考研考博-英语-南京师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

问题2选项

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

问题3选项

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

问题4选项

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

问题5选项

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

问题6选项

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

问题7选项

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据原文,这里是用来形容梨“sleepy”,首先排除选项A和D。根据下文的描述,这是食物变质的两个例子,所以“sleepy”指的是梨子变坏,选项C正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,选项A表述错误,食物变质是内部的化学变化而不是外部；选项B是原文内容,不同推导出来,所以不正确；选项C在文中没有提及；选D食物外面的微生物是食物变质的原因,与原文相符,所以正确。

3.根据第三段“Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.”它们把糖变成酒精,酒精又变成酸,从而导致食物变酸。霉菌就容易在潮湿的食物上生长。所以选项B正确。根据第四段第一句“Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.”可知选项C错误。

4.结合全文内容,本文首先提出食物变质并分析原因,最后有提及关于食物保存的方法,所以选项D最能概括全文主旨。

5.根据原文句意：某些细菌会产生毒素,导致食物中毒。最糟糕的是,即使在没有明显腐烂迹象的地方,它们也可能存在。由此可知,“they”指代的是细菌产生的毒素,即使是没有明显腐烂迹象的地方也是存在的。所以选项B正确。

6.根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.”可知,选项D与原文表述一致。

7.根据最后一段的内容可知,选项A,B,C均有提及,只有选项D没有提及,所以本题选D。

2.单选题

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmelterscomparedwithanimals,21thisislargelybecause,22animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare23toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,24__themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,__25__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__26wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof27humansmellsevenwhentheseare28tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__29__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate30smellreceptorsinthenose,Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend31tothebrain,However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell32cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen33toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit34tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan35newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__36__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot37oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe38newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors39forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__40__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

问题1选项

A.although

B.as

C.but

D.while

问题2选项

A.above

B.unlike

C.excluding

D.besides

问题3选项

A.limited

B.committed

C.dedicated

D.confined

问题4选项

A.catching

B.ignoring

C.missing

D.tracking

问题5选项

A.anyway

B.though

C.instead

D.therefore

问题6选项

A.evenif

B.ifonly

C.onlyif

D.asif

问题7选项

A.distinguishing

B.discovering

C.determining

D.detecting

问题8选项

A.diluted

B.dissolved

C.dispersed

D.diffused

问题9选项

A.when

B.since

C.for

D.whereas

问题10选项

A.unusual

B.particular

C.unique

D.typical

问题11选项

A.signs

B.stimuli

C.messages

D.impulses

问题12选项

A.atfirst

B.atall

C.atlarge

D.attimes

问题13选项

A.subjected

B.left

C.drawn

D.exposed

问题14选项

A.ineffective

B.incompetent

C.inefficient

D.insufficient

问题15选项

A.introduce

B.summon

C.trigger

D.create

问题16选项

A.still

B.also

C.otherwise

D.nevertheless

问题17选项

A.sure

B.sick

C.aware

D.tired

问题18选项

A.tolerate

B.repel

C.neglect

D.notice

问题19选项

A.available

B.reliable

C.identifiable

D.suitable

问题20选项

A.similarto

B.suchas

C.alongwith

D.asidefrom

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项although表示让步，B项as表示时间或者原因，C项but表示转折关系，D项while表示时间或者对比；根据句子Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,…thisislargelybecause,…animals,westandupright.（与动物相比，人类常常被认为嗅觉不够敏锐，……这主要原因是因为，……动物，人类直立行走）可知，这里应该是转折的关系；but表示后面的内容是语句重心所在，While也可以表示对比、转折，但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看，后半句语义应当是重心所在，因此正确答案为C。

22.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项above“在……上面”，B项unlike“不像”，C项excluding“除……之外”，D项besides“另外”；根据句子butthisislargelybecause,…animals,westandright.（但是主要原因是因为，……动物，人类直立行走）可知，人类不像动物一样，人类是直立行走的。因此正确答案为B。

23.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查语义衔接及词汇辨析。A项limited“限制的”，belimitedto被限制在（指能力的缺点，弱点）；B项committed“坚定的，效忠的”，becommittedto致力于；C项dedicated“专注的，献身的”，bededicatedto献身于，从事于；D项confined“有限制的，封闭的”，beconfinedto限制在，局限于（某地或某种境地）；根据句子Thismeansthatournosesare…toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair.（这意味着我们的鼻子……闻到漂浮在空气中的气味）可知，我们的鼻子只能感知飘在空气中的气味。B、C错误，D项不符合语义。因此正确答案为A。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项catching“抓住”，B项ignoring“忽视”，C项missing“错过”，D项tracking“跟踪，追溯”；根据句子Thismeansthatournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,…themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.（.这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味，……附着于地表的大多数气味）可知，我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味，对于大部分停留在表面的气味是闻不到的。首先可以排除A、D项，ignore含有“有意不……”的意思，显然不符合语境。因此正确答案为C。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项anyway“不管怎样”（表示让步），B项though“尽管”（表示让步或转折），C项instead“相反，然而”，D项therefore“因此”（表示结果）；根据句子Infact,…weareextremelysensitivetosmells,wedonotgenerallyrealizeit（事实上，我们对气味非常敏感，我们通常没有注意到这一点）可知，本句中的infact提示了转折关系，因此要选择表示转折的逻辑关系词。四个选项中，只有though能与infact连用表示转折；因此正确答案为B。

26.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项evenif“即使”（表示让步），B项ifonly“但愿”（后常接虚拟语气，表示愿望），C项onlyif“如果”（用于表达条件关系，only表强调），D项asif“似乎”（用于表达比较关系）；根据句子Infact,thoughweareextremelysensitivetosmells,…wedonotgenerallyrealizeit（事实上，我们对气味非常敏感，……我们通常没有注意到这一点）可知，四个选项中只有A项evenif用于表达让步关系；因此正确答案为A。

27.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项distinguish“区别”，B项discover“发现”（原先没看见或不知道的事物），C项determine“决定”，D项detect“察觉，发现”（尤指发现有意隐藏之物）；根据句子Ournosesarecapableof…humansmells（我们的鼻子能……人的气味）可知，我们的鼻子能察觉（引申为闻到）人的气味；因此正确答案为D。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项diluted“稀释的（可指液体或气体的稀释）”，B项dissolved“溶解（通常指固体溶解为液体）”，C项dispersed“散开”，D项diffused“扩散，弥漫”；根据句子Ournosesarecapableofdetectinghumansmellsevenwhentheseare…tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.（我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味，即使这些气味被……到百万分之一）可知，气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一；因此正确答案为A。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项when“何时”，B项since“自从”，C项for“为”，D项whereas“然而，鉴于”；根据句子Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,…othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers（奇怪的是，有些人发现他们能闻到一种花却闻不到另一种，……其他人对两种花的气味都很敏感）可知，此处显然构成一种对比关系，只有whereas能用于引导表示转折关系的并列句。因此正确答案为D。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查词汇辨析。A项unusual“不寻常的”，B项particular“特别的”（强调某一个体或某一集团所独有的），C项unique“独特的”（强调独一无二的），D项typical“典型的”；根据句子Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate…smellreceptorsinthenose.（这可能是因为有些人没有可以在鼻子里产生……嗅觉感受器所必需的基因）可知，此处应该表示特别的嗅觉感受器；因此正确答案为B。

31.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项sign“标记”，B项stimuli“刺激”，C项message“信号”，D项impulse“冲动，推动”；根据句子Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend…tothebrain.（这些感知器就是细胞，它们能够感知气味，并且向大脑传递……）可知，细胞在这里传递的是信息；因此正确答案为C。

32.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项atfirst“起初”，B项atall“完全，根本”，C项atlarge“全面地，详细地”，D项attimes“有时”；根据句子However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell…cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoit（然而，研究发现，甚至对某种特定气味不敏感的人……也能突然变得敏感起来）可知，这里是缺少一个状语修饰整个句子；根据句意B选项最符合。

33.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项subjected“使遭受”，besubjectedto表示遭受，屈服于；B项left“剩下的”，beleftto表被留给；C项drawn“拔，拉出”，bedrawnto表被拖到；D项exposed“暴露”，beexposedto表暴露在……（经常接触）；根据句子evenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatallcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen…toitoftenenough（当经常……这种气味，即使是对某种气味完全不敏感的人也会突然变得敏感）可知，语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼罩的环境中。因此正确答案为D。

34.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项ineffective“无效的，失效的”，B项incompetent“无能力的”，C项inefficient“效率低的”，D项insufficient“不充分的”；根据句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit…tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetime（对嗅觉不敏感的解释似乎是大脑发现它……让所有的嗅觉感受器一直工作）可知，根据语境，这里应该是说大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的。因此正确答案为C。

35.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词汇辨析。A项introduce“介绍”，B项summon“召集，召唤”，C项trigger“触发，引起”，D项create“创造”；根据句子Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsitincompetenttokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan…newreceptorsifnecessary.（关于鼻子对气味不敏感的解释是大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态是效率低的，但是如有需要又可以……新的气味感知器）可知，从空格后面的new来判断，只有create才符合逻辑。因此正确答案为D。

36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查逻辑衔接。A项still“仍然”，B项also“也”，C项otherwise“否则”，D项nevertheless“然而，虽然如此”；根据句子Thismay…explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.（这或许……解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感-我们根本不需要对自己的气味敏感），“this”这个词表明了逻辑关系应该是并列，翻译成“也”，表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含义，因此正确答案为B。

37.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项sure“确信”，B项sick“厌恶”，C项aware“意识到，知道”，D项tired“厌倦”；根据句子Wearenot…oftheusualsmellofourownhouse（我们没有……自己家里平常的气味），可知，这里应该是表示闻到/知道自己家的气味，因此根据句意，正确答案为C。

38.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项tolerate“忍受”，B项repel“抵制”，C项neglect“忽视”，D项notice“注意到”；根据句子Wearenotawareoftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe…newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.（我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味，但是在拜访别人家时，我们……新的气味），可知，这里应该是闻到新的气味，因此根据句意，正确答案为D。

39.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项available“可达到的，可工作的”，B项reliable“可靠的”，C项identifiable“可辨认的”，D项suitable“适合的”；根据句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors…forunfamiliarandemergencysignals（大脑发现最好让嗅觉感受器保持……来接收陌生和紧急信号）和前一句“我们意识不到自己家里的平常的气味”可知，这里应该是表示“最好使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉和紧急信号”，因此根据句意，正确答案为A。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查语义衔接。A项similarto“相似于”，B项suchas“例如”，C项alongwith“和……一起”，D项asidefrom“除……之外”；根据句子Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsavailableforunfamiliarandemergencysignals…thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.（大脑发现自己最使气味感知器随时接受不熟悉的和紧急的信号，……预示火的危险的烟的气味）句意可知，这里需要填表示列举意义的短语，因此正确答案为B。

3.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“Intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisionsandManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavebasedtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecision.

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;MangerYdoesnot.

D.MangerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagestoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。通过A选项“加快产生问题的解决办法”定位到原文第三段“Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.”中文翻译：最后，经理们可以使用直觉去绕开深入分析，从而迅速地产生一个可能的解决办法。通过B选项“识别问题”定位到原文第三段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.”中文翻译：首先，当问题存在时，他们直觉地感觉到。通过C选项“整合不同的事实”定位到原文第三段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture.”中文翻译：直觉的第三个功能将孤立的数据和做法综合成一个完整的画面。选项D“规定明确的目标”在文章内没有被提及，故选D。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.”中文翻译：然而，一般来说，这样的作者表现出对直觉的理解贫乏。可知最佳答案为D选项“他们误解了经理们在做经营决策中如何使用直觉”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“…theclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.”中文翻译：传统的理性模式——先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能、做决定，然后采取行动实施决定，以及“Rather...tointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.”中文翻译为：而是……将行动合并到思考的过程中。可以推断出答案选择C“经理X采取行动来得到问题的解决方法；经理Y却不这样”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.”中文翻译为：第二个方式是，经理依赖直觉快速地执行充分学习到的行为模式，以及“Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.”中文翻译为：按照这种方式被使用的直觉几乎是一种即刻的认知过程，而在该过程中经理认出类似的模式。因此判断正确答案为D“直觉能让经理更有效地使用他们的实践经验”。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…”中文翻译为：大多数成功的高级经理在工作管理上都不紧紧地遵循传统的理性模式……以及“Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers…”中文翻译为：而是，在他们日常战术策略中……可知，正确答案为B项“摒弃一种传统的模式，然后介绍一种替代的选择”。

4.翻译题

Sincethedawnofhumanity,theskyandstarshavestimulatedourimaginationandcuriosity.(1)Asourunderstandingaboutouterspaceincreases.sodoesourpassionanddrivetoexplorebeyondthereachesofourownplanetandtoutilizespacetounderstandourownplanet.Justascommunicationssatelliteshaveemergedasanimportantpartofourtelecommunicationnetworks,ourdailylivesareenhancedgreatlybyservicessuchasweatherforecasting,GPS,satelliteimagery,andotherapplications.Justahalf-centuryafterthelaunchoftheSputnik,spaceinfrastructurehasbecomecentraltothewaywelive,workandplay.Thebudgetandrevenueofspaceactivitiesreached257billiondollarsin2008.(2)Moreandmorecountriesarepayingattentiontospaceandjoininginthespaceendeavor.Ithasbeenthehottopicforusallonhowtodevelopspacetechnologyinanefficientandsustainablefashionandhowtofurthertheglobalcooperationonspacedevelopment.

Ithasbeen50splendidyearssinceChinaembarkedontheroadtodevelopitsspaceindustry,startingin1956.Forhalfacentury,Chinahasworkedindependentlyinthisfield.(3)Chinahasmadeeye-catchingachievements,andranksamongtheworld’smostadvancedcountriesinsomeimportantfieldsofspacetechnology.Chinaisunflinchingintakingtheroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andalwaysmaintainsthatouterspaceisthecommonwealthofmankind.Whilesupportingallactivitiesthatutilizeouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,Chinaactivelyexploresandusesouterspaceandistryingtomakenewcontributionstothedevelopmentofman’sspaceprograms.

China’sspaceprogramattachesgreatimportancetobetterservingtheneedsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,throughactivitiesconcerningspacesystems,spacetechnologyapplicationsandspaceservices.China’sspaceenterprisesarefulfillingtheirsocialresponsibilityandprovidingcontinuoustechnicalsupporttosuchfieldsofthenationaleconomyassatellitecommunications,disastermonitoring,earthquakerescueandrelief,meteorologicalandoceanmonitoring,landsurvey,forestryandagriculture.Takingadvantageofcreativityandadvancedtechnologies,China’sspaceindustryisdevelopingITproducts,newenergy,newmaterials,environmentalprotectiontechnologiesandmodernindustrialequipment.(4)Usingspacetechnology.Chinaupgradesconventionalindustriesandrealizestheeffectiveintegrationoflowresourceandenergyconsumption,low-emissionandhigheconomyefficiencywhichisconductivetobuildingaresource-saving,environment-friendlyandharmonious-developingsociety.Chinahaslongbeenactiveininternationalspacecooperation.Chinesespacetechnologyhasalsobenefitedpeopleofothercountriesthroughsharingandfreedistributionofsatellitedataandcommercialcooperation.

Aseveryoneknows,highinputandhighriskarefeaturesofspaceprograms.(5)Facingtheglobaleconomicrecession,thespacecommunityisundermorepressurethanbefore.Enhancingexchangeandcooperationmightbethebestwaytoawin-winsituation.GlobalSpaceDevelopmentSummitoffersatop-levelforumforpeoplefromgovernments,researchinstitutes,companiesandrelevantagenciestoexchangetheirviewsatpolicyandacademiclevels,thusimprovingmutualunderstandingandcreatingafavorableatmosphereforinternationalspacecooperation.

【答案】（1）随着我们对外层空间理解的加深。我们探索地球以外的地方，利用太空来了解我们的星球的热情和动力也是如此。

（2）越来越多的国家开始关注和参与太空事业。如何以有效和可持续的方式发展空间技术以及如何促进空间发展方面的全球合作，一直是我们大家的热门话题。

（3）中国在一些重要的空间技术领域取得了举世瞩目的成就，已跻身世界先进行列。

（4）使用空间技术。中国升级传统产业，实现低资源能耗、低排放、高效益的有效融合，有利于建设资源节约型、环境友好型、和谐发展的社会。

（5）面对全球经济衰退，航天界面临着前所未有的压力。加强交流合作才是实现共赢的最佳途径。

5.单选题

Morecarewill（

）youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.convince

D.assure

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”，ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保证”的意思。ensure指确保某种行为一定会发生；guarantee指对某事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”，对事物、商品等质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证；assure指向某人保证某事一定会发生（内含有让某人放心之意，以消除疑虑）assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...

句意：多加小心会确保你不会犯这么多的错误。

6.单选题

Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.

问题1选项

A.butfor

B.without

C.ifithadnotbeenfor

D.alltheabove

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法结构。A项butfor“要不是，如果没有”，B项without“没有”，C项ifithadnotbeenfor“若不是因为……的话”，D项alltheabove“以上所有都是”。根据句子可知，空格处可以表示假设，A项和C项都符合，用来表示对过去的假设；B项也可以用来表示条件，引出虚拟语气；所以A、B、C三个选项都正确。句意：没有你的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

7.单选题

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingbecauseitinvolvesdisassemblingtheDNAmoleculeandthenrecombiningorsplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.Thegene-splicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbythisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulin（胰岛素）andinterferon（干扰素）cheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdrugstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,politic