考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retaliate“报复”；B选项recover“恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项repel“击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词revenge“报复；替……报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。

2.单选题

Theirworkwill________,buttheyoughttotrytoimproveit.

问题1选项

A.getaway

B.getaround

C.getby

D.geton

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.getaway离开，逃跑B.getaround避开，说服

C.getby过得去，勉强过活D.geton进展，做得好

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】空格处和上文的“Theirwork（他们的工作）”构成主谓逻辑，表示他们的工作如何。由but可知前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系，由后半句句意“但他们应该努力加以改进（improveit）”可知，他们的工作情况不算糟糕，但是还有需要改进的地方。getby指勉强过得去，因此C选项“过得去，勉强过活”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项getaway“离开，逃跑”指离开一个地方或为了避免被抓而逃跑，不能和“work（工作）”进行搭配；

B选项getaround“避开，说服”指避开规章法律或通过取悦谄媚来说服，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

D选项geton“进展，做得好”指在特定情况下取得成功，与题干的语义相矛盾，应该是“工作勉强过得去”而不是“工作做得好”。

【句意】虽然他们的工作还过得去，但他们应该努力加以改进。

3.单选题

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited.Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentitythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkers,suchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400"inParagraph3?

2.Theauthorstatesthatbusinessandprofessionalpeoplewitheducationaladvantagesaremostoftenmembersofthe（）

3.WhydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

5.AccordingtoParagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

问题1选项

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear.

B.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth.

C.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections.

D.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney.

问题2选项

A.lowermiddleclass

B.uppermiddleclass

C.nouveauriche

D.upperclass

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry.

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear.

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritywhohavenormallifestyles.

问题4选项

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs.

B.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation.

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theydonottrytofindemployment.

问题5选项

A.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously.

B.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities.

C.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime.

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第三段的第三句"OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited."福布斯富人榜中，富人的财富大部分是继承而来的。所以选项D正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第四段的一二句“Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.”上层中产阶级包括那些收入高、社会地位高的人。他们往往是受过良好教育的专业人士或企业高管。所以选项B正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据第五段的倒数第二句“...peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.”人们不愿意承认在美国存在着阶级差别。选项C符合原文。

第4题:根据最后一段的一二句"Thelowerclassis...poor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs."下层阶级主要由流浪者和穷人组成。这个阶层的人几乎没有受过正规教育，经常失业或从事最低工资的工作。由此可推断，下层阶级从事的工作不需要太高的受教育程度。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.”被排斥在经济体系之外的下层阶级可能会依赖于公共援助或非法活动。句中的publicassistanceorillegalactivities与C选项中的bywelfareorcrime同义。所以选项C符合原文。

4.单选题

Pleaseholduponasumofmoneytocoverthecostsofhandling.

问题1选项

A.borrow

B.reserve

C.take

D.carry

【答案】B

【解析】holdupon意为持有，储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。

5.单选题

Everyoneshouldbefreetoenjoytherightsandfreedoms______intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidinto

C.laiddown

D.laidoff

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidinto痛打；痛斥

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidoff解雇；休息

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息therightsandfreedoms（权利和自由）和theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights（《世界人权宣言》）可知，《世界人权宣言》规定了人们享有的权利和自由，空格处表示“制定，规定”符合句意，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】人人都应享有《世界人权宣言》规定的权利和自由。

6.单选题

Shouldthiscrisiscontinue,thePalestinianheathsystemwillfurther（deteriorate）andserviceswillbedisrupted.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.recover

C.worsen

D.decrease

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项improve“提高，增进”；B选项recover“修复，弥补”；C选项worsen“恶化，变得更快”；D选项decrease“减少，减小，降低”。句意：如果这一危机继续下去，巴勒斯坦保健系统将进一步恶化，服务将受到破坏。Deteriorate“恶化，变坏”，由此可知C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Igetaskedaboutwhatindividualscandotostaycurrentinaworldthatsomehowkeeps_______andrepeatingpatternsailatthesametime.

问题1选项

A.transforming

B.distorting

C.converting

D.contorting

【答案】A

【解析】transform转换,改变;distort扭曲,曲解;convert使转变;contort扭曲,歪曲。句意：有人问我，在一个不断改变的同时又重复着那些模式的世界里，个人如何才能保持与时俱进。这里强调的是变化，所以选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

问题1选项

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

问题2选项

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

问题3选项

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

问题4选项

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知,食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题,最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国,每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题,在过去的五年中,抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。

2.根据第八段的内容可知,选项A,C,D均符合原文;根据第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化,偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对,所以不正确。

3.根据第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试,可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

9.单选题

Onenevercanseethethinginitself,becausetheminddoesnot（

）phenomena.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.superior

C.pass

D.advantage

【答案】A

【解析】transcend胜过，超越；superior上级的，优秀的；pass经过，传递；advantage有利于，使处于优势。句意：一个人永远无法看到事物本身，因为思想无法超越现象。选项A符合语境。

10.单选题

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。

考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics遗物，纪念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus剩余（指超过需要数量之外的剩余），［贸易］顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中国，平均每天有24万人成为互联网的新用户，平均每400个中国人就拥有一个网站。按照目前的发展速度，再过两年，中国的互联网使用者将超过5亿，互联网的普及率将从目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。对于一个发展中国家而言，互联网能够如此快速普及是一大奇迹。中国人民从互联网受益匪浅。在中国，互联网正广泛应用于电子政务、电子商务、公共教育、新闻传播等各个领域。电子商务在中国快速发展，中国电子商务交易总额在过去5年保持45%以上的年均增长速度，2008年超过4600亿美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

12.单选题

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

问题1选项

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

问题1选项

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服从，听从；conform遵守，使一致，顺从；concede承认，退让；observe观察，注意到，评论。句意：所有个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句意为：该工程师在选择材料时关注它的性能，其决定自身在负载和受限制的情况下将如何表现。根据关键词“theloadsandcondition”可知关系代词“where”不符合，再由subject一般构成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B项“towhich”正确。

15.单选题

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

问题1选项

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。mergewith合并，与...联合；engagewith交战，与...接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Sheistoohardonme.

B.Sheaskstoomanyquestions.

C.Sheisalwaysconsiderateofmyfeelings.

D.Sheisthemeanestmotherintheneighborhood.

问题2选项

A.Auniversityinstructor.

B.Ateachingassistant.

C.APh.

D.student.D.Apsychiatrist.

问题3选项

A.Theyusuallysayno.

B.Theyusuallysayyes.

C.Theyusuallywaitandsee.

D.Theyusuallyrefusetosayanything.

问题4选项

A.Theyareoverconfident.

B.Theirbrainsgrowtoofast.

C.Theyarepsychologicallydependent.

D.Theirbrainsarestillimmatureinsomeareas.

问题5选项

A.Beeasyonyourteen.

B.Trytobemeantoyourteen.

C.Saynotoyourteenwhennecessary.

D.Don’tcareaboutyourteen’sfeelings.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】(26)Iamthemeanestmotherintheneighborhood.I'mtoostrict.Iasktoomanyquestions.Nooneelse’sparentsareasdifficultasIam.Don’tIknowthatallthecoolkidsareoutuntil2:00or3:00inthemorningandcangowherevertheywant?Thisisthepointofviewofmy16-year-olddaughter.AlthoughsheisfrequentlyannoyedwhenItrytogatherwhatIconsiderbasicinformation-aboutwhereshe'sgoing,who’sdriving,andwhattheplanisforgettinghome—Iknowsheisalsorelievedthatsomeoneiswatchingoutforher.

Discipline-or,tousetoday’smorepopularphrase,settinglimits—takesonawholenewmeaningwhenyourchildhitsadolescence.“Whenkidsareyounganddosomethingunsafe,parentshavenotroublesayingno,”says(27)DanielKindlon,Ph.D.,assistantprofessorofchildpsychologyattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,whohastwodaughters,15and12.“Youdon’tcarethatyourtwo-year-oldcriesifyoudon’tlethimputtheforkinthetoaster.(28)Butsayingyestoyourteencanalmostbecomeareflex,becauseyousodesperatelywanttoavoidconflict.”Newresearchconfirmswhatparentshaveknownallalong:adolescentssimplylacktheabilitytomakesmartdecisionsconsistently.Forexample,peerrelationships-whicharesoimportanttoteenagerscaneasilyoverwhelmtheneedtobesafe.Scientistshavediscoveredthatthishastodowiththewaythehumanbraingrows.(29)Duringtheteenyears,thebraindevelopsrapidly,butsomeareasmaturemuchearlierthanothers.(30)Butyouhavetoholdtheline.Yourteenissecretlycountingonyoutodoso.Andtoomuchisatstakeifyoudon’t.

26.Whatwouldthespeaker’sdaughterleastlikelysayabouthermother?

【解析】根据录音开头可知，在女儿心里，她的母亲是一个刻薄、严厉、问题多的母亲，只有C项与录音内容不符。故选C。

27.WhatdoesDanielKindlondo?

【解析】根据录音内容“DanielKindlon,Ph.D.,assistantprofessorofchildpsychologyattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth”可知，他是哈佛公共卫生学院儿童心理学助理教授。故选A。

28.AccordingtoKindlon,howdoparentsusuallyrespondtotheirteens’requests?

