考研考博-英语-云南现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“lawandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“liberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

问题3选项

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsinthemedia

问题4选项

A.thedesiretoeliminatepoverty

B.protectionofproperty

C.theStateoftheUnion

D.profiling.

问题5选项

A.ofhisvariedpoliticalexperience

B.heturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senate

C.hisknowledgeofLarryOlivier

D.hisstatusasananti-imperialist

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段中“Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat‘aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.’费雯•丽（英国电影演员）引起了一场特有的轰动，正如芭蕾舞女演员艾丽西亚•玛克娃温和地向我们保证‘一个玛克娃每一百年左右才出现一次’所带来的轰动一样。”和文中提及“大卫•萨斯坎德（DavidSusskind）是纽约的一位电视节目制作人”可推知“艾丽西亚•玛克娃是一位受欢迎而不理智的采访对象”，C选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由第一段中“…sotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir-our-air…如此巧妙地，以至于广播电视网经常不知晓他(即大卫•萨斯坎德)在他们自己的电台上侥幸逃脱了什么。”可知B选项“私有的而不是公有的财产”正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由第二段中“IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable…我基于明智的理由（即进入参议院是不可成功的）而拒绝了美国参议员民主党提名”可知A选项“竞选参议院席位”正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由第三段中“Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.然而，我非常温和地说，我们在美国只有一个政党，即产权党，它有着民主党和共和党两个权力党派。”可知B选项“保护产权”正确。

第5题:5.细节事实题。由第三段中“Iwasapoliticalpundit…我是一位政治专家”可知A项“他的各种政治经验”正确。

2.单选题

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

问题1选项

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项helddown“抑制”；B选项keptdown“控制”；C选项cutdown“削减”；D选项turndown“推倒”。句意：旧造纸厂已被拆除，以便腾出地方建一个新的购物中心。本句表示拆除旧造纸厂，因此D选项正确。

3.填空题

Memoryisundoubtedlyoneofthemostimportanthumanfacilities.（1）ittherewouldbenolearningfromexperience,nointellectualfunctioning,no（2）oflanguage,noranyofthequalitiesthataregenerally（3）withbeinghuman.Yet,withthepossibleexceptionofconsciousnessitself,memory（4）themostmysteriousofthemind’s（5）.Despitethefactthatmoreresearchhasbeen（6）tothestudyofmemorythantoanyothermentalfunction,comparatively（7）isknownabouthowthemindremembersthings,andwhyitalsoappearsto（8）.

Memoryisoftenthoughtof（9）theabilitytorecallpastevents.（10）someonewereaskedtorememberwhatheateforlunchyesterday,hewouldprobablybeabletogiveabrief（11）,andifwewereto（12）backwithwhathehad（13）eaten,itwouldbepossibletoseehowwellhebad'remembered’it.

Memory,（14）,ismorethanjusttheabilitytorecall.Ifthe（15）personwereaskedwhatheateforlunchayearago,hewouldprobablybevery（16）torecallit.Yetifwecould（17）himofwhatheactuallyate,liemightwellsay,“Ahyes,nowIremember.”Hewould（18）theitemsandstillcouldbesaidtohaveretained（19）memoryoftheevent.Thus,retentiondoesnot（20）implyrecall.

【答案】1.Without

2.development

3.associated

4.remains

5.function

6.devoted

7.little

8.forget

9.as

10.If

11.description

12.check

13.actually

14.however

15.same

16.unlikely

17.remind

18.recall

19.some

20.necessarily

【解析】1.词汇题。分析句子可知,it后面的句子是完整的，因此，空格处应该填入介词；此外,段首句讲到记忆是人体功能最重要的一部分，而后文用并列的否定词“no或nor”说明在记忆的某种情况下，就不会有智力功能。因此应该填入“without”。

2.词汇题。空格处和oflanguage一起应该和learningfromexperience(从经验中学习),intellectualfunctioning(智力发挥作用)是并列的,因此此处填“development”表示“语言的形成”。

3.固定搭配。Beassociatedwith与…有关。

4.词汇题。分析句子结构可知,memory是主语,themostmysterious是形容词的最高级做表语,因此空格处应该是系动词。“withthepossibleexceptionof”，表示“可能除…之外”，空格处应该填“remains”，与前文中“除……之外”形成对比关系。

5.词汇题。根据后文“mentalfunction”的提示可知，空格处可填入“function”表示“人脑功能”。

6.固定搭配。此处想表达“针对记忆，进行了大量研究”，此处可以填入“devoted”即符合句意。Bedevotedto献身于…,致力于…。

7.词汇题。根据关键词“despite”，以及“comparatively”可推知前后文句意的对比关系，前面句意为:更多的研究致力于记忆的研究，而不是任何其他的心理功能。所以此处应该填入与“moreresearch”相对的词。因此填入表示对比逻辑关系的“little”。

8.词汇题。空格前是动词不定式to,因此空格应该为动词。通过前半句关键词“remembersthings”可知,此处应填对应词“forget”。

9.固定搭配。bethoughtofas+n.被认为是…。

10.词汇题。通过分析句子谓语动词“wereasked”以及“wouldprobablybeableto”可知,这是if引导的虚拟条件句。

11.词汇题。空前brief为形容词,所以空格处应该是名词。句意:如果被问及昨天中餐吃了什么，可能给出大概的描述。因此此处填“description”。

12.词汇题。所在句为If引导的虚拟条件句。此处“…backwith”对应前面的remember,故填“check”，checkbackwith确认。

13.词汇题。空格前后分别是had和eaten,即动词的过去完成时。因此空格处为副词。根据句意可知“actually”合适。

14.逻辑分析。上段的中心句为:记忆通常被认为能回想过去事情的能力。此段开头为:记忆不仅仅是回忆的能力。因此是对上段的对比转折。

15.词汇题。此处应该填入修饰“people’’的形容词,句意为:如果一个__人被问及一年前吃过什么……,而且此处是对上文例子的一种情况的描述。因此被问及的应该是同一个人。

16.固定搭配。beunlikelyto不可能做某事。

17.固定搭配。Remindsb.of提醒某人…。

18.词汇题。根据前文句意可知空格处应该谈论继续想起这个事情的情况。因此填“recall”与“retain”对应。

19.词汇题。此处应填形容词修饰memory,句意为:……已经保留了这件事的某些记忆。因此，可填“some”。

20.词汇题。空格后是动词imply,因此空格处应为副词。此句是对此段中心句的总结,因此可填necessarily。

4.单选题

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

问题1选项

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

问题2选项

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

问题3选项

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

问题4选项

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

问题5选项

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（这看起来像一个典型的商务会议。六名身穿白衬衫、打着领带的男子鱼贯进入雅加达一家小公司的会议室，在一张长桌旁坐下。但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）由此得知在印尼，商人们经营公司的方式很独特，结合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko说，他的团队每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，与过去伟人的灵魂接触。“如果我们想聘请管理层的人，我们会一起思考，通常会得到这样的信息：这个人守不住钱，或者他不值得信任）可以推测出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，选C选项“冥想”；A选项“神秘主义”，B选项“宗教”以及D选项“投资”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）可知选A选项“古爪哇国王的灵魂”；B选项“WaliUllah”，C选项“老国王”以及D选项“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历）可知选B选项“表明他们也关注资质”；A选项“他认为神秘主义不像预期的那么好”，C选项“显示他们雇用了合格的人”以及D选项“展示科学管理与宗教结合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者说，他每周的冥想课程主要是为了带来心灵的平静，从而做出好的决定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。“有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和与过去领袖的接触会使你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐……”）可以推测出冥想的功能是让人变得平静，以至做出更好的决定，选B选项“得到冷静头脑来决策”；A选项“从神那里获得利益”，C选项“获得预知”和D选项“获得客观结论”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想帮助扭转了他的公司在1980年中期经历的业务下滑的局势。按照正常的业务流程，他仅在那一年就损失了300多万美元），结合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他们并没有查阅档案或听取报告，而是闭上眼睛，开始冥想，向古代爪哇国王的灵魂寻求帮助）可知“正常业务流程操作”应表示不冥想不禁食，选B选项“没有沉思和斋戒的常规做生意”；A选项“采用西方经营方式”属于过度推测，原文并没有明确表示该观点；C选项“与上帝接触”，D选项“把合适的人放在合适的岗位上”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

问题1选项

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】时态错误。hadmovedto改为havemovedto。“Ialreadyfeel我已经感觉”是一般现在时态，因此，前一个表示原因的分句应该用现在完成时态。

6.翻译题

Theideathataquickrecessionwouldpurgetheworldofpastexcessesisludicrous.Thedangeris,instead,ofaslump,asamountainofprivatedebt—intheUS,equaltothreetimesGDP—topplesoverintomassbankruptcy.Thedownwardspiralwouldbeginwithfurtherdecayoffinancialsystemsandproceedviapervasivemistrust,thevanishingofcredit,closureofvastnumbersofbusinesses,soaringunemployment,tumblingcommodityprices,cascadingdeclinesinassetpricesandsoaringrepossessions.Globalizationwouldspreadthecatastropheeverywhere.

【答案】

一个快速的经济衰退将会消除世界的无节制的想法是荒谬的。相反，随着大量私人债务（如在美国大量的私人债务等于美国国内生产总值的3倍）坍塌为大规模破产，这种危险就是衰退。随着金融体系进一步衰退，螺旋式下跌将会开始，然后通过遍布的不信任、信誉的消失、大量企业的倒闭、不断上升的失业率、大宗商品价格暴跌、资产价格狂跌和飙升的收回资产继续进行。全球化将会将这个大灾难扩散到全球所有地方。

7.问答题

Inmyview,suchamechanicalpredictionmissesthemark.Foronething,countriessometimesreacttotheriseofasinglepowerby"bandwagoning",muchasMussolinididwhenhedecidedtoallywithHitler.Proximitytoandperceptionsofthreatalsoaffectthewayinwhichcountriesreact.TheUnitedStatesbenefitsfromitsgeographicalseparationfromEuropeandAsiainthatitoftenappearsasalessproximatethreatthanneighboringcountriesinsidethoseregions.Indeed,in1945,theUnitesStateswasbyfarthestrongestnationonearth,andamechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstit.Instead,EuropeandJapanalliedwiththeAmericansbecausetheSovietUnion,whileweakerinoverallpower,posedagreatermilitarythreatbecauseofitsgeographicalproximityanditslingeringrevolutionaryambitions.Today,IraqandIranbothdisliketheUnitedStatesandmightbeexpectedtoworktogethertobalanceAmericanpowerinthePersianGulf,buttheyworryevenmoreabouteachother.Nationalismcanalsocomplicatepredictions.Forexample,ifNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaarereunited,theyshouldhaveastrongincentivetomaintainanalliancewithadistantpowersuchastheUnitedStatesinordertobalancetheirtwogiantneighbors,ChinaandJapan.ButintensenationalismresultinginoppositiontoanAmericanpresencecouldchangethisifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed.Non-stateactorscanalsohaveaneffect,aswitnessedbythewaycooperationagainstterroristschangedsomestates'behaviorafterSeptember2001.

Agoodcasecanbemadethatinequalityofpowercanbeasourceofpeaceandstability.Nomatterhowpowerismeasured,sometheoristsargue,anequaldistributionofpoweramongmajorstateshasbeenrelativelyrareinhistory,andeffortstomaintainabalancehaveoftenledtowar.Ontheotherhand,inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.ThepoliticalscientistRobertGilpinhasarguedthat"PaxBritannicaandPaxAmericana,likethePaxRonuina,ensuredaninternationalsystemofrelativepeaceandsecurity."AndtheeconomistCharlesKindlebergerclaimedthat"fortheworldeconomytobestabilized,therehastobeastabilizer,onestabilizer."Globalgovernancerequiresalargestatetotakethelead.Buthowmuchandwhatkindofinequalityofpowerisnecessary-ortolerable-andforhowlong?Iftheleadingcountrydefinesitsinterestsnarrowlyandusesitsweightarrogantly,itincreasestheincentivesforotherstocoordinatetoescapeitshegemony.

SomecountrieschafeundertheweightofAmericanpowermorethanothers.HegemonyissometimesusedasatermofopprobriumbypoliticalleadersincountriessuchasRussia.ThetermisusedlessoftenorlessnegativelyincountrieswhereAmericansoftpowerisstrong.Ifhegemonymeansbeingabletodictate,oratleastdominate,therulesandarrangementsbywhichinternationalrelationsareconducted,thentheUnitedStatesishardlyahegemonytoday.ItdoeshaveapredominantvoiceandvoteintheIMF,butitcannotalonechoosethedirector.IthasnotbeenabletoprevailoverEuropeandJapanintheWTO.ItopposedtheLandMinesTreatybutcouldnotpreventitfromcomingintoexistence.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whatdoesthe“mechanicalprediction”inthefirstsentencepredict?

2.Whatisthemeaningof“ifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed”？

3.Pleaselistallthefactorsthataffectthewaysinwhichcountries’reacttoastrongerpower.

4.WhatpointdoesRobertGilpintrytomakeinhisobservationquotedinparagraph2?

5.Whatshouldtheleadingcountrydotoensurethatothercountrieswouldworkwithit?

【答案】1.Amechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstthestrongnation.

2.ItmeansthatAmericandiplomacyisdull.

3.Othercountries'reaction;proximitytoandperceptionsofthreat;nationalism;thediplomacyofthestrongpower;non-stateactors.

4.Inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.

5.Theleadingcountryshoulddefenditslegitimateinterestsanduseitsleadingpowerjustly.

8.单选题

Costumejewelryisverypopularbecause____allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles.

问题1选项

A.ofitslowprice

B.itslowprice

C.thepriceislow

D.thepriceisbeinglow

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ofitslowprice价格便宜B.itslowprice它低廉的价格

C.thepriceislow价格便宜D.thepriceisbeinglow价格便宜

【答案】B

【考查点】主谓搭配

【解题思路】根据选项推测，原句语义为“用于装饰的珠宝很受欢迎，因为（because）它的价格便宜，可以有各种各样的款式（allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles）”。根据原文，空格之前为引导原因状语从句的关系词because，空格之后为从句的谓语动词allowsfor，所以，空格处所填的内容应为从句的主语，四个选项中只有B选项itslowprice“它低廉的价格”可以充当主语，符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项ofitslowprice，不能充当主语不符合要求，虽然becauseofitslowprice可以做主句Costumejewelryisverypopular的原因状语，但是与后文的动宾结构allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles不搭；

C选项thepriceislow，是一个完整的句子，可以直接跟because做原因状语从句，但是与后文的动宾短语搭配不当；如果做主语从句的话，缺少从句引导词；

D选项thepriceisbeinglow，时态和搭配都不符合原句。

【句意】用于装饰的珠宝很受欢迎，因为它的价格低廉，可以有各种各样的款式。

9.填空题

Earthquakesarenaturalshakingswithintheearth’scrust.Theyshowthatcrustalmovementsarestilltaking（1）onourplanettoday,（2）ontheMoon,whichappearstohavenosuchactivity.Seismometersenablegeologiststo（3）theintensityofquakes.MuchofChinaisseismicallyactive,withthemost（4）recentearthquakehavingoccurredin2008,inSichuan（5）.

【答案】place;unlike,measure;serious:province

【解析】句意:地震是地球地壳内的正常震动。他们发现地壳运动在我们今天的星球上仍在发生，不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。测振仪能够使地质学家测量震动的强度。中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重（破坏力最大）的一次地震发生在2008年的四川。

1.固定搭配。takeplace发生。

2.语义题。句意:不像月球上，貌似没有这样的运动。故填unlike。

3.语义题。根据前面的seismometers(测振仪)推测此处填measure(测量)。

4.语义题。句意:中国大部分地区地质活跃，最近最严重的一次地震发生在2008年的四川。故填serious。

5.语义题。根据Sichuan推测此处填province。

10.单选题

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

问题1选项

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

问题2选项

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

问题3选项

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculousth