考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（1）tohowtheycanbest（2）suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand（3）butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（4）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe（5）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（6）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（7）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（8）andpublishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,（9）studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（10）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（11）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（12）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（13）visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（14）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（15）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（16）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（17）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（18）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（19）forrolesthatarewithintheir（20）andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

问题1选项

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

问题2选项

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

问题3选项

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

问题4选项

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

问题5选项

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

问题6选项

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

问题7选项

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

问题8选项

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

问题9选项

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

问题10选项

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

问题11选项

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

问题12选项

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

问题13选项

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

问题14选项

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

问题15选项

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

问题16选项

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

问题17选项

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

问题18选项

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

问题19选项

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

问题20选项

A.capability

B.responsibility

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。thought思想，思考；idea观点；opinion意见，主张；advice建议，忠告；由上文beawareof知道，察觉到以及and可知此空应填与beawareof意思接近的单词。idea和opinion与give连用时前面要加a；giveadvicetosb，to后面要接人，故A项正确。句意：老师也要认真思考….

2.考查动词辨析。strengthen加强；accommodate容纳，使适应；stimulate刺激；enhance增加。能与“changes变化”搭配的只有B项，accommodatesuchchanges适应这些变化。句意：老师应该认真思考如何让学生更好地适应这些变化。

3.考查名词辨析。care关心；nutrition营养；exercise锻炼，练习；leisure闲暇，空闲。由and可知空格处所填词应与movement意思接近，故C项正确。句意：成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼。

4.考查逻辑连词。theyareadjustingto…和teenagersareespeciallyself-conscious…之间是因果关系。句意：因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，所以他们的自我意识强…故D项正确。

5.考查名词辨析。assistance帮助，援助；guidance指导，引导；confidence自信；tolerance容忍。由后面that引导的定语从句“thatcomesfromachievingsuccess”可知人获得了成功，就会有自信，所以C项符合题意。

6.考查动词辨析。claim声称，宣称，要求；admire羡慕，钦佩，赞美；ignore忽视；surpass超越，胜过。由句意可推测这些学生希望他们的成就被别人钦佩。故B项符合题意。

7.考查形容词辨析。improper不合适的；risky冒险的；fair公平的；wise明智的。句意：然而，由于典型的青少年生活方式充满了竞争，以至于在策划活动时，让获胜的人比输掉比赛的更多显然是（）。由前文可知，青少年自我意识强，希望能有获得成功的自信，希望别人钦佩他们的成功，故在策划活动时，让赢者比输者多会更适合青少年。所以这种策划是明智的。

8.考查逻辑关系。下文是对上文中activities的举例，故用forexample。

9.考查动词辨析。display展示；describe描述；create创造，创作；exchange交换，交流。此空与studentartwork搭配，只有A项符合句意“展示学生的艺术品”。

10.考查形容词辨析。durable耐用的，持久的；excessive过度的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；multiple多重的，多样的。由avarietyofsmallclubs可推知许多小俱乐部能给学生提供许多锻炼领导力的机会。故D项正确。

11.考查名词辨析。group团体；individual个人的；personnel人事部门，全体人员；corporation公司，法人。由上文leadership可推知此空应填group，只有在集体里才有机会发挥领导力，才能锻炼自己。故A项正确。

12.考查名词辨析。consent准许，同意；insurance保险；admission承认；security安全。句意：一些害羞的学生需要一些机构给予…，而且需要一个成年人在幕后给予支持。由后半句句意可推知害羞的学生需要安全感。故D项正确。

13.考查副词辨析。particularly特别是；barely仅仅；definitely清楚地；rarely很少地，难得。此空修饰visible,只有B项符合句意，表示“仅仅是在幕后的支持者。”

14.考查形容词辨析。similar相似的；long长的；different不同的；short短的。根据常识可以判断青少年的能够集中注意力的时间比较短。故B项正确。

15.考查逻辑关系。由下文“participantscanremainactive…参与者只要想参与就可以积极地参与…”可知这是该活动所达到的效果，故用sothat引导结果。

16.考查代词辨析。句意：只要他们想参加某项活动，他们就可以去参加而没有负罪感。此空指的是某一种活动，而不是特定的活动，故D项正确。

17.考查固定搭配。letoff放出，排放；letsbdown使…失望；letout放出，泄露；letalone更不用说。此空句意为“不会担心让其他参与者感到失望”。

18.考查词组辨析。onthecontrary相反；ontheaverage一般来说；onthewhole总体上；ontheotherhand另一方面。由上文“这并不意味着成年人没有无责任”以及空格后的“他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感”可知这两句构成对比的关系，故A项正确。

19.考查固定搭配。makefor向…方向走；standfor代表，表示；planfor为做计划；takefor以为。句意：相反，他们可以通过为学生设计或安排角色来帮助学生获得一种责任感。只有C项符合句意。

20.考查名词辨析。capability能力；responsibility责任；proficiency精通，熟练；efficiency效率，效能。由下文的andtheirattentionspans可知此空应填与之相似的词汇。句意：设计一些在他们（）和注意力周期之内的角色。由于活动对象是青少年，他们的能力还有限，所以设计活动时要考虑到他们的能力水平以及注意力时间长短。故A项正确。

2.单选题

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

问题1选项

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；B选项further“促进，助长”；C选项induce“诱导”；D选项reinforce“加强，巩固”。根据句意：追求享乐对于雇员而言肯定不能促进他们晋升。选项B更符合语境。

3.单选题

Eyespots,themostrudimentaryeyes,arefoundinprotozoanflagellates,flatworms,andsegmentedworms.

问题1选项

A.principal

B.perceptive

C.primitive

D.persistent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。故该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

Membersofaristocracydon’t______agreatdealofpowernowadays.

问题1选项

A.wield

B.manipulated

C.manage

D.sway

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项wield“使用，行使”，B项manipulate“操纵，操作，巧妙地处理”，C项manage“管理，经营，控制”，D项sway“影响，统治，使摇动”。空格处前面有助动词do，所以后面的动词应该用动词原形，排除B选项；宾语是power，只有wieldpower“掌握权利”符合语境。句意：现在贵族成员没有多少权力。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

Itisnoticedthattherehadaperceptiblechangeinhisbehaviorlately.

问题1选项

A.pessimistic

B.perceivable

C.persistent

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:值得注意的是，最近他的行为出现明显变化。

pessimistic:悲观的。perceivable:可感知的。persistent:执着的，坚持的。perpetual:永久的，不断的。perceptible:可察觉的，可感知的,看得出的。故B符合句意。

6.单选题

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketontheearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultravioletrayspenetratetheatmosphere.Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesyncarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredinunitscalled“rems”.WeallreceiveradiationhereontheEarthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“normal”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabout100millirems(0.1rem);itvariesaccordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthanthiswithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage——apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthof(deformed)childrenorevengrandchildren.

EarlyspaceprobesshowedthatradiationvariesindifferentpartsofspacearoundtheEarth.Italsovariesintimebecause,whengreatspurtsofgasshootoutofthesun(solarflares),theyareaccompaniedbyalotofextraradiation.Someestimatesoftheamountofradiationinspace,basedonvariousmeasurementsandcalculations,areaslowas10remsperyear,othersareashighas5remsperhour.Missionstothemoon(theApolloflights)havehadtocrosstheVanAllenbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollo8crewaccumulatedatotaldoseofabout200milliremsperman.ItwashopedthattherewouldnotbeanylargesolarflaresduringthetimesoftheApollomoonwalksbecausethewallsoftheLEMs(lunarexcursionmodules)werenotthickenoughtoprotectthemeninside,thoughthecommandmodulesdidgivereasonableprotection.Sofar,nodangerousdosesofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheGeminiorbitsandtheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratoryorinabaseonthemoon.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.

Atpresent,radiationseemstobethegreatestphysicalhazardtospacetravelers,butitisimpossibletosayjusthowseriousthehazardwillturnouttobeinthefuture.

1.Scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof（）.

2.Thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere（）.

3.Whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

问题1选项

A.10remsperyear

B.60remsperyear

C.100milliremsperyear

D.5remsperhour

问题2选项

A.crossingtheVanAllenbelts

B.settingupamoonbase

C.exploringthesurfaceofthemoon

D.waitinginthecommandmodule

问题3选项

A.Bytakingspecialdrugs.

B.Bywearingspecialsuits.

C.Byusingaprotectiveblanket.

D.Nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.

问题4选项

A.Thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.

B.Thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.

C.Radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.

D.Radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof______.1.科学家们确定了______的安全水平。

A.10remsperyearA.每年10雷姆

B.60remsperyearB.每年60雷姆

C.100milliremsperyearC.每年100毫雷姆

D.5remsperhourD.每小时5雷姆

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段倒数第二句“科学家们有理由认为，一个人可以忍受比这多得多的辐射而不受伤害，60雷姆的数字已经商定”，从中可知，科学家们能够确定每年60雷姆是安全水平，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“每年10雷姆”和D项“每小时5雷姆”为测量的空间辐射量，并不是科学家们确定的安全水平，属于张冠李戴；

C项“每年100毫雷姆”是对我们每年接受的“正常”辐射剂量的粗略估计，不是科学家们的计算，属于张冠李戴。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere______.2.宇航员们在______时担心太阳耀斑。

A.crossingtheVanAllenbeltsA.穿过范艾伦带

B.settingupamoonbaseB.建立月球基地

C.exploringthesurfaceofthemoonC.探索月球表面

D.waitinginthecommandmoduleD.在指令舱等待

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第四句“人们希望在阿波罗号月球行走期间不会有任何大的太阳耀斑，因为月球旅行模块的墙壁不够厚，不足以保护里面的人，尽管指令模块确实提供了合理的保护”，从中可知，宇航员们在探索月球表面时担心太阳耀斑，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“穿过范艾伦带”和B项“建立月球基地”都是在探索月球表面中做的事情，从属于C项，所以这两项属于以偏概全；

D项“在指令舱等待”没有提到，无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?3.当人长时间待在太空时，他们将如何保护自己？

A.Bytakingspecialdrugs.A.通过服用特殊药物。

B.Bywearingspecialsuits.B.穿特殊的衣服。

C.Byusingaprotectiveblanket.C.用保护性的毯子。

D.Nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.D.目前还没有找到解决办法。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“药物可能有助于减少辐射造成的损害，但迄今为止还没有发现真正有效的药物”，从中可知，虽然迄今为止没有找到特效药，但是药物也是有助于减轻射线带来的危害，所以是一种解决办法，A项“通过服用特殊药物”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“穿特殊的衣服”和C项“用保护性的毯子”在文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

D项“目前还没有找到解决办法”根据解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪项是正确的？

A.Thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.A.宇航员的孙辈都是畸形的。

B.Thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.B.宇航员的孩子会损坏性器官。

C.Radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.C.辐射损伤可能只会在后代中表现出来。

D.Radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.D.辐射似乎不是很有害。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“问题是，很难确定辐射是否会造成损害，一个人可能感觉很好，但他或她的性器官细胞可能会受到损害，而且这种损害要等到孩子甚至孙辈出生后才会被发现”，可知，射线的危害程度不好确定，一个人可能感觉正常，但是潜在的危害要在后辈中才能发现，故C项“辐射损伤可能只会在后代中表现出来”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“宇航员的孙辈都是畸形的”表述太绝对，属于曲解原文；

B项“宇航员的孩子会损坏性器官”，根据解题思路可知，是宇航员的性器官细胞可能会受到损害，该项曲解原文；

D项“辐射似乎不是很有害”，根据第二段第一句“辐射是已知的对太空探索者最大的危险”可知，该项属于反向干扰。

7.单选题

Whentrappedindriftingsands,donotstruggle,oryouwillbe（

）indeeper.

问题1选项

A.absorbed

B.pushed

C.heaved

D.sucked

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb意为“吸收（液体、气体等）”；push意为“推，推动”；heave意为“举起”；suck意为“吸取，吸入，卷进入”，besuckedin意为“被吸进，被卷入”。

句意：当被困在流沙中时，不要挣扎，否则你回被吸进去更深。

8.单选题

StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer'spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.“EachyearphysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestotheStates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule“limitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwheretheyhadn'tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohavencollectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinaastatement,"businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.”

1.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2and3thattheoverruleddecisions（

）.

3.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas（

）.

4.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling（

）.

5.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday,theauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.endetterbusiness'revolutionswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax

D.forcessomestatestocutsalestax

问题2选项

A.haveledtothedominanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchases

D.wereconsideredupfavorablebystates

问题3选项

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.boostedgrowthinstatesrevenue

问题4选项

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chainowners

C.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

问题5选项

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomecasesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.本题为细节题，根据题干关键字“theSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”定位到原文第一段“StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythat...”前半句已经明确提出各州的在线购物可能要交税，对应选项C，原词“online”加“shoppers”是对“purchase”的同义替换。其他三个选项均为提及。

2.根据题干“learned”可知本题为推理题，根据关键字“theoverruleddecisions”定位到原文第二段的两句，大意为“州政府抱怨以前的政策使每年税收损失惨重，因此以前的政策很难再收取网上营业税”两句表示出的意思都是对州政府的不利，对比四个选项，得出答案D，州政府认为原政策对州会不利，因此驳回这项决定会对州有利，为正话反说。

3.本题为细节题，根据题干关键词“JusticeAnthonyKennedy”“thephysicalpresencerule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句，大意为实体店规定导致州政府税收亏损，接着下一句Kennedywrotethattherule“limitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”该规定限制了各州长期繁荣，并妨碍市场参与者参与公平竞争。对比四个选项，C选项为“破坏了公平市场竞争”和原文“competing”“marketparticipants”一一对应，为正确答案。

4.根据题干“likely”得出本题为推理题，利用关键词“welcometheSupremeCourtruling”定位到原文第五段第一句“Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,since...”对于大公司来说这项规定是一种胜利，因为……只需找到关键词“bigchain”即可选出B选项：大型连锁公司。

5.本题为主旨题，需找出作者的相应观点与论证，根据题干关键词“IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”回顾每段首尾句，推测每段大意。第一段讲述最高法院通过了征收在线营业税的决定，第二段介绍之前的裁决及后果是对州政府不利的，第三段介绍了原来裁决涉及到的案例，第四段陈列了法官的观点，即以前的裁决是有问题的，第五段主要讲述新判决会对大型连锁超市产生有利的影响，第六段讲述新裁决对州外卖价的影响，第七段表示新的判决得到零售界的肯定，因此本文的思路为：首段引出新判决，二三四段列举相关案例，五六七段对其影响进行讲述，对比四个选项，得出D：作者在讲述这个判决时引用了相关案例并分析了它们的影响。

9.单选题

Coldcompresseseasethepainofthephysicalinjury,butonlytimecould______theeffectoftheinsult.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.decelerate

C.缺

D.perish

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项decelerate“减速，降低速度”；C选项暂缺；D选项perish“使麻木；毁坏；死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎”。句意：冷敷可以减轻身体受到的伤害，但只有时间才能______受侮辱的影响。影响应用减轻，而不用减速和毁灭，所以A选项正确。

10.单选题

AccordingtoScottAdams,creatorofthecomicstrip（系列漫画）Dilbert,theannualperformancereviewis“oneofthemostfrighteningandweakeningexperiences”ineveryemployee’slife.Adams’storiesandcomicfigurespokefunattheworkplace,buthischaracterizationofpeople’sfeelingsabouttheannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.Althougharecentstudyof437companiesindicatesthateffectiveannualperformancereviewscanhelpraiseprofits,mostemployeesofthosecompanieshatethem.

