考研考博-英语-内蒙古经贸外语职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古经贸外语职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment（

）thecommunity.

问题1选项

A.inplaceof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.onbehalfof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。inplaceof意为“代替”；onaccountof意为“由于”；intermsof意为“依据，按照”；onbehalfof意为“代表，为了”。

句意：部分物品的费用以税收的形式由政府代表社会征收。

2.单选题

Alieisasmuchalie,whenitiswhisperedorwhenitis（）atthemarketcross.

问题1选项

A.proclaimed

B.reclaimed

C.acclaimed

D.claimed

【答案】A

【解析】形近词词义解析。proclaim“声明”；reclaim“指收回或利用废物”；acclaim“喝彩”；claim“声称”。句意：谎言就是谎言，不管是小声说的，还是在街上大声宣扬的。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause（

）

4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.anewregulationforallairlines

B.thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

问题2选项

A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems

B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding

C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers

D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference

问题3选项

A.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

D.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

问题4选项

A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane

B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith

C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethatsameeffectsinlabs

D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch

问题5选项

A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassenger’useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C.hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇第一句话点明主旨:Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass(如今航空公司面临的最大的安全威胁可能不是持枪的恐怖分子，而是商务舱里带着便携式电脑的乘客)。故选C。

2.细节事实。根据题干定位至第一段:Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference(在过去的15年中，飞行员报告说100多起事故可能由电磁干扰引起的)。

3.细节事实。根据题干定位至第二段:mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights(由于许多乘客想在飞行期间工作，多数航空公司不愿意执行全面禁令)。

4.细节事实。第三段给出了原因:But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.(由于他们无法在实验室中重现这些效应，他们无法知道干扰是否有危险)。

5.观点态度。根据文章大意，可以看出作者的态度。

4.单选题

Thegapbetweenwhatweknowandallthatcanbeknownseemsnotto（）,butrathertoincreasewitheverynewdiscovery.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.eliminate

C.diminish

D.extinguish

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。clarify“澄清，阐明”；eliminate“消除，淘汰”；diminish“减少，贬低”；extinguish“熄灭，使破灭”。句意：我们知道的事情和未知的事情之间的间距似乎没有减少，反而随着新事物的发现而增加了。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.

问题1选项

A.immoral

B.immortal

C.unscrupulous

D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项immoral“不道德的（生活作风上的道德上的错误）；邪恶的；淫荡的”；B选项immortal“不朽的；神仙的；长生的”；C选项unscrupulous“肆无忌惮的；寡廉鲜耻的；不讲道德的（不诚实或不公平）”；D选项ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的”。句意：他们使用___销售策略来击败主要的竞争对手。本句表达“肆无忌惮的销售策略”，指不诚信、不公平的销售手段，和生活作风无关。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thediscoveryofdistillationisusually（）totheArahsofthe11thcentury.

问题1选项

A.accredited

B.credited

C.regarded

D.accomplished

【答案】A

【解析】句意:通常认为，蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Accredit把……归于；认为（某事为某人所说、所做），常用被动语态，常见搭配为sth.tosb.或〜sb.withsth.；credit把…记入贷方；认为是…的功劳，常用搭配为〜A（withB）或〜B（toA）；regard将…认为；把…视为，常见搭配为sb./sth.（withsth.）或〜sb./sth.assth.；accomplish完成；实现。因此符合句意并且能跟介词to搭配的为选项A。

7.单选题

Thelossofthe（

）ofhishearingdidn’tstophimfrombeingausefulmemberofthesociety.

问题1选项

A.ability

B.capability

C.power

D.faculty

【答案】A

【解析】句意:听觉能力的丧失阻碍不了他成为一名对社会有用的人。

考查名词辨析。Ability能力,才能（指人先天的或学来的各种能力）;capability才能，能力，，容量（指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜能）;power功率，力量，能力，政权，势力（泛指一切力量或能力等）;faculty科，系，能力，全体教员（指特殊的才能或智力）。由关键词hearing(听力)可知这里指先天能力,故选A。

8.单选题

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe“greatclasslesssociety”.Theideathatthe20thcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofgreatclichesofourtime.

Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:Monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthascompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,“survivalofthefittest”，and“mightisright“arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmeritfor“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”；inotherrespectssocietyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained

Genuineability,animalcunning,skilltheknackofseizingopportunities,allbringsmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem“agoodstartinlife”.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality.Wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality.Privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause（

）.

3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?

4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,“classdivisions”refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.

B.Equalitymeansmoney.

C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.

D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.

问题2选项

A.theprinciple“survivalofthefittest”exists.

B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.

C.materialrewardsareforgenuineability.

D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.

问题3选项

A.Thosewithwealth.

B.Thosewiththebestbrains..

C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.

D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.

问题4选项

A.moneydecideseverything.

B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.

C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.

D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.

问题5选项

A.therichandthepoor.

B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.

C.oppressorandtheoppressed.

D.geniusandstupidity.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem(20世纪的机会均等并没有破坏阶级制度)能更好概括本文主旨。

2.细节题。作者指出:自然在分配大脑和能力的时候，完全不考虑平等的原则。有智慧能力才能生存，才能获报偿，这已经是不平等，因此即使获同样的受教育的机会，也不可能铲除不平等。

3.细节题。第三段指出:英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。因此推测,有钱人能够快速获得成功。

4.细节题。英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。因为有钱,才上得起私立学校。故选A。

5.推断题。作者强调穷人,富人在天赋、教育机会等方面的差异造成即使是同样的教育机会也不可能铲除不平等,因此在作者眼里,真正的阶级分化在于贫富差距。

10.单选题

Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t（）fromtellingthemwhathethought.

问题1选项

A.holdoff

B.holdon

C.holdback

D.holdup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意为“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生气，忍不住把自己的想法告诉了他们。”选项C符合句意。

11.翻译题

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女权主义传统强调个人的人权并崇尚妇女追求个人的自主，却贬低性别角色的重要性并减少对生育子女和抚养子女责任的探讨。

然而，从1890年到1920年，关系论的女权主义在女权思想中占主导地位而且现在仍然在欧洲和非西方女权主义者中占优势，它在英国和美国失去了影响。

但是利己主义的研究方法，通过抨击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，谴责现存家庭体制是不可救药的家长制,常常将对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色仅视为毫不重要的事情。

12.单选题

E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat（

）welltohumanneeds.

问题1选项

A.conforms

B.adheres

C.reflects

D.satisfies

【答案】B

【解析】句意:电子邮件是一种方便的、非常大众化的非正式信息传递媒介,它很符合人类的需求。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Conform符合,遵照,常与介词to或with连用;adhere遵守,坚持,粘附;reflect反映,反射,反省;satisfy使满意,满足,可作及物动词。故B项无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题干要求。

13.单选题

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

问题1选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题2选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题3选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题4选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题5选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1题:F

第2题:E

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.联系上下文。第二段开头提到committee时，使用了定冠词the修饰committee，说明前文该词就已出现过，选项F中含有committee,也同样提到了investigate,与下文的investigation呼应。

2.联系上下文。空格前一句提及应该指责的是麻省理工学院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而对此却束手无策。选项E中提及女性没有成为科学家是因为科学(或科学家)都是男性，与前文意思最为接近。

3.联系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一个人都同意在麻省理工暴露的问题就是歧视的这一说法，接下来作者很有可能要举例说明该观点。另外，第二段末提到了一个人名Kleinfeld,说明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相关信息，选项中符合语境的只有选项B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”与上文信息呼应。

4.联系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授认为麻省理工的女性科学家被边缘化不是因为性别歧视，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多数女物理学家所经历的事业问题通常来自于无意识的偏见(unconsciousbias),前后两段内容相反，由此可知，空格处句子表示转折承接，C、D入选，而只有选项C中提及了discrimination,与下文遥相呼应。

5.联系上下文。选项A中的inalmostallcultures与上文中的across130countries互相呼应。

14.单选题

Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfromsuccumbingtotheravagesoftime.

问题1选项

A.standingby

B.countingon

C.yieldingto

D.holdingup

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。“historicalmonuments历史遗迹”与"theravagesoftime时间的摧残"之间的关系是时间能摧残历史遗迹。句意：埃及政府正努力阻止历史遗迹（）时间的摧残。可推断出succumbingto是屈服的意思。standby支持，袖手旁观；counton依赖，依靠；yieldto屈服，让步；holdup举起，阻挡。故C项正确。

15.单选题

After-salesserviceandguaranteebecomeanintegralandessentialpartofa“goodbrand”onbothlocalandregionallevels,andtheprovisionofsuchalsoproducedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty.

Customerstodayarealotmoredemandingthanbefore.Beingabletofindafter-salesservicecreatesafeelingofconvenienceandasenseofresponsibilityfromthemanufacturer.Thisisveryimportanttobuildcustomerloyaltyandexplainswhymore24-hourshotlinecentersareavailablenowadays.Productguaranteeisalsooneofthemajorfactorswhenapotentialcustomerdecidestomakeapurchase.Whetherthisbeintheformofawrittenguaranteeoraguaranteebasedonreputation,theimportancetotheconsumerisself-evident.

Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment,anunavoidableinvestment,usuallybackupsafetyguaranteesformarketersnowadays.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedforbothnewandexistingproducts.Withthehelpofcomputerizedmachinery,qualitycontrolhasachievedthehighestlevelthaneverbeforetoenableconsistencyinproduction.Fortheconsumerthismeansaqualityofguaranteeforthatbrandwhetheritbeavailableathomeorabroad.

11.After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.

12.More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.

13.Productguarantee____.

14.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedfor____.

15.WhichisNOTmentionedconcerningproductguarantee?

问题1选项

A.solidgroundforcustomerloyalty

B.asenseofresponsibility

C.afeelingofconvenience

D.asenseofsatisfaction

问题2选项

A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservices

B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomers

C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesservice

D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestment

问题3选项

A.mustbeinwrittenform

B.canbebasedonthecompany’sreputation

C.isnotoftenprovidedbythecompanies

D.oftenfailstomeetinreality

问题4选项

A.newproductsonly

B.qualityproducts

C.dangerousproducts

D.bothnewandexistingproducts

问题5选项

A.Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment.

B.Producttestingandrefinement.

C.Qualitycontrol.

D.Productdistribution.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】11.【选项释义】

After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.售后服务和产品保证可以产生____。

A.solidgroundforcustomerloyaltyA.客户忠诚度的坚实基础

B.asenseofresponsibilityB.责任感

C.afeelingofconvenienceC.一种便利的感觉

D.asenseofsatisfactionD.满足感

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词After-salesserviceandguarantee和produce定位到原文第一段。该段提到“售后服务和产品保证（After-salesserviceandguarantee）成为一个‘好品牌’在地方和地区层面上不可或缺的组成部分，这也为客户忠诚度提供了坚实的基础（producedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty）。”实际上，第二段前半段写售后服务的重要性，后半段写产品保证的重要性。综上所述，A选项“客户忠诚度的坚实基础”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“责任感”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“能够找到售后服务（Beingabletofindafter-salesservice），创造了一种便利的感觉，并且体现了制造商的责任感（asenseofresponsibility）。”由此可知，产生“制造商的责任感”的是“能够找到售后服务”，并没有包括“产品保证”，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“一种便利的感觉”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“能够找到售后服务（Beingabletofindafter-salesservice），创造了一种便利的感觉（afeelingofconvenience）和制造商的责任感。”由此可知，产生“便利的感觉”的是“能够找到售后服务”，并没有包括“产品保证”，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“满足感”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

12.【选项释义】

More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.更多的24小时热线中心出现是因为____。

A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservicesA.越来越多的客户要求售后服务

B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomersB.客户的抱怨越来越多了

C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesserviceC.越来越多的公司开始意识到售后服务的重要性

D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestmentD.他们已经成为一种新的投资方式

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词24-hourhotline和because定位到原文第二段第三句，该句提到“这（This）对建立客户忠诚度非常重要，也解释了为什么现在有更多的24小时热线中心可使用。”“这（This）”指代的是前文提到的“现在的客户比以前要求更高了。能够找到售后服务，创造了一种便利的感觉和制造商的责任感。”其中，后者是“售后服务的重要性”。由此推断，之所以越来越多的公司设立24小时服务热线，是因为他们意识到售后服务可以给现在要求越来越高的客户带来一种便利的感觉，并且让他们感受到公司的责任感。因此，C选项“越来越多的公司开始意识到售后服务的重要性”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“越来越多的客户要求售后服务”，原文虽然提到了现在的客户要求更高了，但并没有提到他们的要求是售后服务，也没有提到提要求的客户更多了，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“客户的抱怨越来越多了”，原文只是提到客户的要求更高了，但这并不意味着客户的抱怨更多了，该选项属于推理过度；

D选项“他们已经成为一种新的投资方式”，investment可以定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“品牌的研发（Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment）是一项不可避免的投资。”由此可知，原文提到的“投资”是“产品研发”，而不是“售后服务和保障”；并且原文并未提到“售后服务和保障”是“一种新的投资方式”，该选项属于无中生有。

13.【选项释义】

Productguarantee____.产品保证____。

A.