考研考博-英语-四川卫生康复职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川卫生康复职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris（）anathlete.

问题1选项

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anythingbut“根本不；绝不”；B选项nonebut“只是；仅”；C选项allbut“几乎；差不多”；D选项somethingbut没有此类搭配。句意：和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑，故选A。

2.单选题

TheConstitution（

）thePresident’stermofofficetofouryears.

问题1选项

A.limits

B.refrains

C.confines

D.restricts

【答案】A

【解析】句意:宪法规定总统的任期为4年。

考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Limit限制，限定（一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限）;refrain克制，避免,不及物动词,后面跟介词from;confine限制，禁闭（侧重施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁）;restrict限制，约束（指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内）。此处侧重指时间上的限制,故选A。

3.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthisarenowissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.scarcity

B.rarity

C.variety

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scarcity“短缺、稀缺”；B选项rarity“罕见、珍品”；C选项variety“多样、种类”；D选项invalidity“无效、无价值”，句意为：在未来几天席卷这里的风暴肯定会造成蔬菜短缺。scarcity“短缺、稀缺”符合题意，因此选项A正确。

4.单选题

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixinglegalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.

Wearebeingasked,andinfact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.

Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause（）.

2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis（）.

3.Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

B.theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

C.timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

D.itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

问题2选项

A.topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

B.toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

C.totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

D.toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards

问题3选项

A.narrow-minded

B.blindtothefacts

C.short-sighted

D.abletoseeonlyoneaspect

问题4选项

A.Legislationandgovernmentintervention

B.Theindustry'sunderstandingandsupport.

C.Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals

D.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists

问题5选项

A.Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures

B.Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution

C.Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution

D.Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“他们不知道自己行为的后果”，B项“他们不愿意牺牲自己的经济利益”，C项“他们应该重视环境保护的时间还没有到来”，D项“他们很难采取有效措施”。文章第一段提到“...notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.不仅仅是接受责任，更重要的是采取措施”可知工业家们忽视环境保护主要是因为B项，故选B。

2.事实细节题。A项“通过立法、经济激励和劝说来防止污染”，B项“唤起公众对环境保护重要性的认识”，C项“采取激进措施控制环境污染”，D项“通过执行环境标准来提高生活质量”。从四个选项中可看出ACD三项为政府行为，同时文章第三段提到“Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.是的，生态学家、环境活动家和自然保护主义者致力于交流、激发和促进来推进环境保护。”可知B项正确，故选B。

3.词汇题。A项“心胸狭隘的”；B项“无视事实”；C项“目光短浅的”；D项“片面的”。文章倒数第二段提到“Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.我们必须从各个角度看待问题，做出客观的决定”‘‘Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.在方法上，我们不能再tunnel-visioned”可知“tunnel-visioned”的意思为“片面的，只看到一面的”，故选D。

4.事实细节题。A项“立法和政府干预”，B项“企业的理解和支持”，C项“环境卫生专业人员的努力”，D项“生态学家，环境活动家和自然资源保护者的合作”。题干提问“哪一项应在解决环境问题方面发挥主导作用”。文章第三段提到“However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.然而，我们中那些付了薪水来决定发展、改进和强制实施环保标准的人必须是领头人"，理解此句的关键在于明白“us”所指，第三段第二句提到“Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference我们作为环境卫生专业人员有责任发挥作用”可知，“我们的责任”指的是“我们作为专家的责任”，因此，us是指的专家，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A项“应努力防止污染，而不是采取补救措施”，B项“为了防止污染，应该花更多的钱”，C项“普通公民无法获得有关污染的技术信息”，D项“环境退化将在本世纪末停止”。文章最后一段提到“Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.我们到那时将可以把用在环保上的钱真正地用在环保预防而不是补救上”可知A项符合题意。B项在文中没有提及；最后一段提到“...wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.我们必须能够以公民可以理解的形式交流技术信息”可知C项不正确；最后一段中“Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.如果我们能在这十年里实现这三个目标，也许我们最终可以让环境停止退化，而不只是防止环境退化”中“if”表明是一个假设的条件，故D项不正确。故选A。

5.单选题

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

问题1选项

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路赶来帮助她，却发现她投井自尽了。A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”；B选项tofind“发现”；C选项inordertofind“为了发现”；D选项soastofind“以便发现”。根据语境，A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

______thatthey’reyoungandinexperienced,they’vedonequiteagoodjob.

问题1选项

A.Being

B.Provided

C.Given

D.Now

【答案】C

【解析】考查分词性从属连词。句意：考虑到他们年轻又没有经验，他们已经做得相当不错了。giventhat是一个词组，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，后面所跟的从句是基于共同的认识和已有的事实。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Habitscanbeconsciouslystrengthened,aswhenastudentoftheviolinpracticesandmemorizesdifferentfingerings.

问题1选项

A.conveniently

B.lastingly

C.intentionally

D.robustly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。consciously表示“自觉地，有意识的”。A项conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B项lastingly“持续地”，C项intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D项robustly“粗鲁地，坚定地”。句意：习惯可以有意识地加强，就像一个学小提琴的学生练习和记忆不同的指法一样。根据题意该题选C。

8.单选题

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

问题1选项

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语前半句为现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语应为we.采取……路线通常用take…route.故C项正确。句意：由于我们不赶时间，所以选了一条长的，风景好的路线。

9.单选题

Thesafarihunterwasnearly（

）todeathbyaherdofelephants.

问题1选项

A.stampeded

B.trampled

C.trod

D.stamped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stampede“逃窜，涌向”；trample“践踏，蹂躏”；tread“踩，踏”；stamp“用脚踩踏”。句意：野生动物猎人差点被一群大象踩死。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

问题1选项

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

问题3选项

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

问题4选项

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能会接受国际法和国际机构在导致美国入侵伊拉克的事件中发挥了重要作用，但仍然认为，最终，由于没有令人信服的法律依据，这次入侵的事实使关于使用武力的国际规则约束国家行为的想法和安理会在协调集体安全方面发挥重要作用的想法不可信），结合全文内容可知，作者主要在探讨分析伊拉克战争的合法性，选B选项“入侵伊拉克的合法性评估”；通读全文可知，国际法只是文章中所提到的片面内容，A选项“国际法和伊拉克战争”不能概括全文，排除；C选项“国际法对国家行为的约束力很小”和D选项“联合国和美国”不是文章主要探讨的内容，排除。因此B选项正确。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一项确定全世界人民在入侵后态度的努力表明，战争最大的伤亡之一是联合国对反对和支持战争的国家的人的信誉）可知伊拉克战争的最大受害者是联合国的信誉，选C选项“联合国的诚信”，同时可知A选项“联合国”范围过大，排除；B选项“反对和支持战争的各州的人”以及D选项“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知作者认为关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的，即反对伊拉克战争，选B选项“反对布什政府发动伊拉克战争”，同时可知A选项“阻碍布什政府发动伊拉克战争”错误，作者只是反对，不是阻碍，C选项“没有表达对伊拉克战争的赞成或反对意见”和D选项“在分析伊拉克战争的合法性时采取中立立场”错误，作者有明确的表明自己的观点。因此B选项正确。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知选D选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就得出关于使用武力和安理会使用的国际法有效性的广泛结论是错误的”；A选项“从美国那里得出关于使用武力的国际规则的作用或安理会的效用的笼统结论似乎是错误的”，B选项“就关于使用武力或安全理事会效用的国际规则的作用得出笼统的结论是错误的”以及C选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就不能得出关于使用武力的国际法的作用的结论”都和原文表达的含义有偏差。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

AlanPattonfoundthatinsuchaquick-fixedsociety,somepeopleevendon’tbothertoreadamasterpiece（

）.

问题1选项

A.inthedetail

B.inthedetails

C.indetail

D.indetails

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。C选项indetail“详细地”，介词短语能做状语；D选项indetails“逐个地”，一般和动词搭配使用，表示一部分一部分地处理。根据关键词“bothertoreadamasterpiece辛苦地去读著作”，可知空格部分indetail符合题意，句意为：阿兰•帕顿发现在这样一个快节奏的社会，一些人甚至懒得详细地去读某部著作。故正确答案选C。

