlepain

D.howtostoppain

问题2选项

A.weshouldpayadebtforourfeeling

B.wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomething

C.ourpainisworthfeeling

D.whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit

问题3选项

A.Indiansarenotatallafraidofpain

B.peoplemaybesenselessofpain

C.somepeopleareabletohandlepain

D.fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms

问题4选项

A.howwelookatpain

B.tofeelpainasmuchaspossible

C.toshowaninterestinpain

D.toacceptthepainreluctantly

问题5选项

A.Pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.radical

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句Butthereisawaytohandlepain.（但有种方法可以缓解疼痛），可知下文的内容在讲如何缓解疼痛，故C选项“如何缓解疼痛”正确，A选项“如何承受疼痛”和D选项“如何停止疼痛”：文章没有提到，故错误。B选项“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是讲到通过打针避免疼痛，但这不是主要内容，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第二段倒数第二句Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.（当我们身体的任何部位出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身体部位的情况，故D选项“我们感到疼痛时，代表我们的身体正在承受疼痛”正确。A选项“我们应该为我们的感觉偿还债务”：句意不通，故错误。B选项“如果我们有感觉就会受伤”：有感觉和受伤没有因果关系，故错误。C选项“我们的疼痛值得感受”：文章没有提到疼痛是否值得，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.（保持放松，把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待，我们就能处理疼痛而不会崩溃。），可知个人对于疼痛的承受力可以改变，苦行僧就是一个例子，故C选项“有些人能够承受疼痛”正确。A选项“印度人一点也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故错误。B选项“人们可能对痛苦毫无知觉”：上文说到我们的身体出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛，故错误。D选项“苦行僧有把针穿过他们手臂的魔法”：这不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他们对疼痛的耐受力比较高。没有提到。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.（在忍受痛苦的过程中，最重要的是我们对它的态度。），可知我们如何看待疼痛是最重要的，故A选项“我们如何看待疼痛”正确。B选项“尽可能多地感受疼痛”：文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“对疼痛感兴趣”：文中说的是treatingthepainasaninterestingsensation（把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待），而不是对疼痛本身感兴趣，故错误。D选项“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根据文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故错误。因此A选项正确。

5.观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.（毕竟，虽然疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它仍然是一种感觉，而感觉是生命的组成部分。），可知作者对疼痛持正向包容态度，认为疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的坏事，故B选项“乐观的”正确。A选项“悲观的”，C选项“激进的”和D选项“讽刺的”都不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescencewasfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietywithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofoneslife.Furthermorethelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatus,roles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhaspayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultright.Attheageofsixteentheadolescenceisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreasehissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver'slicenseliecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.AttheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrightsTheyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontacts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermaturitystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointsadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause（）

2.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto（）.

3.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis（）.

4.Startingfrom22（）.

5.Accordingtothispassage,itisTUREthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

问题2选项

A.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

B.socialrecognition

C.socio-economicstatus

D.certainbehavioralchanges

问题3选项

A.elevenyearsold

B.sixteenyearsold

C.twenty-oneyearsold

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

问题4选项

A.onewillobtainmorebasicrights

B.theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

C.onewon'tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

D.onewillenjoymorerightgrantedbysociety

问题5选项

A.Inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted

B.noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one

C.oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver'slicense

D.oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“whileinindustrialsocietywithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlonger.”由于教育时间较长,法律又禁止童工,所以青春期要长得多。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的三四句“Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,...”社会仪式已经被一系列的步骤所取代,即从小学,高中和大学的毕业这一系列步骤。选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的后半部分“Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.”在21岁时,个人作为成年人获得了完全的合法权利。选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的倒数第二句“Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermaturitystatushasbeenattained.”当达到成熟的年龄段,不再有12-21岁享有的这些基本权利。选项C符合原文。

5.根据原文可知选项B,C,D均错误,根据第一段的最后一句“ExamplesofthistypeofchangearedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,”所以选项A在19世纪末的美国,青春期和成年期之间的分界线已不复存在,符合原文。

17.单选题

Thisshouldbea（）foryou,weallknowyouwillfinishitintime.

问题1选项

A.cakehole

B.cakewalk

C.catchall

D.catcall

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cakehole“嘴巴”；B选项cakewalk“步态竞赛，一种步态舞，易如反掌之事”；C选项catchall“装杂物的容器，总受器，分沫器”；D选项catcall“嘘声，不满之声，喝倒彩”。句意：这对你来说应该是轻而易举的事，我们都知道你会按时完成的。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Evensensiblemendo（）thingssometimes.

问题1选项

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.acute

D.apt

【答案】B

【解析】abrupt生硬的，唐突的；absurd荒谬的，可笑的；acute严重的，激烈的；apt恰当的，灵敏的。句意：即使明智的人有时也会做荒唐的事。选项B符合语境。

19.单选题

Masonregrettedhavingspentsomuchtimeplayingwhenhe________forthefinal.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavestudied

B.hadstudied

C.wastostudy

D.muststudy

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词用法。句子意思：梅森后悔在（）期末作业的时候花了这么多时间玩耍。A选项，情态动词+完成时表示的是“本……而没有做”，比如wouldhavedone表示“将要做……而没有做成”，shouldhavedone“本应该做但是没有做”，根据题干的语境来说正确答案选A；B是过去完成时，强调事情在过去已完成，如果在玩之前梅森已经复习了就不会后悔了，所以B不选；C选项是将来时的过去式，表示在过去的时间打算要做某事，带入句子中，梅森在打算复习期末考试的时候后悔花了很多时间玩耍，逻辑不通；D选项梅森在必须复习期末考试的时候后悔花了很多时间玩耍，虽然句意是对的，但是我们主句的时态是过去时但是D选项是现在时，所以D选项错误。

20.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

王毅表示，我们对美国有可能在韩部署萨德（THAAD）反导系统的动向表示严重关切。萨德反导系统覆盖范围，特别是其X波段雷达（X-Bandradar）监测范围远远超出半岛防卫需求，深入亚洲大陆腹地，不仅将直接损害中国的战略安全利益，也将损害本地区其他国家的安全利益。

【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.

21.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecause