考研考博-英语-北京石油化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京石油化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（）itornot,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

问题1选项

A.Believe

B.Believing

C.Tobelieve

D.Believed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词用法。believeitornot其实是口语里常用的句子，是个省略的句子，完整表达为(Whetheryou)believeitornot。A选项正确。

2.单选题

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscoursetoidentifyaseriesofrelatedtrendsthatcanbeobservedineconomic,socialandgeopoliticalspheres.Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena;thedigitalrevolution,theexplosionincomputationalpoweravailableacrossawiderangeofapplications,thegrowthoftheinternetandtheinventionofnewdevicesforcommunicationanddatatransmissionhavetogetherprovidedthetechnologicalimpetusforglobalization,whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.

Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists,creativeworkers,commercialandnon-commercialfirmsproducinganddistributingculturalproducts,culturalagenciesandinstitutions,andconsumers,havebeenprofound.Tobeginwith,ontheproductionsidenewcommunicationstechnologistshavefosterednewformsofculturalexpressionandopenedupnewavenuesforculturalexchange.Atthecuttingedge,artistsworkinginnewmediaareexperimentingwithinnovativemethodsformakingartandcommunicatingittoconsumers;thesedevelopmentscanbelikenedtoR&Dactivitiesinindustry,giventhattheeventualpayoff(inbothartisticandcommercialterms)isuncertainbutcouldbesubstantial.ManuelCastellshasobservedthatthisnewtechnologicalenvironmentcanbedescribedasculturalinsofarasitsdynamicsaredependenton"thecultureofinnovation,onthecultureofrisk,onthecultureofexpectationsand.ultimately,onthecultureofhopeinthefuture."

Furthermore,newtechnologistshaveledtonewwaysforculturalproducerstocarryontheirbusinessoperations,throughimprovedinformationandmarketingservices,moreefficientmanagementsystems,andsoon.Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections,performinggroupsareadoptingelectronicticketing,andnewspapersarebeingmadeavailableon-line.Atthesametime,threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingphenomenacloselyrelatedto"globalization"isNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.Oneofthecausesunderlyingtheglobalizationtrendsisthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheeffectsofglobalizationonculturalindustry?

5.Thewordimpetusinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.NewTrendsBroughtaboutbyGlobalization

B.TheCulturalCausesofGlobalization

C.TheEmergenceofGlobalization

D.GlobalizationandCulturalIndustry

问题2选项

A.Thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofcapitalresources.

B.Theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities.

C.Thevanishingofculturaldiversity.

D.Thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.

问题3选项

A.theuniversalacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciples

B.thefreemovementoflaborresourcesacrosstheworld

C.theemergenceofmanytransnationalcompanies

D.thesupportofpolicy-makersacrosstheworld

问题4选项

A.Theeffectsofglobalizationonartistsandcreativeworkershavebeenmoreprofoundthanonculturalagenciesandinstitutions.

B.Itthreatensthetraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution.

C.Museumsandgalleriescandisplayandselltheirdigitizedcollections.

D.Downloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

问题5选项

A.impede

B.fuel

C.impact

D.impeachment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文，文章主要提到了在全球化的环境给文化产业带来了一些影响，全球化对文化产业在构成一定的威胁和挑战。所以文章内容主要是围绕全球化和文化产业展开的。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.”，可知文中提到的全球化带来现象包括thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources“打破资源流动的障碍”，theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities“许多商品在全球市场出现”，freetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld“文化符号和信息的自由传播”，所以只有文化的多样性没有提及。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena…whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.”，可知这些现象的背后既有技术原因，也有经济原因，而只有新自由主义经济原则作为国家和国际决策的基础得到广泛接受，才能使全球化成为可能。所以造成全球化趋势的原因之一是新自由主义经济原则的普遍接受。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists…havebeenprofound.”，可知对于全球化对各方面的影响没有进行对比。选项A不符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections”，可知博物馆和画廊正在把他们的收藏品数字化，所以并没有提到displayandsell，选项C不符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段，“…threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.”，可知来自互联网的非法下载继续对演员、出版商和唱片公司的收入来源造成影响。选项D并未提到下载是非法还是合法的，不符合文意，可排除。同时根据此句，可知传统的文化生产和传播方式受到了威胁。选项B符合题意。

