考研考博-英语-安徽公安职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽公安职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的”；B选项perfunctory“敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的”；C选项symbolic“象征的；符号的；使用符号的”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：为缓解鸡的污染问题，专家们建议政府把检查重点从走马观花式的肉眼检查改为进行更为______的对细菌和化学污染进行随机取样检查。根据shift“改变”可知，横线处应填一个与cursory“粗略的”意思相反的词。且由检查重点从肉眼检查到改进为对细菌和化学污染随机取样检查，可知检查推向深入，较以前更加严格，A选项rigorous“严格的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothepublic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand,hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearnfromhim.

Whatvisualartistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeoutbutdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiencesintoshapesandcolors,notwords.Theyseemtofeelthatacertainselectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountlessbillionspossible,isexceptionallyinterestingforthemandworthshowingtous.Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.

Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnatureandfromhumanbodiesinmotionandrepose(静止).Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosestopaintaninjuredlegandanotheralakeinmoonlight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentiontoacertainaspectoftheworld.Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething,allofwhichmeansthat,consciouslyorunconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.

1.Withouttheartist’swork,thepublicmightnot（）.

2.Anartist’schoiceofshapesandcolorsindicatesthathebelievesthemtobe（）.

3.Contemporaryartistsoftenthinktheirchoiceofsubject（）.

4.Thewritersaysthatcontemporaryartcontains（）.

5.Comparedwithapainterofunpleasantsubjectsapainterwhodrawsalakeinmoonlightis（）.

问题1选项

A.noticeparticularshapesorcolors

B.seetheshapesandcolorsthatexpresshisexperience

C.feelhisdelightinshapesandcolors

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.calm

B.worthlookingat

C.delightful

D.moving

问题3选项

A.carriesnomessagetothepublic

B.providesaninterestingangle

C.hasnopatternorform

D.teachesthepublicimportanttruths

问题4选项

A.nothingmeaningful

B.uninterestingaspectsoftheworld

C.subjectschosenpartlyfortheirmeaning

D.completelymeaninglesssubjects

问题5选项

A.conveyingmoremeaning

B.pointingtosomethingdifferent

C.moreskilled

D.communicatingless

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.如果没有他们的作品，我们就不会注意到这些特殊的形状和颜色，也不会体会到他们给艺术家带来的快乐。”以及第二段前面也提及，画家把他们的经验转化成形状和颜色，由此可知，选项A、B、C均正确。所以本题选D。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.他们的选择表明世界的这些方面是值得一看的，它们包含着美丽的风景。”选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.当代艺术家可能会说，他们只是选择了能提供一种有趣模式的主题，而没有更多的内容。”选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据第三段最后一句“Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.然而，即使是他们也不会完全不参照他们主题的特点而做出选择。”由此可推断，作者认为当代艺术的主题选择部分是为了它们的意义。选项C符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一个自然段的内容“如果一个画家选择画一条受伤的腿，另一个选择画月光下的湖，每一个画家都在把我们的注意力引向世界的某个方面。每个画家都在告诉我们一些东西，向我们展示一些东西，强调一些东西，所有这一切都意味着，有意识或无意识地，他在试图教我们一些东西。”也就是说，不同的画家画出不同的东西，他们所表达的意义也是不同的，所以选项B正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

3.单选题

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

问题1选项

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项air“空气，大气”；B选项mood“情绪，气氛”；C选项area“区域，地区”；D选项climate“气候，风气，思潮，风土”。air指自然界中的环境氛围。mood侧重人的情绪。area侧重地理位置的区域，地区。句意为：当前的经济形势，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知识。故正确答案选D。

4.单选题

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

问题1选项

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agony“苦恼，极度痛苦”；B选项ache“疼痛”；C选项ailing“不适，困扰”；D选项ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司机因为撞倒了那个女孩而感到极度悲痛。选项A更符合语境。

5.单选题

Noneofstudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing（）ofeverythingtheydo.

问题1选项

A.emotional

B.optimistic

C.interested

D.critical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。

6.单选题

Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.

问题1选项

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appoint“任命；指定”；B选项name“命名；指定”；C选项nominate“推荐；提名”；D选项elect“选举；选择”。句意：这个女孩以她祖母的名字……为朱莉娅。此处是说的起名，B选项name正确。

7.单选题

Pickadiseaseatrandom,andthechancesarethatfemalesandmaleswillhandlethepain_______withitdifferently.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.combined

C.associated

D.compared

【答案】A

【解析】connect连接,联合;combine使联合,使结合;associate联想，使联合；compare比较,匹敌。句意：随机选择一种疾病，很可能女性和男性会以不同的方式处理与之相关的疼痛。选项A符合句意。

8.问答题

FromitsorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthroughtheeighteenthand

A

B

nineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularintheUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In

C

D

1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationappearedinnewspapersandmagazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewtheirportraitsofimportantfiguresprimarilytoentertain.

【答案】试题答案：C;countries

【解析】考查名词单复数。由“theeighteenthandnineteenth（十八世纪和十九世纪）可知此处对应的名词应用复数形式”，country的复数形式为countries。

9.单选题

Mary（）thedocumentcarefullytomakesurethattherewerenoerrorsinit.

问题1选项

A.scrutinized

B.overlooked

C.skipped

D.disregarded

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。scrutinized详细检查；overlooked忽略、检查；skipped跳读；disregarded忽视。句意：玛丽仔细检查了文件以确保没有错误。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Themanagementshouldgive（

）totheworkers,safetyoperationovereveryotherconsideration.

问题1选项

A.precedence

B.coherence

C.affluence

D.coincidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。precedence“优先”；coherence“一致，连贯性”；affluence“富裕，丰富”；coincidence“巧合”。根据句意“工人的安全操作问题”应该是管理层优先考虑的问题，所以选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意为“知识产权”。

句意：人们越来越了解到保护知识产权的必要性。

12.单选题

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.

问题1选项

A.theeffectsofwhich

B.theeffectsofit

C.finally

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。itwas...that是强调句型，强调是thedrug而不是thedisease，notthedisease是插入语，去掉itwas...that，句子仍然成立，thedrugkilledhimtwoyearsago。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Thereisnopoint（

）thegame,unlessyoupracticeeveryday.

问题1选项

A.tolearntoplay

B.bylearningtoplay

C.inlearningtoplay

D.havinglearnedtoplay

【答案】C

【解析】句意:除非你天天练习，不然学玩游戏是没有意义的。

考查固定搭配。Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事没意义。

14.单选题

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

问题1选项

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构：从句与主句之间有逗号隔开，独立存在，去掉了也不会影响整个句子的意思，所以这里用的是非限定定语从句。句意：海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好，当然这使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好这个事情，所以本题的正确选项是B选项。

15.单选题

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

问题1选项

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

问题2选项

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

问题3选项

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

问题4选项

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

问题5选项

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B“嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交谈者的语气有意或者无意地表达出直观的同情或反感，冷漠或感兴趣，疲劳、紧张、热情或激动等等。选项B“语气可能带着超越言语意思的信息”符合题意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公开表演是一种高度专业的交流方式，需要通过声音的技巧或手势来取得所需要的效果，题目中artistic,political等都属于这一类公开表演。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通过语气来表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑衅、友好等等，这些都是个性的特点。选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that（）welltohumanneeds.

问题1选项

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。adheres坚持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies满足，使满意；reflects反射，考虑。句意：电子邮件是方便的、高度大众化的用于传递信息的非正式媒介，它（）人们的需求。从语义上来说，B项和C项都可以,但是satisfy是及物动词，排除。conformto意为“符合，遵照，顺应”，因此正确答案是B选项。

17.单选题

Thenumberof500isa(n)（）numberfor498or503.

问题1选项

A.odd

B.round

C.long

D.even

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项oddnumber“奇数”；B选项roundnumber“整数”；C选项longnumber“多位数”；D选项evennumber“偶数”。题干中需知道数字500与498和503的关系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整数。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Thegreat（）betweentheteamsdidnotmakeforanentertaininggame.

问题1选项

A.disparity

B.discomfit

C.discretion

D.dislocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项disparity“明显差异”；B选项discomfit“使难堪”；C选项discretion“自行决定权；审慎”；D选项dislocation“（制度、进程、生活方式）紊乱”。句意：两队之间的巨大（）并没有使比赛变得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因为两个团队的巨大差异让比赛有看点的场景。因此A选项正确。

19.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大学的功能

2.大学是否实现了目标

3.如何改进

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

20.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

21.单选题

Manyimportantmistakeshavebeenescaping（）,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlostasaresult.

问题1选项

A.detection

B.commission

C.compensation

D.precaution

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。detection察觉，发觉；commission委任，佣金；compensation补偿，报酬；precaution预防，警惕。错误应该是被发现，选项A符合句意。句意：许多重要的错误都没有被发觉，因此损失了很多钱。

22.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使……缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声……在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。

23.单选题

Aseducationallevelsriseandinformationtechnologyaccelerates,thedistinctionbetween"managers"and"workers"will（

）andmanagementknowledgewillbeeveryone'sresponsibility.

问题1选项

A.fadeaway

B.passaway

C.slipaway

D.washaway

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。fadeaway意为“消失，衰弱”；passaway意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slipaway意为“悄没声息地溜走”；washaway意为“冲走，清洗”。

句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任。

24.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一项研究中，研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听，然后将每一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关——最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。

2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情；和所爱的人保持亲密，不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。

3.在一系列的实验中，心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。

4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。

5.但是那些被认为“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜欢的节日，变成亲密的交流。作者总结说，一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧，pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。

25.单选题

Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehe（）ameeting.

问题1选项

A.willbehaving

B.wouldhave

C.wouldbehaving

D.willhave

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。A选项willbehaving，will/shallbedoingsth为将来进行时结构，表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。例句：Wewillbehavingameetingtodecidewhattodo.（我们将开会决定该做什么。）B选项wouldhave，woulddosth为一般过去将来时结构，表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。例句：Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained.（她告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。）C选项wouldbehaving，should/wouldbedoing为过去将来进行时结构，表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例句：Theysaidtheywouldbecoming.（他们说他们会来的。）D选项willhave，will/shalldosth为一般将来时结构，表示将来某一时段的动作或状态。例句：Hewillgetmarried.（他就快结婚了。）在本题中，said为过去时，也就是他过去表示他不能去的原因是他过去将要开会，所以本题应该选择过去将来时。句意：他说他不能来的原因是要开会。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

26.单选题

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

问题1选项

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项ifonly“如果”；B选项until“直到……才”；C选项incase“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。

27.单选题

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

问题1选项

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concentrate“集中；浓缩”；B选项atrophy“萎缩；虚脱”；C选项condense“使浓缩；使压缩”；D选项astrogate“操纵；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎缩或失去弹性，但是它们不能变成脂肪。并列连词or连接空格处和“失去弹性”，因此此题选B。

28.单选题

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

问题1选项

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

问题2选项

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

问题3选项

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

问题4选项

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

问题5选项

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨思想题。根据第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作为生物体要保持热量的平衡，之后的段落主要说明植物是如何保持热量平衡的。所以本文主要围绕植物吸收与散发热量的平衡来展开说明。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第三段的内容可知，只要北极植物靠近地面，就能平衡热量收支，如果北极植物过高，则会受到北极风的影响，从而无法从太阳吸收足够的热量。所以，北极植物长得矮主要是受北极的风影响，选项C正确。

第3题:信息推断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脱水就不能通过蒸发来冷却自己。选项D符合原文。

第4题:细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有选项C没有提及。

第5题:信息判断题。根据第四段的内容可知选项A指的是沙漠植物而不是北极植物；根据倒数第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知选项B正确；选项C描述的是北极植物；根据最后一段的第一句可知，不同地区的植物与季节相关，所以选项D也错误。

29.单选题

Leo.Tolstoywas（）asthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.

问题1选项

A.saluted

B.estimated

C.scaled

D.measured

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项salute“敬礼，致敬”；B选项estimate“估计，判断”；C选项scale“测量，攀登”；D选项measure“测量，估量”。句意“列夫•托尔斯泰被誉为20世纪最伟大的作家。”选项A符合语境。

30.单选题

Itiswellknownthatthepopularsingerhasa/an()carinadditiontoalargehouse.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.incredible

C.believable

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】credible可靠的，可信的；incredible难以置信的，惊人的；believable可信的；inherent固有的，遗传的，与生俱来的。句意：众所周知，这位流行歌手除了有一所大房子外，还有一辆好车。选项B符合句意。

31.单选题

Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudesthatchangediachronicallyinresponsetonewscientificandmedicaldiscoveries.Historically,doctorsdefinedadiseaseaccordingtoaclusterofsymptoms,andastheirclinicaldescriptionsbecamemoresophisticatedtheystartedtoclassifydiseasesintoseparategroups,sothatfromthismedicaltaxonomycamenewinsightsintodiseaseetiology.Beforethe20thcentury,schizophreniaandsyphiliticinsanityweretreatedasthesamedisease,butbyearly1900itbecameevidentthatpsychoseswithoutassociateddementiarepresentedaseparatediseaseforwhichthetermschizophreniawasthencoined.Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyrem