考研考博-英语-吉林动画学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林动画学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（

）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?

4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

问题2选项

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower

问题3选项

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

问题4选项

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

问题5选项

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.（人类暴力的许多表现形式总是受到社会习俗的制约，这些社会习俗形成了侵略性的行为）可知B选项“它受社会的影响”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.（社会中的暴力行为是通过法律制度来控制的）可知A选项“控制社会中的暴力”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment（社会承担起保护个人免受暴力侵害的责任，不能保护的，由社会负责处罚）是对前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused（但在法律制度中，复仇的责任变得非个性化和普及）进行解释，因此D选项“惩罚不是由有关个人直接执行的”符合题意。

4.词义题。A选项loyalty“忠诚”；B选项objective“目标”；C选项survival“幸存”；D选项motive“动机”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice（这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、allegiance和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时刻）可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice为并列的名词词语，allegiance的感情色彩要与承诺、牺牲的感情色彩一致，结合四个选项的意思以及句意可知A选项最为恰当。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.（战争不仅仅是通过战斗来解决国家间争端的审判；这是国家对它的子民提出的承诺、忠诚和至高无上的牺牲最强有力命令的时刻）可知D选项“在战争时期，政府可以为了国家的利益牺牲个人”符合题意。

2.单选题

Ahighofficialislikelytowinrespectandtrustifhecansticktohisprinciples.

问题1选项

A.turnto

B.addto

C.keepto

D.leadto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。Stickto表示“坚持”；A项turnto“转向，变成”，B项addto“加入，加到”，C项keepto“坚持，遵守”，D项leadto“导致”。句意：一个高级官员如果能坚持自己的原则，就很可能赢得尊重和信任。根据句意可知C项正确。

3.单选题

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

问题2选项

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

问题3选项

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

问题4选项

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

问题5选项

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻译为：1962年2月，一篇发表在《科学美国人》杂志上的文章报道了一组经典的实验，以确定过量种群对老鼠群落的影响。结合后文，可以得知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻译为“然后，他通过移除那些不依赖母亲的后代来稳定人口。”因此B为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩和他的同事能够得出结论，过度拥挤会导致老鼠之间正常的社会关系破裂，这是一种社会疾病。则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻译为：实验中的老鼠没有与生活在不过度拥挤环境的老鼠一样遵循同样的行为模式。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩从经验中得知……，则排除D选项；可以得知A选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻译为：母亲们有时会抛弃他们的幼崽……则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻译为：他们表现出异常的母性行为。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻译为：在正常情况下，一只老鼠妈妈不会让她的幼崽独自死去。则排除D选项；因此A项“所有雄性大鼠均表现出病态行为”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据B项“主导性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一样严重地受到过度拥挤的影响”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻译为：在大鼠种群中，主导性的雄性种群受到的影响最小。故选B。

4.单选题

Her______instinctsledhertofundtheconstructionofahospitalforthepoor.

问题1选项

A.far-ranging

B.humanitarian

C.humble

D.popular

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.far-ranging广泛的B.humanitarian人道主义的（主张减轻人类苦难、改善人类生活）

C.humble谦逊的，虚心的D.popular受喜爱的，受欢迎的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息fundtheconstructionofahospitalforthepoor（出资为穷人建了一所医院）可知，空格处选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】她的人道主义本能使她出资为穷人建了一所医院。

5.写作题

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

6.单选题

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

问题1选项

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“要求”；B选项commitment“承诺，保证”；C选项participation“参与，分享”；D选项reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他对婚姻生活的承诺是远远不够的。选项B符合语境。

7.填空题

ProfessorReich’splaneis（1）at2:30.Canyougototheairportto（2）himup?

【答案】1.arriving

2.pick

【解析】1.语义题。Arriveat到达。

2.固定搭配。picksb.up接某人。

8.单选题

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

问题1选项

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

问题2选项

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

问题3选项

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

问题4选项

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

问题5选项

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...这些城市没有因为非洲裔美国人的迁入而失去了美国白人。更准确地不如说美国人是一个高度迀移的群体······”可知C选项“美国人迁移的本性”正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.开发被城市民主党人作为一种操纵居民且让自己掌权的方式来宣传。”可知A项“权力比人民更重要”正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明显的是这些巨大的城市贫困区是由那一个政党造成并保持的。”和“WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.让芝加哥黑人子机构成为可能的是芝加哥已有一个民主党机构。开发被城市民主党人作为一种操纵居民且让自己掌权的方式来宣传。”的对应可推知A项“对少数民族进行种族隔离”正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他们（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美国人，他们被期待去将自己的选票投给民主党。大多数美国人不知晓芝加哥是黑人政治中心。”可知B选项“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题目询问“美国城市殖民主义是······的结果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.没有人怀疑这种种族隔离（即‘Americanurbancolonies美国城市殖民地’现象）被有意地进行，但是认识到它不是由芝加哥（其从未有过奴隶）居民的种族主义态度而是由执政的政治精英造成的却很重要。”可知B项“对少数民族的种族隔离”正确。

9.单选题

Anoldsongsaysthat“lovemakestheworldgoaround.”Ifyou（1）AmericansonValentine'sDay,youcanbelieveit.Thewholecountry（2）outwithlittleredhearts.Love（3）peoplegivecards,flowers,andcandytotheirsweethearts.

Youmightcallita(n)（4）celebrationoflove.TheAmerican（5）oflovebeginswithdating.Youngpeopledateinseveralways.Atfirsttheymighthave（6）dateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.Later,theystartgoingon（7）dates—justoneboyandonegirl.Whentwocouplesgoouttogether,wecallit（8）dating.Afriendmighteven（9）ablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow.Thatdoesn'tmeanyoukeepyour（10）closedthewholeevening!Youjustdon'tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbe（11）thetimeforthedate.Americansviewdating（12）frompeopleinothercultures.Americanyoungpeopleseeadateasatimejusttohave（13）.

Theydon'talwayshavearomanticinterestinmind.Someonemaygooutwithonepersonthisweek,and（14）personthenext.Afterawhile,aboyandagirlmaydecidetheywantto“go（15）.”Thismeanstheythinkofeachotheras“boyfriendandgirlfriend.”Romanceisbeginningto（16）.

RomanticloveisverymuchapartofAmericanculture.Movies,TVshowsandbooksinAmericaall（17）peoplewhofallinlove.（18）,loveisapartofeveryculture,notjustAmericanculture.Peopleallovertheworldsearch（19）happinessinalovingrelationship.Maybelove（20）maketheworldgoaround.

