考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

问题2选项

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

问题3选项

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

问题4选项

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

问题5选项

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:语义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人们对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少，越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“结婚”，因此D项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:夫妻能牢固他们的爱情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一种积极的经历，日后会巩固婚姻，但也可以是结束一段关系的事情)。因此A项不正确。B:夫妻可以了解谁更擅长做家务。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通过同居，夫妻可以解决这些责任分配的不平衡…)，此说法并不能推断出B项，因此B项错误。C:夫妻能为他们的婚姻存一些钱。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他们会互相依赖对方的储蓄和消费方式。通过削减开支，人们不仅学会了如何控制每个人的钱袋，而且学会了如何相互讨论财务问题)。由此可知C项不正确。D:一对夫妻可以亲密地了解彼此。根据题干关键词livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很难亲密地了解对方)，因此D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不道德的，但事实上，夫妻们正在通过同居来扩展关系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居不合适，但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)。由此可知A项“不道德也不合适”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:与过去相比，现在人们更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少，越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)。因此A项正确。B:家务琐事会给婚姻带来麻烦。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家务责任的划分可能是新婚夫妇的一个大事)。因此B项正确。C:爱是美满婚姻的保证。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使两个人彼此相爱，喜欢共度时光，但真正的问题是，你们能一起生活吗？)。因此C项与原文不符且过于绝对。D:新婚夫妇经常面临许多生活不平衡的问题。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(这似乎是一个小问题，但是有多少女人和男人从来没有想过他们会是唯一做饭、洗碗、吸尘、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除尘等的人)。因此D项正确。

第5题:观点态度题。体现作者观点态度的句子可参考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不合适的，但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)，因此B项“婚前同居是一个应该被尊重的选择”正确。

2.单选题

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

问题1选项

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项hangon“坚持下去，握住不放”，尤指不挂上电话以等待想要的或要求的事物；B项holdto“坚持，紧握”，指坚持某个看法或路线；C项taketo“喜欢，开始从事”，D项seeto“注意，负责”。根据关键词originalplan“原来的计划”结合前半句句子意思“在考虑了各种替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“坚持”，所以只有B项符合语境。句意：考虑了各种可选择的方案后，我们决定坚持原来的计划。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

Thelawyerbrowbeatthewitnessintoconfessinghehadseenthecrimecommitted.

问题1选项

A.talked

B.forced

C.caressed

D.intimidated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：律师恫吓证人承认他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意为恫吓，吓唬。只有选项D与之意思相近。

4.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以选项C正确。

5.单选题

Theselfishpeoplearemainly（）withwhattheycanpersonallygetoutoftheorganization.

问题1选项

A.impervious

B.concerned

C.scandalous

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:自私的人主要关心自己个人能从组织中得到什么东西。

考查形容词辨析。impervious不受影响的，无动于衷的，不能渗透的；concerned有关的，关心的；scandalous可耻的；suspicious可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。Beconcernedwith关心…。故选B。

6.单选题

Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.

问题1选项

A.pleaded

B.intoxicated

C.intimidated

D.besieged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项plead“借口，为……辩护，托称”，B项intoxicate“（酒或毒品）（使）麻醉，（使）中毒”，C项intimidate“恐吓，威胁，胁迫”，D项besiege“围困，包围，烦扰”。由kidnappers“绑匪”可知，空格处填入“恐吓”符合语境。句意：孩子的父母受到恐吓而接受了绑架者的要求。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

问题2选项

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

问题3选项

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

问题4选项

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

问题5选项

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.现在，一份解雇通知书、一个糟糕的诊断，或者配偶的消失，都可能在几个月内把一个稳定的中产阶级家庭变成一个新的贫困家庭。”由此可知C选项“他们更容易受家庭经济情况变化的影响”正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在过去一年的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为储蓄账户模式，即退休人员将他们的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根据投资回报进行交易。”由此可知B选项“不安全的薪酬”正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.医疗保健的绝对成本和家庭承担的份额都上升了，而且新流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构蔓延到沃尔玛员工，免赔额大大提高，家庭未来医疗保健的投资风险也增加了。”由此可知D选项“增加家庭的投资风险”正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影响已经开始，政治方面的影响可能也不远了。”由此可知C选项“经济问题可能会带来政治问题”正确。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章讲述美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变，面临着一系列危机，由此可判断B项“中产阶级在悬崖上”符合题意。

8.单选题

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ultimate“最终的，极限的”；B选项utmost“极度的，最远的”；C选项superior“上级的，优秀的，出众的”；D选项supreme“最高的，极大的”。句意：众所周知，教皇是罗马天主教会的最高领袖。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Inprotest,blacksand（）whitessatatthecountersoftheserestaurantsandrefusedtomoveuntiltheywereserved.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.indifferent

C.influential

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。sensible"明智的,合情理的";indifferent"不关心的,冷淡的,中立的";influential"有影响的,有权势的";sympathetic"同情的，赞同的"。句意：在抗议活动中,黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上,拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Manyoldhouseshavebeen（

）inorderthatnewbigbuildingsmaybebuilt.

问题1选项

A.leveled

B.collapsed

C.demolished

D.felled

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。level“使同等；对准；弄平”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”，一般做不及物动词，无被动形式；demolish“拆除；破坏”；fell“砍伐；打倒；击倒”。句意：为了修建新的建筑，很多老房子被拆除了。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

In（

）ofMr.Mainwaring’syearsofservice,thecompanypresentedhimwithagoldwatch.

问题1选项

A.contradiction

B.appreciation

C.confrontation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】根据下文可以推测,这是为了表达感谢,所以选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.

TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthecontinentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline.“Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,”saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshowsthecomplexityofclimatechange.”TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.”

Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecausethebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstillfurther.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalsoaffectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticseaicewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap—theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinentwaslosingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.

TheresearchonAntarcticseaice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.“Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic,”saidHolland.

Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeingaddedasseawaterleftbehindicebeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffectisthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—aboutatenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.

Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedbyanocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,saidHolland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthesouthernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa’sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdailymeasurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-termchangesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:“TheAntarcticseaicecoverinteractswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andtheseresultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.”

1.Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclearby______.

2.AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistobeblamedforthemeltingseaice?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.datacollectedfromsatellites

B.twenty-year’smeasurements

C.computermodels

D.theBritishAntarcticSurvey

问题2选项

A.wecanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesinicedrift

B.hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C.thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D.theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

问题3选项

A.TheArcticislosingseaiceasquicklyastheAntarctic.

B.TheAntarcticislosingseaicemuchfasterthantheArctic.

C.WhilesomeregionsoftheAntarcticaregainingseaice,otherregionsofitarelosingseaice.

D.SeaiceisbeinglostintheArctic,nottheAntarctic.

问题4选项

A.Thewindfromthenorth.

B.Theglobalwarming.

C.Ecologicalunbalance.

D.Unknownfactors.

问题5选项

A.Effectivemeasurestocurbglobalwarmingarenotdiscussedinthepassage.

B.Themilitarysatellitesplayaveryimportantroleininvestigatingtheriseofsealevel.

C.TheArcticsealevelisatarecordlow.

D.Theauthorfindsasolutiontothelosingseaice.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（在全球变暖导致北极海冰融化的同时，南极洲周围海冰的扩张之谜已经通过美国军事卫星的数据得到了解决。）A选项“从卫星收集的数据”，文章第一段提到，南极洲周围海冰扩张，美国卫星的数据解决了这个问题，因此A选项正确。B选项“20年的测量”，文章所说，20年来的测量表明，南极洲周围不断变化的风模式导致了海冰的小幅增加，B选项可排除。C选项“计算机模型”，文章所说，冰川漂移的变化只是通过计算机模型推测出来的，而不是海冰覆盖范围，可排除C选项。D选项“英国南极考察队”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“南极冰的覆盖范围对风力强度的变化很敏感”，文章最后一段提到Antarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.（这些结果突出了南极海冰覆盖对大陆周围风力强度变化的敏感性），D选项正确。选项A“我们可以依靠卫星来估计冰漂移的变化”，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels.（到目前为止，这些冰川漂移的变化只是通过计算机模型推测出来的），这些冰川漂移的变化只是通过计算机模型推测出来的，没有提到卫星可以估计冰漂移情况，A选项可排除。选项B“他的研究结果与全球变暖相矛盾”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我们的研究结果与全球变暖并不矛盾），研究结果与全球变暖并不矛盾，可排除B选项。C选项“别林斯高森海位于南极附近”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“南极一些地区的海冰正在增加，而另一些地区的海冰却在减少”，可以定位文章第二段第一句TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice.（20年来的测量表明，南极洲周围不断变化的风模式导致了海冰的小幅增加），可推测南极洲周围不断变化的风模式导致了海冰的小幅增加，以及文章第四段最后一句Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic.（在一些地区，比如别林斯高森海，海冰的消失速度和北极一样快）。因此可知南极地区的海冰正在增加，其他地区的海冰正在减少，C选项正确。A选项“北极的海冰正在以和南极一样快的速度消失”，文章第二段倒数第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北极海冰融化的速度是南极海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），A选项可排除。B选项“南极海冰的融化速度比北极快得多”，文章第二段倒数第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北极海冰融化的速度是南极海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），B选项可排除。D选项“海冰正在消失的是北极，而不是南极”，可定位到文章倒数第四段第二句InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.（在从热带吹向南极洲的暖风变得更强的地方，海冰正在迅速消失），可排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文。B选项“全球变暖”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我们的研究结果与全球变暖并不矛盾），研究结果与全球变暖并不矛盾，可推测海冰的消失与全球变暖脱不开关系，B选项为正确答案。A选项“来自北方的风”，文章所说，风会造成海冰的减少，也会造成海冰的增加，A选项可排除。C选项“生态不平衡”，文章没有提到此内容，C选项可排除。D选项“未知因素”，文章已经有研究结果，不存在未知因素，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“作者找到了解决海冰融化的办法”，作者并没有找到解决海冰融化的办法，海冰的消失作用于环境变化，作者不可能找到办法，D选项正确。A选项“文章没有讨论遏制全球变暖的有效措施”，文章没有提到解决全球变暖的办法，可排除A选项。B选项“军事卫星在调查海平面上升方面起着非常重要的作用”，文章第一段最后一句hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（南极洲周围海冰的扩张之谜已经通过美国军事卫星的数据得到了解决），B选项正确，可排除。C选项“北极海平面处于历史最低水平”，文章第三段第二句ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.（今年夏天，北极海冰数量创下了30年前卫星测量以来的新低），可排除。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我们通知你之前不要向公众发布这个消息。

考查动词辨析。Relieve解除，减轻，缓和；relate联系，使有联系；release释放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

14.单选题

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

问题1选项

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

问题2选项

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

问题3选项

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

问题4选项

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

问题5选项

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由赚大钱的人经营的，其结果是在薪酬方面形成了一种沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C选项“经理们很少谈论他们的薪酬，因为这是一种传统”正确。A选项“萨尔蒙是第一个提出工资差距问题的作家”文中没有说到；B选项“吉尔•艾布拉姆森知道工资的差别后离开了《纽约时报》”文章也没有明确说到这二者有因果关系；D选项“吉尔•艾布拉姆森没有和做同样工作的人得到同样的报酬”说法错误，文中只提到吉尔•艾布拉姆森质疑她和自己前辈的工资差异，并没有说到他们是否是做的同样的工作，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工资保密对女性不利，因为女性比男性更不善于要求加薪。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人却没有，那么这就有助于解释，至少在一定程度上，为什么男人最终会比女人挣得多。）”，由此可知D选项“男人更容易和经理就工资问题做秘密交易”正确。A选项“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B选项“经理们倾向于认为男人比女人更有能力”以及C选项“男性施加给经理的加薪压力比女性更大”文章都没有提及，因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（关于薪酬的保密也是一个很好的方法，可以让管理者有意识或无意识地与员工达成某种协议）”以及前文可知A选项“与……做秘密交易”与playfavoritewith意思更接近。B选项“区别对待”；C选项“对……有偏见”；D选项“欺骗”。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我们都在一些公司工作过，要想获得大幅加薪，唯一的办法就是让管理层面对来自其他地方的工作邀请。这显然是一种可怕的管理公司的方式，因为这给了所有员工巨大的动力，让他们花大量时间在别处找工作，即使他们在那里很开心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密导致如果员工想加薪就只有不停地去别处找工作，从而导