考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

问题1选项

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词组辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“构成；编造”；makeoff“匆忙离开”；makeout“理解；辨认”。句意：...原因在于将不同类型的对象统一起来并不能够有助于简化。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。

3.单选题

Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.

问题1选项

A.dealwith

B.takeon

C.seekout

D.escapefrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项dealwith“涉及，处理”；B选项takeon“呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）”；C选项seekout“搜出，找出”；D选项escapefrom“逃脱”。从句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格处应填入一个谓语动词，其宾语为color，故B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：变色龙是一种爬行动物，它可以呈现周围环境的颜色，因此不容易被看见。

4.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

5.单选题

Itwasreally（）ofyoutoremembermybirthday.

问题1选项

A.grateful

B.considerate

C.considerable

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项grateful“感谢的，令人愉快的”；B选项considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，例句：I’vealwaysunderstoodoneshouldtryandbeconsiderateofotherpeople.（我一直认为一个人应该尽量为他人着想。）；C选项considerable“相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的”，例句：Hebroughttothejobnotjustconsiderableexperiencebutpassionateenthusiasm.（他不仅给这一工作带来了不少经验，而且倾注了极大的热情。）；D选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”。句意：你还记得我的生日，真是太体贴了。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

6.单选题

Thecompanycanconstantlymonitorthelevelofheatandenergyandadjust（）.

问题1选项

A.accordingly

B.basically

C.conventionally

D.subjectively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项accordingly“相应地”；B选项basically“基本地”；C选项conventionally“传统地”；D选项subjectively“主观地”。题干意思：公司可以不间断地监控热量和能源的指数，并且（）进行调整。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

VisitorstoEnglandsometimesfindthelackofpublicactivitiesintheevenings（

）.

问题1选项

A.depressed

B.depression

C.depressing

D.depressingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前往英格兰的游客有时会因为缺乏晚上的公共活动而感到沮丧。

语法题。考查宾语补语。空格处应填入形容词作宾语“缺乏晚上的公共活动”的补语,排除B,D。depressed沮丧的;depressing令人沮丧的。故C符合句意。

8.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide,thusitcanavoidheavylosses.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。

考查名词辨析。appliance器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory配件，附件，［法］从犯，（衣服的）配饰；machine机械；mechanism机制，机械装置。因此D符合句意。

9.单选题

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_______wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。pickup“买到，获得”；bumpinto“无意中遇到，碰到”；pileup“积累，堆放起来”；bringback“拿回来”。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

问题1选项

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。后面的从句中缺少主谓，故C项符合题意。句意：太阳系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然卫星，它们是那些围绕行星旋转的物体。

11.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.当然，他们找不到哪怕一点证据表明以上的伤害与失去政府援助给穷人造成的伤害有任何可比性。

2.第三个，也是与此密切相关的，旨在减轻我们对穷人的责任的设计，是公共援助措施对激励产生不利影响的论点。

3.您真的相信我们这个时代的大人物们，比如说公司的法人或者总经理，会因为赚的少而整日游手好闲，不思工作吗？这是对美国商人，特别是努力工作的商人们的诽谤。信念可以是真理的仆从，也可以是便利的仆从。

4.无可争辩的是，没有任何一种对人的压迫和对思想努力的束缚更甚于来自身无分文的压迫和束缚。

5.我们常听到当富人抱怨他们的自由因征税导致收入减少而受限，却不曾听到因为得到可花之钱而显著提高了穷人的自由的消息。

12.单选题

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonotcountenancesuchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatmentsinstead.

问题1选项

A.relyingon

B.envisioning

C.eschewing

D.turningfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。relyon依靠，依赖；envision想象，预想；eschew避免，避开；turnfrom对······感到厌恶。句意：尽管很多人利用顺势疗法治疗健康问题，另外一些人并不满意于这样的替代治疗，相反他们依赖于传统的医疗方法。由前后句关系可知，A项符合题意。

13.单选题

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto（

）.

问题1选项

A.getup

B.getalong

C.getacross

D.getdown

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语。getup“起床”；getalong“相处，进展”；getacross“使……被理解”；getdown“从…下来，使沮丧”。句意：尽管我努力解释地足够清楚了，但是我的解释似乎不能被理解。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是somethingbeautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。

5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paperplates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。

15.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻译为：我们不会回到美国国会公开担心低等种族会玷污美国人的血统的时期。因此答案为A选项：他们是低等的民族。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻译为：这些新移民没有理由不应该有着同样的成功。知B项“他们可以如自己的前辈那样做的一样好”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻译为：泰勒担心，墨西哥裔美国人可能注定跟随美国黑人的步伐，即社区中的那个较大的部分可能变得陷入一个似乎永久的贫困和低成就的状态中。因此，D选项“他们可能永远是贫穷且成就低的”最符合题意。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词newimmigrants定位到原文倒数第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻译为：我们也应该就同化、如何确保曾经的外来者在这些地区不会永远的处于被边缘化而提出一些更加广泛的问题。故C最符合题意。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位倒数第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻译为：但是，我们也还没有学到如何让美国化进程适应所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻译为：那是一个大的问题……可以得知B项“如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会”最为符合。

16.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Acold.

B.Aheadache.

C.Ahoarsevoice.

D.Insomnia.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Haveyougotacold?

M:Nope,I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】细节题。男士说：I’mhoarsebecauseIhavn’tgotenoughsleeplatelyandhavebeensingingalotKTV(我嗓子嘶哑，因为近期睡眠不好，并且唱多了卡拉OK)。

17.单选题

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

问题1选项

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A项derivefrom“源出，来自”，B项leadto“导致”，C项concurwith“同意”，D项benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天气预报的成功源于应用科学而非纯科学。根据句意该题选A。

18.单选题

Listeningisasimportantastalking.Ifyouareagoodlistener,peopleoften____youforbeingagoodconversationist.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.compliment

C.compel

D.complain

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义与形近词辨析。A选项complement“补足，补助”；B选项compliment“恭维；称赞”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项complain“抱怨；控诉”。句意：听和说同样重要。如果你善于聆听，人们通常也会____你善于交谈。根据第一句“听和说同样重要”推断，会听的人也会说，B选项compliment“恭维；称赞”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

19.单选题

Agoodwayto（

）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

问题1选项

A.require

B.acquire

C.inquire

D.sustain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。require“需要”；acquire“获得，取得；学到”；inquire“询问，查究”；sustain“维持，支撑”。句意：学习一种语言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一样居住在那个国家。选项B符合题意。

20.案例题

Touristsareguilty,sowearefrequentlytold,ofanumberofcrimes:upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas,parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries,wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame,debauchingthelocalpeasantryandgenerallyloweringthetoneofeverywheretheychoosetosettheirbenightedfeet.Rarelyhasagroupofpeoplebeensowidelyreviled,andIamoneofthem.Soareyou.I'vebeenatouristinProvenceforabout15yearsnowoftenonthereceivingendofcriticismormildabusefrompeoplewhoaccusemeofhaving"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.Curiously,thesecomplaints,whicharesometimesoffensiveandinvariablyveryshrill,donotcomefromtheProvencethemselves,whoseemtoregardmeasafairlybenevolentoddity,butfrommyfellowtourists.

FromtheirvantagepointsinLondonorBrusselsorBoston,theydeplorewhattheysayhashappenedtoProvence.Theyknow,frominvestigationscarriedoutduringtheirbriefannualvacations,thatProvencehaschanged.Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,bakersrunoutofbread,waitersrunoutofpatience,thereisnowheretoparkandnobody—butnobody—canbefoundtofixaleakingpool.

MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsagowiththearrivalofGreeksfromPhocea,whofoundedMarseille.Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.Thencameabadpatch,withthearrivalofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranks.Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.Here,perhaps,iswhereithaditsstart:thereputationoftouristsasslobs.

Aftermanyyearsofon-the-spotobservation,Iwouldliketoputinagoodwordforthismuch-malignedspecies.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthesevisitorsareamiableandconsideratepeoplewhowantnothingmorethanquietenjoyment.TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.Ofcoursetherearecrowds,particularlyinJulyandAugust,butthesetendtobeconfinedtothetownsandpostcardvillages.Forthosewhowantsolitude,beautifulandemptycountrysideisonlyashortdriveaway.

Personally,Ihaveneverfoundthetouristseasonintolerable;indeed,thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.Ifitweren'tforthemoneythattourismbrings,manyofthechateauxandgardensopentothepublicwouldbecomederelict;monumentswouldbelefttocrumble;manyrestaurantscouldneversurviveonlocalcustomalone;itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.Rurallifewouldbethepoorer.

Obviously,thisisnottrueeverywhere.Somepartsoftheworldhavebeensothoroughlyoverexploitedthattheyhavelostwhatevercharmtheyoncepossessed.Thisisusuallytheresultoflocalgreed;butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Touristsarefrequentlycriticized(1)theecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayasand(2)chewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumandartgalleries.Theyarealsoblamedfortheir(3)whilevisitingNotreDame.MyfellowtouristshavereviledmeforhavingdestroyedProvence(4).Theyhavemadealotofcomplains(5).Forinstance,therehavebeenthebusiermarkets,higherprices,(6)restaurants,cafetablesandparkinglots,(7)emptybakeriesandimpatientwaiters.Yet,Provencebegan(8)over2,600yearsago.ThelocalswelcomedGreeks(9),andRomans(10),viaductsandamphitheaters.ButthoseofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranksbroughtthetouristsinto(11)byterrifyingtheinhabitantsand(12).Accordingmyobservation,Iwouldliketosayafewwords(13)thosemuchblamedtourists.Mostofthemareamiableandconsiderate,andtheycamemostlytothetownsandpostcardvillagesinProvenceinJulyandAugustjustforsunshine,(14),thefood,thewine,apleasantbreakfromreallife.IbelieveProvencehasbeen(15)totourism(16)thechateaux,gardensandmonuments,and(17)concertsandvillagefetesinthedistricts.Butusuallythetouristis(18)theblame(19)and(20)insomepartsoftheworld.

A.spectacularscenery

B.fortheholdingof

C.nottomention

D.grateful

E.thesmearingof

F.basedontheirownperspectives

G.itsmassivetourism

H.bywritingaboutit

I.ravagingthecountryside

J.fortheirspoilageof

K.shouldered

L.fortheoverexploitation

M.amiableandconsiderate

N.highoccupancyof

O.forthesurvivalof

P.thelostcharm

Q.poorbehavior

R.forthemonuments

S.disrepute

T.fortheircivilizinginfluence

【答案】1.J

2.E

3.Q

4.H

5.F

6.N

7.C

8.G

9.T

10.R

11.S

12.I

13.M

14.A

15.D

16.O

17.B

18.K

19.L

20.P

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“...upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas.”游客经常被批评，因为破坏了喜马拉雅山的生态平衡。所以，填空处为“fortheirspoilageof”，指损坏，糟蹋。

2.根据第一段的第一句“...parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries.”在博物馆和艺术画廊的长椅下放口香糖。所以，空格处应填"thesmearingof”，指弄脏。

3.根据“wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame.”可知，空格处应填“poorbehavior”，指不雅的行为。

4.根据第一段的倒数第二句“I'vebeenatouristinProvence...having"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.”我在普罗旺斯做了大约15年的游客，现在经常受到一些人的批评或轻微的辱骂，他们指责我通过写有关普罗旺斯的文章“毁了”这个地区。所以,空格处应填“bywritingaboutif”。

5.根据第一段的最后一句可知,他们的抱怨不是来自于普罗旺斯人,而是基于游客自己的观点。所以,空格处应填”basedontheirownperspectives”。

6.根据第二段的第三句“Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,...”市场更加拥挤，物价上涨，餐馆客满，阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人。所以,空格处应填“highoccupancyof"。

7.根据第二段的内容可知,市场更加拥挤,物价上涨,餐馆客满,阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人，更不用说卖空了的面包店和不耐烦的服务员。nottomention指更不用说。

8.根据第三段的第一句“MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsago...”可知，填空处应填“itsmassivetourism”。

9.根据第三段的第二句“Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.”希腊人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们对文明产生了影嘛并为当地人提供了工作。所以，空格处应填“fortheircivilizinginfluence”。

10.根据第三段的第二句“SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.”罗马人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们建造了纪念碑、高架桥和圆形剧场。所以，空格处应填“forthemonuments”。

11.根据第三段的最后两句可知，西哥特人、东哥特人和法兰克人以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。也许游客声誉受损就是从这里开始的。所以，空格处应填“disrepute”，odisrepute意为“使某人声誉扫地,使某人声名狼籍"。

12.据第三段的倒数第二句“Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.”可知，他们以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。所以，空格处应填“ravagingthecountryside”。

13.根据第四段的一二句可知，绝大多数的旅游者都是友好的，而且是考虑周到的。所以，空格处应填“amiableandconsiderate”。

14.根据第四段的第三句“TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.”他们来到普罗旺斯是为了享受阳光和壮丽的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受与现实生活的愉快休憩。所以应填“spectacularscenery"。

15.根据第五段的第一句“thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.”普罗旺斯应该对旅游业表示感谢。所以，空格处应填“grateful”。

16.根据第五段的内容可知，如果不是旅游业为普罗旺斯带来的经济效益，这里就会百业凋零。所以，空格处应填“forthesurvivalof"。

17.根据第五段的倒数第二句“...itwouldn'tbeworthputtingon