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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南林业科技大学涉外学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.填空题

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.(1)itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

(2)takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

(3)

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

(4)ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

(5)manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth(6)proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

(7)meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

(8)

ontheassumptionthat

(9)ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

(10),individualnutritional(11)canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

(12)nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

(13)theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody(14)

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

(15).

【答案】(1)since

(2)been

(3)guideline或reference

(4)intake

(5)of

(6)has

(7)which

(8)based

(9)it

(10)second

(11)needs

(12)into

(13)affect

(14)in

(15)sex

【解析】(1)语法题。空格所在句的主句部分是现在完成进行吋(表示从过去某个时间开始的某动作一直延续到现在),所以空格这是应填写一个连词since表示时间的开始,引导时间状语从句。

(2)语法题。根据上一题解析知道这里是完成进行时,taking用的是现在分词形式,根据固定搭配(主语)+助动词(have/has)+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分)知这里填写been。

(3)句意分析题。根据该句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance(推荐膳食许可量)是保持最佳身体健康的”可知这里要填一个跟RDA对等的名词,guideline或reference都可以。

(4)句意分析题。根据该句句意“针对不同年龄及性别的人们,RDA(推荐膳食许可量)列举了一些营养物的推荐摄入量。”‘摄入量’填写intake。

(5)介词用法。根据第4题的句意分析知这里句意是“针对不同年龄及性别的人们”,应该填介词of来构成介词短语作定语修饰前面的people。

(6)时态用法题。由上文可知本句也是现在完成时态,所以这里填写has。

(7)语法题。根据句意和空格后动词确定这是一个从句,这里应填一个关系代词(指代前面的“amount”)来构成一个后置定语从句修饰amount,修饰物可以填which或者that,但是前面的amount前有形容词that,所以这里填写which较为合适。

(8)固定搭配。bebasedon为固定用法,‘建立在…基础上’。

(9)固定句式:it+be动词+形容词+that从句。it作形式主语。

(10)推断题。由前一句中的“first(首先)”及前后句的句意,推断这里应该填跟其词性一样的词(其次),所以填写“second”。

(11)推断题。根据前一句句意‘首先,它是基于这样一种假设,即有可能准确定义特定人群的营养需求。’推断这里应该是“个人的营养需求”,所以可以填写needs或者requirements,但是上一句已经出现过requirements,为避免重复,填写needs。

(12)固定短语。该句句意是‘一个人转换食物摄取营养素的效率也会有很大差异。’‘营养转化’用固定短语convert…into…,所以填介词into。

(13)句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此处表达“食物混合在一起,可能影响营养成分的吸收。”主语foods是复数形式,动词affect‘影响’用原形。

(14)句子结构分析。这里的theamountofcalcium应该是milk中的,故填写介词in‘在...之内’。

(15)对应前文。对应前面第五题空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”,故这里填写sex。

2.单选题

Shelookedcloselyatthepictureforalongtime(

)everydetailinit.

问题1选项

A.jeopardizing

B.visualizing

C.dissecting

D.scrutinizing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。jeopardize意为“危及,损害”;visualize意为“使形象化,想象,构思”;dissect意为“解剖(人或动植物),仔细研究”;scrutinize意为“仔细检查,细致审查”。

由空格后的“everydetail(每一个细节)”可知D选项更为恰当。

句意:她近距离看了这幅画很长一段时间,仔细观察了其中的每一个细节。

3.翻译题

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson.,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceinother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

【答案】科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动的必要方式的表达;它只是对所有现象进行推理并给予精确和准确解释的方式。科研人员与普通人在思考方面的差别与下面的差别类似:如面包师或屠夫用普通的秤来秤量商品,而化学家用精密的天平和砝码来进行复杂的分析。关键不是使用的秤和天平在构造原理和工作方式上有什么差别,而是后者是一个更精密的仪器,当然测量结果就更准确。

4.单选题

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody(

)todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

问题1选项

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构,可知句子的主语为Thecentipede,谓语是由and连接的两个并列谓语,has和uses为句子的谓语部分。句意:蜈蚣身体的第一节有毒爪,用来自我保护和杀死猎物。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

问题2选项

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

问题3选项

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

问题4选项

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

问题5选项

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章,直到20世纪中叶,国际水域的管辖权争议很少,因为……”。由第二段第四句And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.(因为在几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上,所以国家间几乎没有管辖权的冲突)可知,国际水域的管辖权争议很少,是因为几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上,这里的“openseas”就相当于题干中的“internationalwaters”,因此A项“几乎没有控制或限制使用到海洋领域”正确。B项“海洋领域仅用于没有恶意的行为”没有提到;C项“海洋自由化的条例解决了所有有关航海及捕鱼的纷争”文中没有提到,且C项太绝对;D项“各国平等地享有公海使用权”,这不是管辖权争议少的原因。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据20世纪中叶以前适用的国际法理论,如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物,那么该国应……”。根据第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities(在这一范围内它有权但没有责任管理所有活动)和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.(除了对其本国公民的控制外,没有任何国家有责任控制国际水域内的这种活动,更不用说单方面的权力了)可推断,如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物,该国可以根据自身情况自行解决,因此可知D项“被允许自行决定解决这个问题,只要它能够遏制对自己领海的威胁”符合题意。A项“因未能适当管理海洋活动而受到国际组织的正式谴责”和B项“被其他国家呼吁建立保护其领海的规则”在文中没有提到;C项“能够但无须对此类商业活动做出法律限制”,根据第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.(由于这一领土范围非常有限,大多数国家没有建立管理或保护其领海的规则)可推断,大多数国家对领海保护方面没有建立相应的法律规定,因此C项不对。故该题选D。

63.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者认为,在二十世纪中叶以前,大多数国家在领海和国际水域方面的行动表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.(总的来说,海洋污染不被认为是一个重大问题,部分原因是沿海活动对海洋生态系统的不利影响没有得到广泛认识,而人类活动造成的污染一般被认为仅限于航海造成的污染)可推断,大多数国家对领海和国际水域的生态管理不重视,因此A项“无论是领海还是国际水域的生态系统管理都没有得到足够的重视”符合题意。B项“国际水域的无限资源导致对领海的兴趣不大”和D项“虽然这些国家可以把领土延伸到海岸线三英里以外,但大多数国家选择不这么做”文中没有提到;C项“各国认为他们有责任保护领海,而不是国际水域”,文章只在第一段提到各国有权但没责任管理领海的活动,所以各国没有责任保护领海,C项不正确,故该题选A。

64.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“作者引用下列哪一项作为领海延伸超过三英里界限的影响?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems(将领土权力扩展到一个国家海岸外200英里的地方,为各国单独管理更大的生态系统提供了机会)可知,C项“这是一些国家管理大型海洋生态系统的机会”正确。A项“对个别国家施加更大的政治压力,要求它们制定管理海洋资源的全面法律”,B项“各国之间在公海渔业管理方面有更多的管辖权争端”和D项“这是小国家解决沿海污染问题的政治动机”在文中都未提及,故该题选C。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“总的来说这篇文章作为……来描述最好”。A项“导致当今危机的一系列事件的年表”,B项“对现行法律滥用和改革可能性的法律调查”,C项“对国家关注国际问题所固有问题的政治分析”,D项“对一个需要国际关注的问题的历史分析”。文章的主要内容是对海洋污染和生态系统遭到破坏的历史原因和现状的分析,指出国际标准和政策才能更广泛地管制影响海洋生态系统的人类活动,因此根据文章内容,该题D项符合题意。

6.单选题

TheBeatGenerationisalabelappliedtoanon-conformistsocialmovementbeguninNewYorkCityinthe1950s.Itsmessagewascarriedbyagroupofwriterswhousedstream-of-consciousnessformstoexpresstheinsightsandlongingsofthosewhorejectedthemainstreamvaluesofthetimes.AlthoughtheBeatwritersproducedfewlastingworks,theirattitudesinspiredrockmusicartistsandsocialmovementsofthe1960sandbeyond.

Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.Hemeantittobeasynonymfortiedordownandout.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouacinhisphraseBeatGeneration,bywhichhechangedthereferencetomeanupbeatandbeatific.Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”

TheoriginalBeatswereagroupoffriendsfromNewYorkCitywhometinthemid-1940s.TheyincludedJackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,NealCassady,andWilliamS.Burroughs.ThatcoregroupmovedtoSanFrancisco,wheretheywerejoinedbythepoetLawrenceFerlinghettiandmanyothers.

ThefirstfamousworkofBeatliteraturewasthelongpoem,Howl,byAllenGinsberg.In1955,GinsbergreadthepoemaloudatagalleryinSanFrancisco,causingastirwithitsportrayalofdruguseandhomosexuality.ItsfamewasfueledbytheobscenitytrialofLawrenceFerlinghetti,whosoldthepoeminhisbookstore.ButFerlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.

ThemostsuccessfulBeatnovelistwasJackKerouac.Inhisbestnovel,OntheRoad,publishedin1957,KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.

OntheRoadbecameknownasmuchforhowKerouacwroteitasforitscontent.Kerouacallegedlywashighonpillswhilehewroteit,andhetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.Heissaidtohavebelievedthat“thefirstthoughtisthebestthought”,andheclaimedthatheneverrevisedwhathewrote.Thoughhesaidthathewrotethebookinjustthreeweeks,thetruthisthathehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts.

AlsoinfluentialwasanovelbyWilliamS.Burroughs,NakedLunch,whichalsosurvivedanobscenitytrial.Inthatwork,Burroughs,whowasadrugaddicthimself,tellsofhisdrug-inducedfantasiesandhistravelsamongaddictsandcriminals.

Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.TheirculturewascenteredinSanFrancisco,whichbecameacenterofrockmusic,drugculture,andprotestagainstthewarinVietnam.

TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.Itvalidatedexpressionthroughinformal,conversationallanguageandmadeprofanityapermissibletoolforrevealinghumanfeelings.

26.Thewordcoinedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheNewYorkTimesMagazineinthepassage?

28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofOntheRoad?

29.Thewordinterruptinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

30.Accordingtothepassage,Beatliteraturecanbestbedescribedas________.

问题1选项

A.invented

B.spread

C.minted

D.explained

问题2选项

A.ToshowtheoriginofthetermBeat.

B.ToidentifywhenthetermBeatGenerationbecamewidelyknown.

C.TonametheNewYorkTimesasaBeatnewspaper.

D.TogiveinformationaboutJohnClellonHolmes.

问题3选项

A.ItportraystherecklesslifestyleofAmericanyoungstersinthelate1950s.

B.ItwascompletedinashorttimewhileJackKerouacwasondrugs.

C.ItmadeNealCassadyanimportantsymbolofalibertinelifestyle.

D.ItisbasedontwocharacterstakingaroadtriparoundNorthAmerica.

问题4选项

A.suspend

B.introduce

C.express

D.exclaim

问题5选项

A.beingbannedbythecourts

B.havinglittlelastinginfluence

C.addressingpersonalfeelings,ofteninrebellionagainstsociety

D.expressingtheconservativeviewsofthe1950s

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】26.语义推测题。Coined意思是创造(新词等),根据第二段Thetermbeatwascoinedin1964byHerbertHuncke.In1948,thewordwasusedbyJackKerouac…Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”(beat这个词是由HerbertHuncke在1964年创造。1948年,杰克•凯鲁亚克使用了这个词……这个词在1952年约翰•克莱伦•霍姆斯在《纽约时报杂志》发表的一篇题为《这是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最终进入公众的意识。),可知第二段在讲beat这个词的前世今生,从来源到如今的运用,所以A选项“发明,创造;捏造”正确,B选项“传播”和D选项“解释”错误。C选项“新生产的”:根据时间推算不合理,故错误。因此A选项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Thephrasefinallyenteredpublicconsciousnessin1952withJohnClellonHolmes’sarticleintheNewYorkTimesMagazinecalled“ThisistheBeatGeneration.”(这个词在1952年JohnClellonHolmes在《纽约时报杂志》上发表的一篇题为《这是垮掉的一代》的文章中才最终进入公众的意识),可知“垮掉的一代”因为时代杂志在1952年被广为人知,所以B选项“确定‘垮掉的一代’这个术语何时广为人知”正确,D选项“提供关于JohnClellonHolmes的信息”不是表达的重点,故错误。A选项“为了说明Beat这个词的起源”:这个词是HerbertHuncke创造的,故错误。C选项“纽约时报是一份垮掉的报纸”:不符合文章意思,故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句ThenovelmadeCassadyintoaculturaliconknownforhisirresponsiblelifestyle,womanizing,amorality,andlustforlife.(这部小说使卡萨迪成为一个文化标签,以他不负责任的生活方式、好色、不道德和对生活的欲望而闻名。),可知人们把浪子和NealCassady联系在一起,所以C选项“这使得NealCassady成为放荡不羁的生活方式的重要代表”正确,A选项“描绘了20世纪50年代末美国年轻人鲁莽,不计后果的生活方式”中文化形象跟美国年轻人现实的生活方式不是一个概念,故错误。B选项“在JackKerouac吸毒的时候短时间完成”:根据第六段倒数第一句hehadbeenplanningthenovelforyearsandthathewroteseveraldrafts(他已经计划这本小说好几年了,并且写了好几次草稿),可知这部小说花了很长时间完成,故错误。D选项“基于两个人物在北美的公路旅行”:根据第五段第二句KerouacdescribedanautomobiletriparoundtheUnitedStatesbyacharacterbasedonhimself,SalParadise,andDeanMoriarty,basedonKerouac’sfriendNealCassady.(Kerouac描述了一个以他自己为原型的SalParadise和以他朋友NealCassady为原型的DeanMoriarty环游美国的公路旅行。),可知是环游美国而非在北美,故错误。因此C选项正确。

29.语义推测题。interrupt意思是中断,根据第六段第二句hetypeditonacontinuousscrollofpapersothathewouldnothavetointerrupthisthoughtsbychangingpaper.(他把这篇文章打印在一卷连续的纸上,这样就不会因为换纸而打断自己的想法),把文章打印在连续的纸张上,可知是想让想法也是连续的,推测interrupt和连续意思相反,所以A选项“暂停”符合题意,故正确。B选项“介绍”,C选项“表达”和D选项“惊叫”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

30.事实细节题。根据第九段第一句TheBeatGeneration’slastingcontributiontoliteratureisthatitencouragedwritingonmorepersonaltopics,includingthoseshowingtheunpleasantsidesofhumannatureandofsociety.(“垮掉的一代”对文学的长久贡献在于,它鼓励人们写更多关于个人的话题,包括那些显示人性和社会不愉快一面的话题。),可知垮掉的一代文学作品主要写个人感情,包括人性和社会中让人不悦的内容,所以C选项“处理个人感情,通常是对社会的反抗”正确,B选项“没有持久的影响”错误。A选项“被法院禁止”:根据第四段最后一句Ferlinghettiwasacquittedwhenthejudgeruledthattheworkdidhave“redeemingsocialimportance”andthuswasnotobscene.(但是当法官裁定这项工作确实具有“补偿性的社会重要性”,因此不是淫秽的时候,Ferlinghetti被无罪释放),可知这不被法院禁止,故错误。D选项“表达20世纪50年代的保守观点”:根据第八段Inthe1960s,thosewhofollowedBeatphilosophybecameknownashippiesoryippies.(在20世纪60年代,那些遵循垮掉哲学的人被称为嬉皮士或雅皮士。),可知垮掉的文学表达的是非传统的观点,故错误。因此C选项正确。

7.翻译题

1.TheCenterforMediaResearchrecentlyreleasedareportaboutblogs.Itsaysallstudiesagreethatblogsareprevalentaroundtheworld.

2.Onestudyfoundthatmorethanonehundredeightymillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavestartedablog.Andmorethanthreehundredfortymillionpeoplearoundtheworldreadblogs.Anotherstudyfoundbloggersinsixty-sixcountriesonsixcontinents.Itfoundblogsineighty-onelanguages.

3.Peopleinmanyprofessions,includingtheentertainmentindustryandnewsorganizations'arewritingblogs.VOAwritersareamongthem.AlexBelindaisthechiefwriteroftheVOAnewsblog.4.HediscussesissuesoffreedomofthepressandVOAprogramming.Healsoanswersquestions,commentsandcriticismfromthepublic.

5.Onarecentblog,MisterBelinda(贝林达)wroteaboutVOA’srulesdemandingaccuracyandobjectivity.HewrotethatVOArulesstatethatVOAreporters“donotspeakfortheUnitedStatesgovernment.”HealsowrotethattheideathatanygovernmentagencycantellVOAwhattosayisfalse.

【答案】1.媒体研究中心最近发布了一份关于博客的报告。它说,所有的研究都认为博客在世界各地都很流行。

2.一项研究发现,全世界有超过1.8亿人开始写博客。全世界有超过3.4亿人阅读博客。

3.许多行业的人,包括娱乐业和新闻机构的人都在写博客。美国之音记者也在其中。

4.他讨论了新闻自由和VOA节目的问题。他还回答公众的问题、评论和批评。

5.在最近的一篇博客中,贝琳达先生提到了美国之音要求准确性和客观性的规定。他写道,VOA规则规定,美国之音记者“不代表美国政府发言”。

8.单选题

Improvedconsumerconfidenceis______toaneconomicrecovery.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.subordinate

C.cumulative

D.satisfactory

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.crucial至关重要的,关键性的B.subordinate隶属的,从属的

C.cumulative(在力量或重要性方面)聚积的,积累的D.satisfactory令人满意的,够好的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“消费者信心的增强对经济复苏______”可知,空格处表示“至关重要的”符合句意。因此,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】消费者信心的增强对经济复苏至关重要。

9.填空题

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidnotflourishformuch1onger,andduringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesfactoriescloseddown.Since1934thebridgehasbeenopenonlytopedestrians.UniversallyrecognizedasthesymboloftheIndustrialRevolution,theIronBridgenowstandsattheheartoftheIronBridgeGorgeWorldHeritageSite.

F:Ithasalwaysbeenamysteryhowthebridgewasbuilt.Despiteitspioneeringtechnologynoeye-witnessaccountsareknownwhichdescribetheironbridgebeingerected—andcertainlynoplanshavesurvived.However,recentdiscoveries,researchandexperimentshaveshednewlightonexactlyhowitwasbuilt,challengingtheassumptionsofrecentdecades.In1997asmallwatercoloursketchbyEliasMartincametolightintheSwedishcapital,Stockholm.Althoughthereisawealthofearlyviewsofthebridgebynumerousartists,thisistheonlyonewhichactuallyshowsitunderconstruction.

G:Upuntilrecentlyithadbeenassumedthatthebridgehadbeenbuiltfrombothbanks,withtheinnersupportstiltedacrosstheriver.Thiswouldhaveallowedrivertraffictocontinueunimpededduringconstruction.Butthepictureclearlyshowssectionsofthebridgebeingraisedfromabargeintheriver.Itcontradictedeverythinghistorianshadassumedaboutthebridge,anditwasevenconsideredthatthepicturecouldhavebeenafakeasnootherhadcometolight.Soin2001ahalf-scalemodelofthebridgewasbuilt,inordertoseeifitcouldhavebeenconstructedinthewaydepictedinthewatercolour.Meanwhile,adetailedarchaeological,historicalandphotographicsurveywasdonebytheIronbridgeGorgeMuseumTrust,alongwitha3DCAD(computer–aideddesign)modelbyEnglishHeritage.

H:Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Wenowknowthatallthelargecastingsweremadeindividuallyastheyareallslightlydifferent.Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.Theconstructionofthemodel

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