问题1选项

A.see

B.watch

C.examine

D.investigate

问题2选项

A.breaks

B.comes

C.takes

D.turns

问题3选项

A.caught

B.struck

C.grabbed

D.expelled

问题4选项

A.annual

B.quarterly

C.accurate

D.acute

问题5选项

A.contribution

B.concern

C.concept

D.consideration

问题6选项

A.individual

B.group

C.member

D.acquaintance

问题7选项

A.single

B.collective

C.specific

D.intimate

问题8选项

A.blind

B.absurd

C.double

D.common

问题9选项

A.arise

B.propose

C.raise

D.arrange

问题10选项

A.phones

B.eyes

C.ears

D.doors

问题11选项

A.until

B.as

C.when

D.if

问题12选项

A.flexibly

B.similarly

C.differently

D.uniformly

问题13选项

A.romance

B.fun

C.love

D.anguish

问题14选项

A.else

B.same

C.other

D.another

问题15选项

A.swift

B.sweet

C.steady

D.steep

问题16选项

A.languish

B.bloom

C.fade

D.fail

问题17选项

A.picture

B.catch

C.exclude

D.criticize

问题18选项

A.Consequently

B.Actually

C.Finally

D.Recently

问题19选项

A.on

B.of

C.in

D.for

问题20选项

A.has

B.does

C.helps

D.leads

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

A.see看B.watch看；观察

C.examine检查D.investigate调查

【答案】B

【考查点】联系上下文。

【解题思路】上一句提到“有一首老哥中唱到‘爱让世界转动’”，本句句意为“在情人节的时候，如果你______美国人就会相信这句话”，可知，空格处表示“看，观察”，watch指有意识地看，往往指仔细地盯着看事物的变化，译为“注视，观察”。所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A项通常表示“看的客观结果”，即“看见，看到”，放在空格处不是很恰当；

C、D项不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】如果你看到美国人是如何庆祝情人节的，你就会相信这句话。

2.【选项释义】

A.breaks打破；弄破B.comes开始；出现

C.takes拿，取D.turns转动

【答案】A

【考查点】搭配。

【解题思路】本句句意是“整个国家______小红心”，可推测空格处表示“到处都是”，根据out可知，固定搭配breakout表示“爆发，突发”，放在这里可以理解为“涌现”，所以该题选择A项恰当。

【干扰项排除】

B项comeout表示“出版；结果是”，不符合句意；

C项takeout表示“取出”，不符合句意；

D项turnout表示“结果是”，不符合句意。

【句意】整个国家到处都是小红心。

3.【选项释义】

A.caught捕捉B.struck撞击，碰撞

C.grabbed抓住，攫取D.expelled把……开除（或除名）

【答案】B

【考查点】搭配。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，love______是作为定语修饰people，结合选项可知是动词的过去分词做定语修饰love，结合句意“______人们给他们的爱人卡片、鲜花和糖果”可知，空格处表示“恋爱中的人”，而lovestruck是固定搭配，表示“被爱击中的”，符合句意。所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项没有此搭配。

【句意】恋爱中的人会送卡片、鲜花和糖果给他们的心上人。

4.【选项释义】

A.annual一年一度的B.quarterly季度的，每季的

C.accurate正确无误的D.acute十分严重的；急性的

【答案】A

【考查点】联系上下文。

【解题思路】根据句意“你可以把它称为______爱情庆典”，其中“它”指的是上一段提到的情人节，根据常识可知，情人节是一年一度，所以A项符合。

【干扰项排除】

B项不符合上下文语义；

C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】你可以把它称为一年一度的爱情庆典。

5.【选项释义】

A.contribution捐款，捐资B.concern（尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑

C.concept概念，观念D.consideration仔细考虑，深思

【答案】C

【考查点】语义逻辑。

【解题思路】根据句意“美国人对爱情的______始于约会”可知，这里应该是指对于爱情的概念或观念，所以选项C符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】美国人对爱情的概念始于约会。

6.【选项释义】

A.individual个人的B.group群体

C.member成员D.acquaintance熟人

【答案】B

【考查点】语义逻辑。

【解题思路】根据句意“一开始，他们可能是______约会，几个男孩和女孩在一起”可知，几个男孩和女孩在一起可推测这是集体约会，所以B符合。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】一开始，他们可能是集体约会，几个男孩和女孩在一起。

7.【选项释义】

A.single单一的，单独的B.collective集体的

C.specific具体的；独特的D.intimate亲密的

【答案】A

【考查点】语义逻辑。

【解题思路】根据破折号后面的句意“只有一男一女”可知，他们集体约会之后就开始单独约会，所以A项符合逻辑。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】之后，他们开始单独约会，只有一男一女。

8.【选项释义】

A.blind盲目的；瞎的B.absurd荒谬的，荒唐的

C.double两倍的；成双的，成对的D.common共同的

【答案】C

【考查点】语义逻辑。

【解题思路】根据句意“当两对情侣一起出去时，我们称之为______约会”可知，两对情侣一起约会，这是成双成对的，所以C项符合。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合语义逻辑。