5.词义理解题。impede“妨碍”；fuel“燃料，刺激因素”；impact“影响，撞击”；impeachment“弹劾，控告”。句意：为全球化提供技术动力。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,whichofferhimcompanion-ship;somegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroa-minginsearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity，freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.Thequantityoffoodde-pendsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickani-mals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly，hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime，moneyandat-tentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

B.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

C.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

D.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

问题2选项

A.refusetoobeyitsmaster

B.immediatelyfallill

C.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

D.seekforfoodonitsown

问题3选项

A.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

B.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

C.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

D.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

问题4选项

A.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

B.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

C.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

D.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

问题5选项

A.DomesticatedAnimals—Man’sBestFriend

B.ProperDiet—theRoadtoHealth

C.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals

D.SomeTipsonPet-keeping

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】6.文章开篇指出：Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber（世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友）。据此可知，B项正确。

7.根据文中第二段：Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（家养的动物指望主人给它们提供需要的东西，只要这些需要满足了，他们就会听从主人）。据此可以推测，A选项为正确答案。

8.根据D选项中的HuskyandtheSaluki定位至文中第一段：TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.文中并未提及这两种犬是世界上已知的最强壮品种。据此可知，D项是不正确的。

9.根据第三段：Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood…Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.（所有家养的动物都需要合适的食物……放置食物和水的容器必须定期清洗，这样才能使动物们保持健康。）据此可知，B项为正确答案。

10.本文开篇就点明了文章的主题，即世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友。而且这里说的动物主要是指家养的动物，因此A项是本文的最佳标题。

4.单选题

Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.

问题1选项

A.decompose

B.decode

C.enlighten

D.enclose

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose“分解，腐烂”；decode“解密，破译”；enlighten“启示”；enclose“围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Weliveinanincreasinglydeodorizedworld.Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.

Asuddenspateofscentedtechnologiespromisestoreversethetrendbysimulatingscentsforconsumers.Althoughscentedtechnologieshavebeenderidedasgimmicks,failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories,they’reproofthatsomethingisliterallyintheairanditmightevensmelllikerosesemanatingfromawristwatchtotellyouthatit’s3o’clock.

MoresophisticatedandambitiousistheoPhone(“o”for“olfactory”).DevelopedbyHarvardengineeringprofessorDavidEdwards,alongwithhisstudentsRachelFieldandAmyYinandahandfulofdesignersandartistsatLeLaboratoirethinktankinParis,theoPhone,initsrealizedstate,willallowuserstosendthescentequivalentofsentencesandparagraphs,thankstooChipsthatcanproducehundredsandeventually,thousandsofodorsignals.Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofthenose.TheoPhonewillbecommerciallyavailableinthefuture.

Scentedtechnologieshavetheirdetractors.Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.(Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.)Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.Describinganearlyscentedtechnologythatlostfundingthe2001Digiscents’iSmell,whichwassupposedtoconnecttoyourPC’sUSBporttoprovideanolfactorydimensiontotheInternetexperience,awriterforCnameditoneofthe50worstfailsintechhistory,claiming,“Wecan’tseewhyanyonewouldneedoneofthesefatalflaws:Ridiculousconcept.”

Butperhapsratherthanseeingattemptsaddingscenttotechnologyasasignofourseparationfromreality,orcomplainingthattheydon’tfulfillanurgentneed,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.

46.Whichofthefollowinghasgotlegislativeattentionaccordingtothepassage?

47.Accordingtothepassage,scentedtechnology______.

48.Accordingtothepassage,thenoveltyofoPhoneisthat______.

49.Accordingtothepassage,someopposedtothescentedtechnologiesfortheythink______.

50.Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbetheattitudeofthewritertoscentedtechnologies?

问题1选项

A.Smellyfood

B.Scentedproducts

C.Offensivebodyodor

D.Peoplewearingperfumes

问题2选项

A.hasnotbeenofficiallycategorized

B.hasdonesomethingintheair

C.isnotregardedasanewtechnology

D.isregardedassomethingmysterious

问题3选项

A.odorsignalswillberecorded

B.noselanguagewillbecreated

C.engineeringandartareunited

D.scentequivalenceareinvented

问题4选项

A.thereisadangertolosefunding

B.peopleprefertoliveconventionally

C.rosescentmaynevercomeoutofphones

D.peoplemaylosechancetoenjoyrealitydirectly

问题5选项

A.Optimistic

B.Realistic

C.Romantic

D.Indifferent

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项受到法律关注？”。第一段提到Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.（最近几年，政府通过了一些法律，禁止在图书馆等公共场所散发“令人厌恶的”体臭，还出台了一些政策，禁止在上班时使用有香味的产品或香水。有些办公室员工甚至不允许带“有味道”的食物去上班），由此可知，受到法律禁止和关注的是offensivebodyodor，其他选项虽然有提及，但是只是一些政策，因此C选项正确。

47.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干的意思是“气味技术是怎样的？”。从第二段第二句话中failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories（嗅觉和技术都不过关），可以得知气味技术并没有被正式的定位它的类别，它在气味和技术行业类别中都没有得到认可；B项“对空气做了点什么”，这项技术是通过一些气味信号来使人感觉到气味，没有对空气做什么；C项“没有被视为一种新科技”，文中只是说这项技术被认为是玩笑，但是有研究团队研究；D项“被视为某种神秘的东西”，没有提到。因此A选项正确。

48.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“oPhone的新颖之处在哪里？”。从第三段倒数第二句Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofnose（气味信号的排序可以创造一门新的鼻子语言），可以看出oPhone可以创造出一种鼻子语言；题干问“oPhone的新颖之处是什么”，A项“气味信号将被记录”、C项“工程和艺术是统一的”和D项“发明了气味等效”均不是它的新颖之处，所以B选项最符合题意。

49.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干的意思是“这些对气味技术持反对的人认为……？”。根据第四段第二句Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.（反对者们认为这样的技术将会把我们与现实世界隔离）；可知反对者认为人们会直接脱离现实。A项“失去资金的危险”没有提到，B项“人们更喜欢传统的生活”，文中只提到Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.（一些技术纯粹主义者，他们似乎只根据这些设备的传统用途来衡量它们），没有提及传统生活；C项“玫瑰香味从来不会从手机里面传出来”，根据句子Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.（他们会说，停下来，闻闻玫瑰丛上的玫瑰，而不是手机里模拟的玫瑰香味）可知，气味技术是通过香味模拟而传达气味，反对者用玫瑰的例子只是来说明人们会与现实脱离。因此D选项正确。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“作者对这项气味技术的态度是什么？”。最后一段指出But…,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.（或许我们不应该把气味添加到技术中的尝试看作是我们脱离现实的标志，或者抱怨它们不能满足我们的迫切需求，但是我们应该把这些努力看作是对科技和气味友好关系的建立，是被压制的嗅觉的一种胜利；随之而来的是你的鼻子和心灵的自由）；由这一段话可以得出作者对这样的技术是持支持的态度，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Theperiodofhistorywhichiscommonlycalled“modern”hasamentaloutlookwhichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways.Ofthese,twoare（1）:thediminishingauthorityoftheChurch,andtheincreasingauthorityofscience.（2）,othersareconnected.Thecultureof（3）ismorelaythanclerical.StatesincreasinglyreplacetheChurchasthegovernmentalauthoritythatcontrolsculture.Thegovernmentofnationsis,atfirst,mainly（4）kings;then,asinancientGreece,thekingsaregraduallyreplacedbydemocraciesortyrants.ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctionsthatitperforms,（5）throughoutthewholeperiod(apartfromsomeminorfluctuations);butatmosttimestheStatehaslessinfluenceontheopinionsofphilosophersthantheChurch（6）intheMiddleAges.Thefeudalaristocracy,（7）,northoftheAlps,hasbeenable,tillthefifteenthcentury,toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments,losesfirstitspoliticalandthenitseconomicimportance.Itisreplacedbytheking（8）richmerchants;thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.Thereisatendencyfor（9）tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy.FromthetimeoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutionsonwards,democracy,inthemodernsense,becomesanimportantpoliticalforce.Socialism,（10）democracybasedonprivateproperty,firstacquiresgovernmentalpowerin1917.Thisformofgovernment,however,ifitspreads,mustobviouslybringwithitanewformof（11）:theculturewithwhichweshallbeconcernedisinthemain“liberal”,（12）,ofthekindmostnaturallyassociatedwithcommerce.（13）thereareimportantexceptions,especiallyinGermany;FichteandHegel,totaketwoexamples,haveanoutlookwhichistotallyunconnectedwithcommerce.But（14）arenottypicaloftheirage.

Therejectionofecclesiasticalauthority,whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage,beginsearlierthan（15）characteristic,whichistheacceptanceof（16）.IntheItalianRenaissance,scienceplayedaverysmallpart;theoppositiontotheChurch,inmen’sthoughts,wasconnectedwithantiquity,andlookedstilltothepast,buttoamoredistantpastthan（17）theearlyChurchandtheMiddleAges.Thefirstseriousirruptionof（18）wasthepublicationoftheCopemicantheoryin1543;but（19）didnotbecomeinfluentialuntilitwastakenupandimprovedbyKeplerandGalileointheseventeenthcentury.Thenbeganthelong（20）betweenscienceanddogma,inwhichtraditionalistsfoughtalosingbattleagainstnewknowledge.

问题1选项

A.moreimportant

B.theleastimportant

C.lessimportant

D.themostimportant

问题2选项

A.Withthesetwo

B.Ofthesetwo

C.Amongthese

D.Aboutthese

问题3选项

A.medievalperiod

B.Christiantime

C.moderntimes

D.scientifictime

问题4选项

A.inthehandsof

B.athandof

C.athandsof

D.inthehandof

问题5选项

A.growingsteady

B.growsteadily

C.growssteadily

D.growsteady

问题6选项

A.has

B.had

C.is

D.was

问题7选项

A.that

B.forwhich

C.which

D.what

问题8选项

A.inallegianceto

B.beingallergicto

C.inalliancewith

D.inallianceof

问题9选项

A.theking

B.theChurch

C.theAlps

D.therichmerchants

问题10选项

A.asopposingto

B.inoppositeto

C.asopposedto

D.inoppositionbetween

问题11选项

A.culture

B.government

C.democracy

D.socialism

问题12选项

A.however

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.thatistosay

问题13选项

A.Forthis

B.Tothis

C.Atit

D.Byit

问题14选项

A.suchexamples

B.theseoutlooks

C.suchexceptions

D.thesetwofigures

问题15选项

A.thepositive

B.apositive

C.thepessimistic

D.apessimistic

问题16选项

A.churchauthority

B.scientificauthority

C.liberalism

D.socialism

问题17选项

A.thatof

B.thatin

C.of

D.in

问题18选项

A.thepublication

B.anauthority

C.science

D.atheory

问题19选项

A.thispublication

B.thistheory

C.theirruption

D.science

问题20选项

A.compromise

B.opposition

C.fight

D.period

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】（1）逻辑关系。根据空格前一句，“whichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways”，可知现代的精神面貌在很多方面与中世纪不同，空格下文提到在这些方面中，有两个方面应该是最重要的。选项D符合题意。

（2）固定搭配。根据空格后“connected”可知，题目考查固定搭配“beconnectedwith”，意为“和……联系”，文意为其他方面与这两个方面相互联系。选项A符合题意。

（3）逻辑关系。根据空格后的“ismorelaythanclerical”，可知这种文化是比教权主义更加世俗的。根据上文提到了这种文化是教会主义的削弱和科学权威的提升，可知应该是指现代文化。选项C符合题意。

（4）固定搭配。根据空格前“Thegovernmentofnationsis”，可知起初，国家的政府主要由国王掌握管理。固定搭配“inthehandsof”意为“由……掌握”。选项A符合题意。

（5）考查语法。根据语法知识，副词修饰动词，可排除A和D项。根据空格前的“performs”可知，句子应该为一般现在时态，主语为“ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctions”，所以谓语动词应该用原形grow，选项B符合题意。

（6）语法题。根据题意，可知国家对哲学家的观点的影响比中世纪教会带来的影响更小，所以空格中提到的是中世纪教会的影响，要用一般过去时态，选项B符合题意。

（7）语法题。根据文章，“Thefeudalaristocracy…hasbeenable…toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments…”，可知空格前后两句的关系为修饰关系，空格后一句是用来修饰空格前的“Thefeudalaristocracy”。两句有逗号隔开，可知空格所在的句子为非限制性定语从句，由关系代词which引导。选项C符合题意。

（8）固定搭配。inalliancewith“与……联盟”，inallegianceto“献身于”，beingallergicto“对是过敏的”；没有固定搭配inallianceof。句意：取而代之的是，国王和富商联盟。选项C符合题意。

（9）逻辑关系。根据空格上文，“thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.”，这两种阶层在不同的国家有不同的权力。“thesetwo”是指国王和富商。根据空格后“tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy”，可知这类人有被吸收成为贵族阶级的趋势，所以这类人应该是富商。选项D符合题意。

（10）固定搭配。asopposedto“与……截然相反，对照”；inoppositeto“反对，在……对面”；没有搭配asopposingto；inoppositionbetween“在……间的对立面”。句意：社会主义与民主主义相反，民主主义是基于私有的民主，而社会主义在1917年首次获得政府权利。选项C符合题意。

（11）逻辑关系。根据空格后的theculture可知，上文应该提到的是带来一种新的文化形式，选项A符合题意。

（12）连词词义辨析。however“然而，可是”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且，此外”；thatistosay“就是，换言之”。句意：我们所关心的的文化主要是“自由主义者”，换言之，就是自然而然地和商业联系起来的一种文化。选项D符合题意。

（13）固定搭配。空格后的exceptions和介词to构成固定搭配，意为“针对……的例外情况”。句意：针对这种文化会与商业自然而然联系起来的这种情况，也存在很多重要的例外，特别是在德国。选项B符合题意。

（14）逻辑关系。根据转折连词but可知，空格前后存在转折关系，空格前提到了文化不与商业联系的例外情况，所以空格后句意应为：这样的例外在他们的年代并不典型。选项C符合题意。

（15）逻辑关系。根据空格前，“whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage”，可知提到了现代的消极特征，那么与空格的“积极特征”形成对应，消极特征比积极特征开始得早得多。选项A符合题意。

（16）逻辑关系。空格前提到了否定教会的权威是现代的消极特征，根据空格后文提到的文艺复兴时期，科学发挥了重大作用，可知空格中指代“对科学权威的接受”。选项B符合题意。

（17）语法题。根据单词than可知前后存在比较关系，用指示代词that指代thepast，使前后具有可比性。空格后的早期教堂和中世纪年代对that起限定修饰作用，所以用介词of连接，使其充当后置定语。选项A符合题意。

（18）逻辑关系。根据空格后文“thepublicationoftheCopernicantheory”，可知哥白尼理论的发表是一种科学的介入。选项C符合题意。

（19）逻辑关系。根据转折连词but可知前后存在转折关系，内容形成对应。空格前提到了哥白尼理论，空格后继续阐述哥白尼理论直到17世纪被开普勒和伽利略采用和改善才变得有影响力。所以空格指代哥白尼理论。选项B符合题意。

（20）名词词义辨析。compromise“妥协，折衷”；opposition“反对”；fight“斗争”；period“周期，时期”。句意：这开始了科学和教条之间的长期斗争，传统主义在与新知识的战斗中失败了。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Apetitionerbroughtabillinequitybeforethecourt.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.answer

C.document

D.complaint

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。Billinequity意思是“平衡法控诉书”，即一种诉状；A选项warrant“证明，委任状”；B选项answer“回答，答辩”；C选项document“文件，公文”；D选项complaint“抱怨”，也可以表示法律上的“控告”。句意：请愿人向法院提交一份平衡法控诉书。根据句意D项正确。

8.单选题

Exactlyhowmanypeopleexperiencestress-relatedeatingisn'tknown,butastheobesity_______worsens,there'sgrowingscientificinterestinthetopic.

问题1选项

A.peregrination

B.origination

C.epidemic

D.fragrance

【答案】C

【解析】peregrination游历,旅行;origination起源;epidemic（风尚等的）流行,传染病;fragrance芬芳,香气。句意：到底有多少人经历过在压力下进食还不清楚,但是随着肥胖的流行越来越严重,人们对这个话题的科学兴趣也越来越大。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewho