考研考博-英语-内蒙古民族大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古民族大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?

问题1选项

A.Monkeys.

B.Cats.

C.Porcupines.

D.Mice.

问题2选项

A.trees

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

C.smallerspecies

D.hightropicalcanopies

问题3选项

A.resemble

B.protect

C.characterize

D.divide

问题4选项

A.Canopy

B.Terminalleaves

C.Springboard

D.Airfriction

问题5选项

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一种动物在树冠上层不常见？

A.Monkeys.A.猴子。

B.Cats.B.猫。

C.Porcupines.C.豪猪。

D.Mice.D.老鼠。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的树冠层（canopy），也就是树木的上层（upperlevelofthetrees），有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳动物，其中可能包括猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪”可知，在树冠上层常见的动物是猴子、猫、果子狸和豪猪；结合第二句“较小的物种，包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物，在热带高树冠层中并不像（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas）在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍”，由其中的notasprevalent可知，老鼠和小松鼠这种较小的物种在树冠上层并不常见，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都是在树冠上层常见的动物，属于反向干扰。

22.【选项释义】

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他们”指的是______。

A.treesA.树

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳动物

C.smallerspeciesC.较小的物种

D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高热带的树冠

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第一段第二句“较小的物种（Smallerspecies），包括老鼠和小松鼠等啮齿动物，在热带高树冠层中并不像在全球大多数栖息地中那样普遍（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally）”，其中用了as…as…的比较，比较的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally，所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不正确，属于曲解原文。

23.【选项释义】

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify这个单词的意思最接近______。

A.resembleA.相像

B.protectB.保护

C.characterizeC.特征

D.divideD.分割

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝，但相比大型攀援动物来说，它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个typify为高树冠之间的宽间隙”，从句子中可知，typify在定语从句中做的是谓语动词，宾语是highcanopy，来修饰nexttreecrown，而high就是nexttreecrown的特征，所以typify的意思和“特征”相近，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项属于曲解原文。

24.【选项释义】

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪个术语在文章中有定义？

A.CanopyA.树冠

B.TerminalleavesB.顶端的叶子

C.SpringboardC.跳板

D.AirfrictionD.空气阻力

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位文章第一句“树冠层，也就是雨林树木的上层（Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest）”，可知canopy的定义在文章有解释，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均没有提到它们的定义，属于出处错位。

25.【选项释义】

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题？

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.热带雨林与其他栖息地有何不同？

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.动物的体型如何影响动物对食物的需求？

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.为什么雨林为动物提供了不同寻常的食物？

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.为什么大型动物倾向于支配热带雨林的上层树冠？

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】这篇文章主要描述了动物栖息在树冠层的优点，第一段先介绍树冠上常见的栖息动物；接着后面三段通过对小型哺乳动物和大型哺乳动物在树冠层生存的对比，来介绍大型动物更有利于支配雨林的上层树冠，如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它们在树冠的树枝和树干间攀爬来寻找昆虫、花、或水果，但在对食物的竞争上小型哺乳动物却被大型哺乳动物超越，大型的动物有它们自己的策略来穿梭于食物丰富的树枝间”，以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援动物能够容易地爬树枝，但相比大型攀援动物来说，它们更难跨过从一个树冠到另一个高树冠之间的宽间隙”，所以D项是文章回答的问题。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项文中没有对雨林进行比较，属于无中生有；

B选项属于以偏概全，不够全面。

2.案例题

Ifmovietrailers（预告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心灵的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根据第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（预告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介词in后面接名词或动名词。

2.根据第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在这里相当于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名词即可。

3.

根据关键词“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重点理解proceed和ceed意为"在之前"，secure意为"获得，得到"。

4.根据关键词“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在这里为介词，后面接名词或动名词。

5.根据第三段的内容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”题干中的to不定式做is的表语，后面直接用动词且为原形。

3.填空题

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualfromensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.

Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bfrom改为by

【解析】【考查点】介词。

【解题思路】protect为这里的谓语动词，指的是维护个体自由，B部分到句尾指的是维护个体自由的方式，介词by“（表示方式）”符合语境。

【句意】竞争可以权力垄断，维护个体自由。与全能的政府相比，许多企业为了利润而相互竞争。

4.单选题

The（）BritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingoncesaidinaninterviewthatheavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark.

问题1选项

A.imposing

B.lofty

C.prominent

D.eminent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。空格处应填入形容词修饰physicist。imposing“壮观的，威风的”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。句意：英国杰出的理论物理学家斯蒂芬•霍金曾在一次采访中说，天堂是为害怕黑暗的人准备的童话故事。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

问题1选项

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

问题2选项

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

问题4选项

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

问题5选项

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且无养料的海水中繁衍的。第二段开头开始转折，作者指出人类活动是怎样对珊瑚礁的栖息地造成破坏的，所以B选项‘解释人类活动如何对珊瑚礁群落构成威胁’为正确答案。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一个反问句表明珊瑚礁适合在低养料的清澈海水中生长。确定A选项符合题意。珊瑚礁很难在浅水滩边繁殖，所以B选项错误，排除。人类活动导致海水中的养料增加，而并非增加了海水的温度，从而破坏了珊瑚礁的栖息地，C选项错误，排除。食草动物数量的不稳定并不是珊瑚礁生长造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破坏的一种表现，D选项错误，排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型症状是食草动物种群的不稳定，以及藻类和滤食性动物数量的增加。”确定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是为了说明珊瑚礁减少的特征。A选项正确。

4.细节判断题。根据文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.农业、刀耕火种、污水处理以及制造业向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，从而增加了海水的营含量。”和“Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁对养料排入海水中发生的微妙变化很敏感，随着人口的增加，排放到海水的养料也随之増加，珊瑚礁的数量也就减少了。”可知人类排放的垃圾增加了海水的营养含量，从而威胁着珊瑚礁的生长。D选项符合题意。

5.推理判断题。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少养料的海水中生长，是因为有一种叫虫黄藻的水藻与它共生。虫黄藻能够与珊瑚礁的粪便进行光合作用，从而又为珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，尽管在食物资源极度缺乏的环境下，珊瑚礁也能够生长。所以C选项‘它们能够在食物资源有限的环境中生存’符合题意。

6.单选题

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.

问题1选项

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。such和as搭配，so和that搭配，所以这里只能填入as。句意：这顿晚餐并不像她所承诺的那样好。选项D正确。

7.单选题

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

问题1选项

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“极端”；wreckage“残骸”；supremacy“至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

问题1选项

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项adduce“（v.）举出；引证”；B选项suspension“悬浮；暂停；停职”；C选项bay“海湾；狗吠声”；D选项court“法院；球场；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到来之前，这笔交易被暂时搁置。abeyance“中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

问题1选项

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使习惯于；formulate用公式表示，明确地表达；overhaul检查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什总统于星期三对国会发出警告，如果不支持他推动社会保险的全面改革可能会产生政治影响。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

问题1选项

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.freedom自由B.assistance帮助

C.clues线索，提示D.funds基金

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】根据后文“不会影响创造力（creativity）”推断，雇主的这个行为如果处理不当会影响员工的创造力，原词hint“暗示，提示”，因此C选项clues“线索，提示”与原词意思最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项freedom“自由”，与创造力无关；

B选项assistance“帮助”，语义太宽泛，没有C选项具体；

D选项funds“基金”，与创造力无关。

【句意】一个好的雇主会给他或她的员工一些暗示，而不会影响他们的创造力。

11.翻译题

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpower.ItishardlysurprisingthattheUSisdominant,accountingforalittlelessthanahalfofallglobalartsales;Europeaccountsformuchoftherest,withtheUKtakingasitssharearoundahalfofthat.

【答案】艺术的自由不仅仅是一种理想。尽管成功的几率很小，艺术家这个行业很受欢迎，这是因为它提供了一种劳动前景，这显然摆脱了专业狭隘化的限制，让艺术家像电影里的英雄一样，赋予自己工作和生活的意义。同样地，对于艺术欣赏者来说，在欣赏无目的的艺术思想和形式时也有一种相应的自由，而这种欣赏不是盲目地试图揣测艺术家的意图，而是让作品激发他们与个人自身经历相关的想法和感觉。

然而，我们有理由怀疑自由贸易和自由艺术是否和它们看起来那样相反。首先，艺术经济严密地反映了金融资本经济。

文化占主导地位的国家拥有丰富的当地文化，能够满足国内市场的需求，因而可以少引进，多出口。

正如Sassoon指出，这并不意味着每个人都要消费美国文化，只是大多数跨国界传播的文化都是美国文化。

Sassoon挑选好的艺术作品是经过自己理智考虑的，在于它有没有巨大的市场。在一个完全国际化的体系中，很难从贸易数据中判断文化是否处于主导地位。所以，可能存在这样的情况，一位德国收藏家从一个英国商人那里买到了一位华裔艺术家的作品。然而，了解每个国家文化产品的贸易量，鉴于一个国家艺术产品在整个艺术市场所占的比例，可以判断出这个国家的文化艺术品是否处于国际领导地位。下面是一些有关于金融大国比例分配惊人的相似点。

12.翻译题

ThegreatworkofGibbonisindispensabletothestudentofhistory.TheliteratureofEuropeoffersnosubstitutefor"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire."Ithasobtainedundisputedpossession,asrightfuloccupant,ofthevastperiodwhichitcomprehends.Howeversomesubjects,whichitembraces,mayhaveundergonemorecompleteinvestigate,on,onthegeneralviewofthewholeperiod,thishistoryisthesoleundisputedauthoritytowhichalldefer,andfromwhichfewappealtotheoriginalwriters,ortomoremoderncompilers.Theinherentinterestofthesubject,theinexhaustiblelaboremployeduponit;theimmensecondensationofmatter;theluminousarrangement;thegeneralaccuracy;thestyle,whichisthroughoutvigorous,animated,often,picturesquealwayscommandsattention-describeswithsingularbreadthandfidelity,andgeneralizeswithunrivalledfelicityofexpression:allthesehighqualificationshavesecured,andseemlikelytosecure,itspermanentplaceinhistoricliterature.ThisvastdesignofGibbon,themagnificentwholeintowhichhehascastthedecayandruinoftheancientcivilization,theformationandbirthoftheneworderofthings,willofitself,independentofthelaboriousexecutionofhisimmenseplanrender"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire"anunapproachablesubjecttothefuturehistorian.ThisextentandharmonyofdesignisunquestionablythatwhichdistinguishestheworkofGibbonfromallothergreathistoricalcompositions.Hehasfirstbridgedtheabyssbetweenancientandmodemtimes,andconnectedtogetherthetwogreatworldsofhistory.Thegreatadvantagewhichtheclassicalhistorianspossessoverthoseofmoderntimesisinunity,ofplan,ofcoursegreatlyfacilitatedbythenarrowerspheretowhichtheirresearcheswereconfined.

ExceptHerodotus,thegreathistoriansofGreece—weexcludethemoremodemcompilers,likeDiodorusSiculus—limitedthemselvestoasingleperiod,oratleasttothecontractedsphereofGrecianaffairs.

Naturalunityconfinedtheirnarrativealmosttochronologicalorder,theepisodeswereofrareoccurrenceandextremelybrief.

TotheRomanhistoriansthecoursewasequallyclearanddefined.Romewastheircentreofunity;andtheuniformitywithwhichthecircleoftheRomandominionspreadaround,theregularitywithwhichtheircivilpolityexpanded,forced,asitwere,upontheRomanhistorianthatplanwhichPolybiusannouncesasthesubjectofhishistory,themeansandthemannerbywhichthewholeworldbecamesubjecttotheRomansway.HowdifferentthecomplicatedpoliticsoftheEuropeankingdoms!

Everynationalhistory,tobecomplete,must,inacertainsense,bethehistoryofEurope;thereisnoknowingtohowremoteaquarteritmaybenecessarytotraceourmostdomesticevents;fromacountry,howeverapparentlydisconnected,mayoriginatetheimpulsewhichgivesitsdirectiontothewholecourseofaffairs.

【答案】欧洲的文献无法替代《罗马帝国衰亡史》的作品。在过去的很长时间里。它都处于主导地位。然而，它所包含的一些主题还需要经历更加完善的研究调查。从整体上来看，该书具有无可争议的权威性，无论是对于随后的历史编写者还是现代的编写者。

这种风格充满活力、生气勃勃并且极具吸引力。这种风格用独特的视觉和保真度进行描述，并以无与伦比的表达来进行归纳概括。

这部伟大的著作对罗马古文明的腐化、衰亡及新秩序的诞生的描写体现了这本著作的伟大思想精华。从它的构思来看，《罗马帝国衰亡史》使以后的历史学家望尘莫及的，更不用说以后实行撰写计划的创作了。

那个曾经侵略和压迫过整个世界的最非凡的统治逐渐衰弱必须引起人们的注意和兴趣，人们不能漠然地看待那些难以忘怀的时代。

这种设计的广度和协调性是值得肯定的，这将吉本的作品与其他伟大的历史作品区分开来。

古典历史学家与现代历史学家相比，最大的优势在于整体性，当然，由于他们的研究范围较窄，这有利于促进研究。

顺乎自然的统一性把他们都倾向于用时间顺序记录历史，情节很少，而且极其简短。

每一部完整的民族史，在某种意义上，就是欧洲的历史。我们无从知道要追溯我们国内的历史事件有多遥远。

13.单选题

PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.destined

C.bound

D.disposed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prone“俯卧的；有……倾向的，易于……的”；B选项destined“注定的；命定的”；C选项bound“有义务的；必定的；受约束的”；D选项disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可怜的威廉再次住院。这个不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。结合句意可知A选项正确。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingfromChineseintoEnglish.

在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义，人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人吋首先看到的都是他或她的优点，这一点颇像是在赞馆里用衩的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的吋候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜吋，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静。吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为贵备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为：第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糖甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷吋有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。

【答案】Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Peopleareveryinteresting.Whenwefirstmeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weonlynoticehisorhermerits.Thisisquiteliketheexperienceofdininginarestaurant.Atthebeginning,whenwetakethefirstcourseorcolddishes,wearefullofpraise.Wealsopraisethefirsttwomaincourses.Themorewetake,thecalmerwebecome.Afterwefinishthedinner,allkindsoffaultsarefoundout.Thendelightturnsintoangry,praiseintocomplaint,anoddingheadintoasharkingone.Thisisbecause：first,youareinastateofhungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Whenoneishungry,huskwilltasteassweetashoney;butwhenoneisfull,evenhoneywillnottastesweet.Second,whenyoubegintoeatinanewrestaurant,everythingisfreshtoyou.Anewlatrinesmellsfragrant.Thiscanalsobecalleddefamiliarizationeffect.

15.单选题

Thetrainclatteredoverpointsandpassedthroughastation.

Thenitbegansuddenlytoslowdown,presumablyinobediencetoasignal.Forsomeminutesitcrawledalong,thenstopped;presentlyitbegantomoveforwardagain.Anotherup-trainpassedthem,thoughwithlessvehemencethanthefirstone.Thetraingatheredspeedagain.Atthatmomentanothertrain,alsoonadown-line,swervedinwardstowardsthem,foramomentwithalmostalarmingeffect.Foratimethetwotrainsranparallel,nowonegainingalittle,nowtheother.Mrs.McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages.Mostoftheblindsweredown,butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible.Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandthereweremanyemptycarriages.

Atthemomentwhenthetwotrainsgavetheillusionofbeingstationary,ablindinoneofthecarriagesflewupwithasnap.Mrs.McGillicuddy,lookedintothelightedfirst-classcarriagethatwasonlyafewfeetaway.

Thenshedrewherbreathinwithagaspandhalf-rosetoherfeet.

Standingwithhisbacktothewindowandtoherwasaman.Hishandswereroundthethroatofawomanwhofacedhim,andhewasslowly,remorselessly,stranglingher.Hereyeswerestartingfromtheirsockets,herfacewaspurple.AsMrs.McGillicuddywatched,fascinated,theendcame;thebodywentlimpandcrumpledintheman’shands.

Atthesamemoment,Mrs.McGillicuddy’strainsloweddownagainandtheotherbegantogainspeed.Itpassedforwardandamomentortwolaterithadvanishedironsight.

AlmostautomaticallyMrs.McGillicuddy'shandwentuptothecommunicationcord,thenpaused,irresolute.Afterall,whatusewoulditberingingthecordofthetraininwhichshewastravelling?Thehonorofwhatshehadseenatsuchclosequarters,andtheunusualcircumstances,