【解析】根据录音内容“Butsayingyestoyourteencanalmostbecomeareflex,becauseyousodesperatelywanttoavoidconflict”可知，对青春期的孩子说“是”几乎是一种本能反应，因为你非常不愿意产生摩擦。故选B。

29.Whyareadolescentsunabletomakesmartdecisionsconsistently,accordingtoscientists?

【解析】根据录音内容“Duringtheteenyears,thebraindevelopsrapidly,butsomeareasmaturemuchearlierthanothers”可知，青少年阶段大脑发育不平衡，有些区域还未发育成熟。故选D。

30.Whatwouldthespeakeradviseparentstodo?

【解析】根据录音内容“Butyouhavetoholdtheline.Yourteenissecretlycountingonyoutodoso”可知，家长要适度向孩子说“不”。故选C。

17.单选题

ActressAmandaByneswasconvictedof（）drivinginApril2012whenshecrashedintoanL.A.Countysheriff’sdeputy'scruiser.

问题1选项

A.legitimate

B.juvenile

C.reckless

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的，正当的”；B选项juvenile表示“青少年的，幼稚的”；C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；D选项redundant表示“多余的，过剩的，失业的”。beconvictedof…表示“被宣判有罪”，由句意可知这位女演员因为驾驶不当而被判有罪，因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。

18.单选题

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

问题1选项

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

问题2选项

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

问题3选项

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

问题4选项

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科学是很难预测的，如果真是科学，也就不可能去预测。文中的predict对应于选项B中的foreseen，所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世纪的科学家们被告知我们人类对世界几乎是一无所知的，那么他们将会非常震惊”可推断出18世纪的科学家并不认为自己对世界一无所知，所以A选项‘认为他们知道很多，可以解决大多数科学问题’正确，C选项与A选项表述相反，错误。B选项“不敢面对科学研究的事实”和D选项“在人类对自然界的理解方面产生了更多的不好的影响”没有在文章中体现。

3.细节事实题。根据文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我们要么假装知道事物的规律，要么对此置之不理或者用编造故事的方式来搪塞。”确定A选项“捏造错误的理论来解释他们不知道的事物”、B选项“他们假装知道有关自然界的一切”和D选项“他们对不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科学家的特点，只有C选项“他们不相信科学观察得出的结果”没有提及，或者用排除法，C选项符合题意。

4.观点态度题。根据文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“尽管有困难，但人类迟早会解决这些问题”所以C选项“虽然意识到困难重重但还是很有信心”符合作者对科学的态度。

19.单选题

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

问题1选项

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项facilitated“促进；帮助”；B选项fascinated“使着迷；使陶醉”；C选项fabricated“编造；虚构”；D选项formulated“规划”。句意：这个故事是……的，完全不真实。根据后面的评价completelyuntrue“一点也不真实”，可以知道这个故事是编造而成的。因此C选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Asateenager.Iwas（

）byablindpassionforafilmstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

问题1选项

A.pursued

B.seduced

C.consumed

D.guaranteed

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。pursue“从事”；seduce“诱惑”；consume“消费”；guarantee“保证，担保”。句意：作为青少年，我曾对生活中见不到的电影明星产生盲目的热情。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

TheAmericanmilitarytribunalssetuptopassjudgmentonterrorismsuspectsatGuantanamoBaylurchedintolifethisweekwhenDavidHicks,the“AustralianTaliban”,unexpectedlypleadedguilty.ThePentagonwillberelievedthatthetribunalshavestartedtoshowresultsafterfiveyearsofcontroversyoverthestatusof“enemycombatants”,claimsoftorture,theadmissibilityofforcedconfessionsandaSupremeCourtrulinglastyearthathaltedanearlierversionofthetribunals.YettheHickscaseishardlyanimpressivestartforAmerica’soffshorejustice.Criticssaythe31-year-oldMr.Hicks,aformerkangarooskinnerandallegedal-Qaedafighter,facesa“kangaroocourt”.TwoofhiscivilianlawyerswerebarredfromthehearingonMarch26th.Hismilitarylawyer,MajorMichaelMori,hasbeenthreatenedwithprosecutionforharshlycriticizingthetribunals.

Theprosecutor,ColonelMorrisDavis,saidthedefencelawyermayhavebreachedmilitarylawthatbansofficersfromusing“contemptuouswords”againstthepresidentorseniorofficials.MajorMorifiledacounter-chargeagainsttheprosecution,sayingittryingtointimidatehim.IntheendthemotionwillnotbeheardbecauseMr.Hicks,lookingpaleandbedraggled,admittedthechargeof“providingmaterialsupportforterrorism”.Achargeof“attemptedmurderinviolationofthelawsofwar”wasdropped.AsTheEconomistwenttopress,thetribunalwasduetoheardetailsofhispleaandpasssentence,whichMr.HicksisexpectedtoserveoutinAustralia.Hisfather,TerryHicks,saidhissonhadhad“fiveyearsofabsoluteh