考研考博-英语-外交学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-外交学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

It'seasyto_______usbecausewe'resupposedlyabunchofdumbcountrybumpkinsandrednecks.

问题1选项

A.pickover

B.pickoff

C.pickon

D.pickout

【答案】C

【解析】pickover仔细检查或挑选；pickoff摘掉，拔去；pickon选中，批评，欺负；pickout挑选出。句意：我们很容易受欺负，因为我们被认为是一群愚蠢的土包子和乡巴佬。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Brazil’sconstitution（）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.withdraws

B.forbids

C.interrupts

D.objects

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。withdraw“撤销，撤退”；forbid“禁止”；interrupt“打扰”；object“反对”。句意：巴西宪法规定军队禁止使用核能。由宪法可推知forbid更符合题意。故B项正确。

3.单选题

（

）tomorrow,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

问题1选项

A.Wouldheleave

B.Washeleaving

C.Ifheleaves

D.Werehetoleave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由tomorrow可知，从句表示的是对将来事实的虚拟，从句谓语动词的形式有三种，即weretodo,shoulddo,动词的过去式（be动词用were）。并且可将if去掉，将谓语动词放于主语前。故D项正确。句意：如果他明天出发，他周五将到达那里。

4.单选题

TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the（）whohasrefusedtostepdown.

问题1选项

A.inception

B.incursion

C.insurgency

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。inception“起初，获得学位”；incursion“入侵，侵犯”；insurgency

“暴动”；incumbent“在职者，现任者”。句意：贸易商正在关闭象牙海岸的业务为了符合国家要求，进行国际认证的总统选举，给巴博施加压力，巴博是拒绝退位下台的现任者。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。delightful“可爱的；令人愉快的”；graceful“优雅的”；resentful“气愤的；厌恶的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世纪六十年早期搬到了纽约，明显是为了逃离那些对她的成功嫉恨的朋友。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

问题2选项

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

问题3选项

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

问题4选项

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

问题5选项

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。当不同的男性听到“父亲”这个词时，都会有不同的反应。有些人觉得骄倣，有些人担忧。故选B。

2.细节事实题。A:很多书籍写到相关内容。实际上第三段提及大量书籍写到关于母亲角色的转变,而非父亲，故排除。B:不太关注。文章倒数第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人们往往不太关注在这个调节过程当中教育父亲)。因此B项正确。C:角色转变对于男性而言更难。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家认为父亲角色的转变，尽管困难，但是不会有妻子的的角色转变困难，妻子必须承接母亲这一角色)。因此C错误。D:角色转变是困难，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判断推理题。A:母亲能得到社会更多的关注和认可。B:一些作者认为，母亲有创造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母亲的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全转变，且有高度革新的适应性),B项和原文有出入。C:母亲一般待在家里照顾孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我们提及越来越多的女性在外工作),故C错误。D:母亲应该在这个转变过程当中帮助父亲,文章并未提及。结合全文可知,A正确。

4.细节事实题。A:成为母亲和成为父亲一样难。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家认为，父亲角色的改变虽然困难，但是不会有妻子的角色转变困难，妻子必须承接母亲这一角色)。故本题选A。

5.作者意图题。A:解释为什么那么少的书籍写关于父亲的角色。B:赞扬母亲对于家的巨大贡献。C:批评父亲在养育孩子上没有承担足够的责任。D:抱怨社会项目在在帮助父亲角色转变上的缺乏。根据全文内容可知,本题选D。

7.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50cpersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarycontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingpairsoftermsdoestheauthorregardasmostnearlysynonymous?

4.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.advocatingincreasedgovernmentfundingforresearchonalternativeenergysources

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

问题2选项

A.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon

C.informthereaderthatanalternativetypeofsolarcellexists

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

问题3选项

A.solarandextraterrestrial

B.photovoltaicdevicesandsolarcells.

C.crystallinesiliconandamorphousmaterials

D.amorphousmaterialsandhigherefficiencies

问题4选项

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.使用太阳能光伏设备的基本问题是经济问题，但直到最近，在开发低成本光伏设备方面几乎没有取得进展。”以及第三段amorphousmaterials的优点可知作者关心寻找低成本的可替代能源。可知D项“描述了光伏电池成本问题的一种可能解决方案”相符。

2.判断推理题从“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsto

makepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.但到目前为止，这些成本明显较低的阵列的效率一直小得令人无法接受。此外，这些材料更便宜只是因为晶体半导体中无序的引入，无序降低了晶体太阳能电池的效率。”由此可以推理，这种尝试改进没有多大的价值，可知A项“尽量减少近期硅太阳能电池改进的重要性”正确。B项“说明非晶态材料优于晶态硅材料”；C项“告诉读者，有一种替代类型的太阳能电池存在”D项“对比晶体硅与多晶硅和带状硅”。

3.判断推理题。由第一段“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarhotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics使用太阳能光电器件的基本问题是经济问题”下文多次用solarcells替代photovoltaicdevices可知photovoltaicdevices和solarcells是同义词。

4.判断推理题。由第三段“Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.这种困境可以通过制备完全无序或非晶态的材料来避免。与晶体材料相比，非晶态材料具有无序的原子结构，即它们只具有短期的有序，而没有晶体的长期周期性。非晶态太阳能电池的优点令人印象深刻。”中的amorphousmaterial的优点以及最后一段中“furtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.进一步的研究无疑会发现成本更低、效率更高的非晶态材料。”可知amorphousmaterial有望成为太阳能的替代能源，故应该增加对其的投资。B项“增加对非晶材料的研究经费”符合题意。

9.单选题

ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

问题1选项

A.exchange

B.alter

C.shift

D.alternate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；B选项alter“改变；变更”；C选项shift“转移；改变；替换”；D选项alternate“交替；轮流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授将轮流给这个班级讲课。根据句中“givingtheclasslectures给这个班级讲课”可知“轮流”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestlingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower:norisPicasso’spainting“Guernica”primarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimitswith（）.

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

问题3选项

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

问题4选项

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.Is.Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

问题5选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干关键词“coherentlyrelatesdiversephenomena”定位到文章第一段“…highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization…Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”可知高度创造性的活动超越了现有形式的限制，建立了新的组织原则。创新的科学产生了新的理论，在这个理论中，使不同的现象以更加连贯清晰的方式联系在一起。可判断出作者认为这种将不同的现象更加连贯地联系起来的新理论是高度创造性科学活动的结果。故选项D符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词“Beethoven’smusic”定位到文章第二段“IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知据说贝多芬推翻了规则，把音乐从沉闷的传统形式中解放出来。但是仔细研究贝多芬的音乐就会发现，他的音乐并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一位无与伦比的战略家，他从海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫等前辈那里继承了一些规则、形式和惯例，并以惊人的独特的方式加以利用。可判断出作者提到贝多芬的音乐具有惊人的独创性是因为贝多芬以一种高度创新的方式操纵着音乐创作的既定的规则。故选项D符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“FlorentineCamerata”定位到文章第二段“…whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.”可知一部作品是否在音乐史上确立了新的原则，与它的美学价值并没有多大的关联。因为它体现了一种新的组织原则。有些音乐作品，如佛罗伦萨的歌剧，具有显著的历史重要性，但是很少有听众或音乐学家会把这些作品列入伟大的音乐作品之列。可判断出作者认为弗罗伦萨的歌剧虽然在音乐史上很重要，带来了巨大的影响，但是并没有认为具有很高的审美价值。故选项B符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第一段“Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary…”，可知杰出的创造性活动具有革命性的特征，可回答选项A的问题，故选项A可排除。根据文章第二段“Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知他是一位无与伦比的战略家，他从海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫等前辈那里继承了一些规则、形式和惯例，并以惊人的独特的方式加以利用。可回答选项B的问题，故选项B可排除。根据文章第二段“Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.”可知莫扎特的《费加罗的婚姻》无疑是伟大的音乐作品之一，尽管它仅仅体现出对现有方式和规则的扩展创新。可回答选项C的问题，故选项C可排除。文章第二段中，除了提到Monteverdi的音乐作品体现了新的创作原则并且具有很好的审美价值，并未提及其它的音乐家。故选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由题干关键词“allhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimits”定位到文章第一段最后两句“Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.”可知具有高度创造性的艺术活动所产生的并不是一种超越既定规则的新的概括，而是一种美学上的特殊产物。极具创造力的艺术家所创造的美学细节，以一种创新的方式，扩展或利用了一种现有的形式规则，而不是超越那种形式。可判断出作者对于所有具有高度创造性的艺术活动都超越了现有的形式和规则的观点是持有怀疑态度的。故选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Thequalitiesdemandedbythegovernmentwereofapractical,moralandethicalnature,theobjectivebeingtoperpetuateConfuciantraditionswhichwere（）inmaintainingstabilityandsanctioningtheimperialrule.

问题1选项

A.useful

B.essential

C.instrumental

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项essential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是……的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Intheeyesofthelinguists,thereexistsno（）amongthelanguagesintheworld.

问题1选项

A.status

B.scale

C.hierarchy

D.gauge

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:status“身份；地位”；B:scale“规模；等级（层次），级别”；C:hierarchy“等级制度（尤指社会或组织）”；D:gauge“（常指用某种仪器）测量”。句意：在语言学家看来，世界上的语言中不存在等级之分。根据句意，B为正确答案。

13.单选题

（

）youcanbringyourselftostophatingher,itsoundslikeanarrangementthatcouldworkoutrathernicely.

问题1选项

A.Sofaras

B.Solongas

C.Aswellas

D.Asoftenasnot

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词短语辨析。“asfaras”就……而言；“solongas”只要；“aswellas”也，还；“asoftenasnot”时常;句意：只要你能使自己停止恨她，这听起来就像是一个很有成效的做法。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Theexcursionwillgiveyouanevendeeper（）intoourlanguageandculture.

问题1选项

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义解析。inquiry“查询”；investigation“调查”；input“输入”；insight“洞悉”。句意：这次旅行将会提供一个语言和文化的深入了解。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve解除，减轻；release释放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard抛弃，丢弃。句意：许多动植物会释放一种物质来吸收有害的化学物质。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(头盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

问题1选项

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

问题2选项

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

问题3选项

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

问题4选项

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

问题5选项

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据萨塔瓦，虚拟现实在医学上的应用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（萨塔瓦说：“有了虚拟现实技术，我们将能够在每条战壕里都安置一名外科医生。”他设想有一天，在海外战斗中受伤的士兵可以被安置在配备电脑的移动手术室），由此可以推理，虚拟现实在医学上的应用可以改善战场上的医疗条件，故C项“将大大改善战场