12.单选题

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

问题1选项

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项helddown“抑制”；B选项keptdown“控制”；C选项cutdown“削减”；D选项turndown“推倒”。句意：旧造纸厂已被拆除，以便腾出地方建一个新的购物中心。本句表示拆除旧造纸厂，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem,thelatter-concernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencecanaffectbehaviormanyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferentlyinthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincells,whileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesinelectricofservecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5°C,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceased.Theyweretenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupofratsweretaughttorunthesamemaze,andthenimmediatelycooledto5°Cfor15minutes.Alterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirtemperature,anattemptwasmadetorunthesecondgroupthroughthemazeagain.Itwasfoundthatratsinthefirstgrouphadnodifficultywiththemazethesecondtime,suggestingthattheydidnothavetorelearnthetask.Ratsinthesecondgroupwhichwascooledimmediatelyafterlearningthemaze,ontheotherhand,couldnotnegotiatethemazesuccessfully,i.e.,theyapparentlycouldnotrememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory.Long-termmemory,incontrast,isunaffectedbythedisruptionofelectricalactivityandmayinvolvestructuralchangesinbraincells.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Rememberingaddressbelongsto（

）.

3.Theexperimentsoftwogroups（

）.

4.Ifratscooledto5℃for15minutesimmediately,whatwillhappenafterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature?

5.Electricalimpulsesaffect（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.

B.Theexperimentoftwogroupsofrats.

C.Thetemperatureforratstolosetheirmemory.

D.Theimportanceofmemory.

问题2选项

A.short-termmemory

B.long-termmemory

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAorB

问题3选项

A.temperatureaffectsrats’memory

B.therelationshipbetweentemperatureandmemoryisveryclear

C.thereisdistinctionbetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory

D.ratscanrelearnthetaskafterforgettingit

问题4选项

A.Theyhavenodifficultincrossingthesamemaze.

B.Theylosetheirwayinthemaze..

C.Theycanrememberthewaycorrectly.

D.Theygothroughthemazeafterseveraltrying.

问题5选项

A.long-termmemory

B.short-termmemory

C.structuralchanges

D.braincells

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。

3.文章最后一段第一句话itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，所以选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Thevisitingprofessorwasso（）inhisfieldthatmanyofourfacultymembersbecamenervousinhispresence.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.eminent

C.precedent

D.prudent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。根据关键词visitingprofessor（客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句manyofourfacultymembersbecamenervousinhispresence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。故该题选择B项正确。

15.单选题

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan（

）thesurroundings.

问题1选项

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。explore意为“勘查，探测”；expose意为“揭露，揭发”；exploit意为“利用，开采”；expand意为“扩大，增加”。由句中的“theradar（雷达）”可知其作用是用来探测，因此选A。

句意：通过将雷达波束缓慢地绕着圈移动，我们可以探测周围环境。

16.翻译题

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。

在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。

有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。

但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。

人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性-创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。

17.翻译题

航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

18.单选题

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular（）.

问题1选项

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项welcome“欢迎”；B选项applause“欢呼，喝彩”；C选项appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”。句意：有时候，艺术家发现他们的作品很难赢得大众的欣赏。选项D符合语境。

19.单选题

Thetwopharmaceuticalcompaniescollaboratedindevelopingnewdrugsto（）thepainofpatientsintheterminalstagesofcancer.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.confront

C.insulate

D.terminate

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。alleviate"减轻,缓和";confront"勇敢地面对,正视";insulate"使绝缘,使隔离";terminate"结束,终止"。句意：这两家制药公司合作开发新药，以减轻癌症晚期患者的痛苦。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.succeeding

C.subordinate

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。

句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。

21.单选题

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

问题1选项

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:没有人知道他是怎么想出这么一个旅行点子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厌烦的。twilight:虚幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意见一致的。weird:怪异的，不可思议的。故D项符合句意。

22.单选题

Lookingahead,hedecidedto（）hispresentjob.

问题1选项

A.stickto

B.stickup

C.stickwith

D.stickdown

【答案】A

【解析】句意:考虑得长远些，他决定坚持做目前的工作。

考查短语辨析。stickto坚持;stickup竖起;stickwith继续做…；stickdown把…写下来，放下。因此A项符合句意。

23.单选题

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

问题1选项

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

问题2选项

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

问题3选项

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

问题4选项

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

问题5选项

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据关键词“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高兴看到大多数美国人开始认识到社会道德标准的下降。选项D符合原文。

2.根据到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。选项B以自我为中心的个人主义思想，符合原文。

3.根据第四段的第一句话,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，选项B正确。

4.根据关键词“1950”定位到第三段第二句话,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”