Intheory,annualperformancereviewsareconstructiveandpositiveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandemployeesworkingtogethertoattainmaximumperformanceandstrengthentheorganization.Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.Thusalthoughtheobjectoftheannualperformancereviewistoimproveperformance,itoftenhastheoppositeresult.AprogrammeratanITfirmwasstunnedtolearnatherannualperformancereviewthatshewasdeniedapromotionbecauseshewasn’ta“termplayer”.Whatwerethedatausedtomakethisjudgment?Shedidn’tsmileinthecompanyphoto.

AlthoughthisstorymightsoundasifitcamestraightoutofDilbert,itisatrueaccountofonewoman’sexperience.Byfollowingafewideasandguidelinesfromindustryanalysis,thiskindofordealcanbeavoided:

Toendtheyearwithapositiveandusefulperformancereview,managersandemployeesmuststarttheyearbyworkingtogethertoestablishcleargoalsandexpectations.

Itmaybehelpfultoallowemployeestoproposealistofpeopleassociatedwiththecompanywhowillbeinagoodpositiontoassesstheirperformanceattheendoftheyear;thesepeoplemaybeco¬workers,suppliers,orevencustomers.

Goalsshouldbemeasurablebutflexible,andeveryoneshouldsignoffontheplan.

Bycheckingemployees’progressataboutninemonths,managerscangivethemachancetocorrectmistakesandprovideguidancetothosewhoneeditbeforetheyearisout.

Whenconductingthereview,managersshouldhighlightstrengthsandweaknessesduringthepastyearanddiscussfutureresponsibilities,avoidingpunishmentorblame.

Inshort,whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead,notworryingaboutwhatwentintotheirfilesaboutthepast.

1.InhiscomicstripDilbert,ScottAdams（）.

2.AllthefollowingarementionedasthedrawbacksofannualperformancereviewsEXCEPT（）

3.Theword"ordeal"inParagraph3probablyrefersto（）.

4.Theannualperformancereviews,tobeeffectivemustfocuson（）.

5.ThegeneralattitudeoftheauthortowardAdam'scomicstripDilbertis（）.

问题1选项

A.makesfunofworkingpeople

B.tellsastoryaboutaswomanemployee

C.promotesteamspiritamongco-workers

D.mocksannualperformancereviews

问题2选项

A.reducingefficiency

B.creatingtension

C.underminingmorale

D.inducinganger

问题3选项

A.likelihoodofpromotion

B.depressiveexperience

C.poorperformance

D.unrealisticexpectation

问题4选项

A.makingemployeesawareoftheircompany'sfuturegoals

B.involvingemployeesinassessingtheirownperformance

C.encouragingemployeestoachievebetterfutureperformance

D.highlightingwhatresponsibilitiesemployeeshavefailedin

问题5选项

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.unclear

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据关键词“ScottAdams”定位到第一段的第二句。“Adams'storiesandcomicfigures...theannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.”Adams的故事和喜剧形象嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。选项D符合原文。

2.细节判断题。根据第二段第二句“Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.”只有选项A没有提及，所以本题选A。

3.结合上下文句意可知，“ordeal”指上文提到的IT公司一位女程序员的痛苦经历。选项B正确。

4.根据最后一段“whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead.”当员工把绩效评估放在一旁时，他们应该关注来年能够更好的完成什么。选项C符合原文。

5.根据第一段可知，Adams的漫画嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。再根据第二段可知，作者认为年度绩效评估会带来反作用，所以作者对Adams漫画的态度是积极的，支持的。

11.写作题

Inthepastfewyears,severalplagiarism（抄袭,剽窃）caseshavebeenexposedinChina.Someinvolveprofessorsandfamousscholarswhilesomeothersinvolvegraduatestudentswhoareworkingasresearchers.Pleasewriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonyourattitudetowardsplagiarism.Youmayalsoillustrateyouropiniononacademicintegrity（正直）andgivesuggestionsonhowtopreserveitintheacademicworld.

【答案】Plagiarism12.单选题

Asourworkisnotdoneyet,I’minno（）togooutforamovietonight.

问题1选项

A.mind

B.temper

C.mood

D.disposition

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。A,B,D选项均没有这种搭配，innomood为固定搭配，意为“没有心情”。句意：我们的工作还没完成，我今晚没有心情出去看电影。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombinete