考研考博-英语-内蒙古北方职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古北方职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

问题1选项

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.redeemed

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：不幸的是，他对这项政策基本假设的衷心接受

了他之前对其分支的猛烈抨击。supplemented增补，补充；undermined破坏，削弱；redeemed救赎，赎回，弥补；di-verted呼叫转移，释放。选项B“破坏”符合句意。

2.单选题

Morethan85percentofFrenchCanada'spopulationspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand（

）totheRomanCatholicfaith.

问题1选项

A.caters

B.adheres

C.ascribes

D.subscribes

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。cater“迎合；提供饮食及服务”；adhere“追随，坚持，粘附”；ascribe“把...归因于”;subscribes“订阅，签署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语作为自己的母语，并且信仰天主教。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

UncleGeorge’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewillrecover.

问题1选项

A.pullup

B.pullback

C.pullout

D.pullthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。recover表示“恢复”；A项pullup“拔起，阻止”，B项pullback“拉回，撤回”，C项pullout“离开，撤离”，D项pullthrough“渡过难关，恢复健康”。句意：乔治叔叔的情况看来很严重，他能否康复很难说。因此D项正确。

4.单选题

Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea(n)（）actiontostrengthenthemarketmanagement.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.durable

C.epidemic

D.drastic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。diverse多样的，变化多的；durable持久的，耐用的；epidemic流行的,传染的；drastic激烈的,大刀阔斧式的。句意:政府应该采取（）措施加强市场管理。takeadrasticaction意为“进行大刀阔斧的改革”。

5.单选题

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange（）1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet（）nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。inexchangefor“用……交换(物品间交换)”；inexchangeof“换取”；let(sb)off“宽恕，使爆炸/爆发”；let(sb)out“释放/放出，泄露，出租”。句意：吉拉德•沙利特，一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯兰组织哈马斯关押了5年多的以色列士兵，以交换1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯为条件后获释。其中的477人已于本周获释，其余的人预计将于下月获释。由题意可知第一空应该填inexchangeof，第二空应填letout，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

"Ifwefailtoactnow."saidTom,"We'llfindourselves（）inactionlateron."

问题1选项

A.paidback

B.paidfor

C.paidup

D.paidoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“假如我们不现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中付出代价”。

考查短语辨析。payback回报，报答；payfor为……付出代价；payup全部付清；payoff还清债务，清偿欠（某人）的债务。

7.填空题

Papouseknoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoon

makingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponsesinsituationswhennomilk

A

B

C

D

wasprovided.

【答案】Dwhen改为where

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句尾是修饰situations的定语从句，situations意思为“情况，状况”表示地点，因此D部分应为where。

【句意】帕普塞克注意到，婴儿喝够了牛奶，就会拒绝牛奶，但仍会继续做出习得性反应，并带有明显的快乐迹象。因此，他开始研究在不提供牛奶的情况下孩子们的反应。

8.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松赛是一场艰难的比赛，然而每年有数千人参加。根据前后句关系可知D项正确，答案D

9.单选题

Itmakesherveryangrywhenhesaysthatmenareintrinsically（）towomen.

问题1选项

A.meticulous

B.applicable

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。meticulous“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”；applicable“可适用的，可应用的”；superior“优越，优秀”；inferior“差的；自卑的”。句意：当听到他说男人在本质上优于女人这个说法时，她很生气。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely（）myideastoproveyourpoint.

问题1选项

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revise“修订”；distort“扭曲”;distract“转移，分心”；contradict“反驳，否定”。根据Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本没有说过那样的话”可知“为了证明你的观点，将我的想法扭曲了”符合语境，因此选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”,whilepresentinallanimals,isroostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.

问题1选项

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

问题2选项

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

问题3选项

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

问题4选项

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

问题5选项

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?31.这篇文章主要讨论什么？

A.Howparasitesreproduce.A.寄生虫如何繁殖。

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.C.抗生素是如何治疗疾病的。

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.D.脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先，根据首段最后一句“生物进化出了各种各样的防御机制来保护自己的身体免受其他生物的入侵”，和末段第一句“区分‘自我’和‘非自我’的能力，虽然存在于所有动物中，但在脊椎动物中是非常有效的，它们已经发展出一种免疫系统作为它们的防御机制”；从中可知文章首段和尾段讨论的都是生物体的防御机制；然后看到文章行为结构是总分结构，开头介绍引发生物进化出防御机制的原因，后面三段分别讨论这种防御机制的作用。综上所述，可以得知这篇文章主要讨论的是生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。所以B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“寄生虫如何繁殖”和D选项“脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的”属于以偏概全；

C选项“抗生素是如何治疗疾病的”没提及，无中生有。

32.【选项释义】

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.32.第一行中的“intricate”一词的意思最接近______。

A.difficultA.困难的

B.widespreadB.广泛的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.complexD.复杂的

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第一句“在这个庞大而intricate的生物群落中（inthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthings），每个物种的生存都依赖于其他生物的存在”，由所修饰的assemblage（群落），以及并列的定语vast（庞大的）可推测，intricate应该表示“复杂”的意思，所以D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“困难的”、B选项“广泛的”和C选项“批判的”不符合原文意思，曲解原文。

33.【选项释义】

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.33.根据这篇文章，一些生物产生抗生素是为了______。

A.preventdiseaseinhumansA.预防人类疾病

B.aiddigestionB.有助消化

C.fightoffotherorganismsC.抵抗其他生物

D.createnewtypesofnutrientsD.创造新的营养类型

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位原文第二段前两句“某些真菌，甚至是某些种类的细菌会向环境中分泌抗生素。这些物质能够杀死或抑制同样占据该区域的各种细菌的生长，从而消除或减少对营养物质的竞争（eliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients）。”，从中可知，一些生物产生抗生素是为了消除或减少其他生物对自身营养物质的竞争，故C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“预防人类疾病”、B选项“有助消化”和D选项“创造新的营养类型”没有提到，无中生有。

34.【选项释义】

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.34.根据这篇文章，在基因不相容的生物体之间移植组织将导致移植的组织______。

A.becomingaparasiteA.成为寄生虫

B.beingtreatedasaninvaderB.被视为入侵者

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeupC.改变其基因组成

D.developinganewimmunesystemD.发展出新的免疫系统

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第三段最后一句，文章对此有描述：“事实上，在整个动物界，从海绵动物到某些种类的蠕虫、贝类和所有的脊椎动物，只有来自基因相容或亲缘关系密切的个体的细胞或组织碎片移植到动物体内，才会被接受”，从中可知在基因不相容的生物体之间移植组织将导致移植的组织不被接受；而该段前面提到“动物王国的成员已经发展出了对付寄生虫的各种防御机制。尽管这些机制差别很大，但所有主要的动物群体都能够检测到外来细胞的存在并做出反应。”，综合理解可推断，不相容的组织会被认为是外来入侵细胞，使得生物体对该组织做出防御机制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“成为寄生虫”表述错误，不是成为寄生虫，而是会被生物体视为寄生虫一样的外来组织，该项曲解原文；

C选项“改变其基因组成”和D选项“发展出新的免疫系统”没提到，无中生有。

35.【选项释义】

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.35.根据这篇文章，区分“自我”和“非自我”的能力使脊椎动物能够______。

A.accepttransplantedcellsA.接受移植的细胞

B.detectandreacttoinvasionB.检测并应对入侵

C.weakentheirimmunesystemC.削弱它们的免疫系统

D.getridofantibioticsD.摆脱抗生素

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到最后一段的内容：区分“自我”和“非自我”的能力，虽然存在于所有动物中，但在脊椎动物中是非常有效的，它们已经发展出一种免疫系统作为它们的防御机制（developedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism）。免疫系统会识别被视为外来细胞的移植组织和外来入侵者并采取行动（recognizesandtakesaction）。从中可知，区分“自我”和“非自我”的能力能够使脊椎动物产生一种免疫系统，而这种免疫系统能够识别并对入侵者采取防御措施。这与B项“检测并应对入侵”意思相一致，故B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“接受移植的细胞”与原文相反，免疫系统先会对移植组织进行识别，该项反向干扰；

C选项“削弱他们的免疫系统”和D选项“摆脱抗生素”没提到，无中生有。

12.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.

B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.

C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.

D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.

问题2选项

A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.

B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.

C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.

问题3选项

A.31

B.6

C.4

D.1

问题4选项

A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.

B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.

C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.

D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.

问题5选项

A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.

B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.

C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.

D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.

Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.

Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.

Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmovementthepatientwasimagining.

(28)Thesameteamhadstudied23vegetativepatientsover4yearsandfound4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity.Theywereaskedtoimagineplayingtenniswhentheywantedtogiveoneresponse,orwalkingaroundthehousewhentheywantedtogivetheother.

(30)Sincethepatientswereresponsive,they’renottechnicallyvegetative,theresearcherssay.Proofthattheycancommunicatethatthey’renotbrain-deadwouldhavemajorimplicationsforfamilymembers’anddoctors’decisionsabouttheircare.

26.Whatdoesthistalkmainlytellus?

【解析】文章提到：脑波扫描可能使得人们与脑死亡病人交流成为可能。故选C。

27.Forthe6healthyvolunteers,whichpartofthebraindidthehand-squeezingimaginationactivate?

【解析】根据文章可知实验结果大为不同：攥拳头激发了大脑的左半部，而动脚趾激发了大脑的中部。故选A。

28.Ofthe23vegetativepatients,howmanywerefoundtobeabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyesor-noquestions?

【解析】原文信息是…studied23vegetativepatients...found4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity，即参加实验的23个植物人病人中有4个被发现对问题有持续反应。故选C。

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudyonthepatientdeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier?

【解析】根据文章描述，研究者通过EEG信号观察，那些两年前被诊断为植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，证明那些是有大脑活动的，并不是真正的脑死亡。故选B。

30.WhenEEGsignalsindicatethatavegetativepatientisresponsive,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

【解析】通过对第26题与第29题的解答，可知A和B选项的表述正确。文章最后提到这一研究结果对于家属和医生护理有很好的的借鉴意义，所以D项正确。文章没有提到C项。

13.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordson“Isitworthwhileforyoutomakeeffortsinordertoachieveyourfuturesuccess?”Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinesbelow:

Outline:

1)Somepeoplebelievethatmakingeffortsisuselessifyoudon’thaveaparentwithpowerormoneytohelpyouwithyourfuturesuccess.

2)Othersmaintainthatsuchpracticewouldbeharmful,especiallyforyoungpeopleandmakingeffortsiscrucialandshouldbeencouraged.

3)Youropinions.

【答案】【参考范文】

Isitworthwhileforyoutomakeeffortsinordertoachieveyourfuturesuccess?14.单选题

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorderWesterndiscourse.Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,

peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals...allthoseconstitutedasothers.However,high-techcultureprovidesachallengetotheseantagonisticdualisms.Haraway'scyborgtheoryrejectsthenotionsofessentialism,proposinginsteadachimeric,monstrousworldoffusionsbetweenanimalandmachine.Cyborgtheoryreliesonwritingas“thetechnologyofcyborgs”,as“cyborgpoliticsisthestruggleforlanguageandthestruggleagainstperfectcommunication,againsttheonecodethattranslatesallmeaningperfectly,thecentraldogmaofphallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway'scyborgcallsforanon-essentialized,material-semioticmetaphorcapableofunitingdiffusepolitical

coalitionsalongthelinesofaffinityratherthanidentity.FollowingLacanianfeministssuchasLuceIrigaray,Haraway'sworkaddressesthechasmbetweenfeministdiscoursesandthedominantlanguageofWesternpatriarchy.AsHarawayexplains,“grammarispoliticsbyothermeans,”andeffectivepoliticsrequirespeakinginthelanguageofdomination.AsshedetailsinachartoftheparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemologywithintheManifesto,theunifiedhumansubjectofidentityhasshiftedtothehybridizedposthumanoftechnoscience,from“representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeoisnovel”to“sciencefiction,”“reproduction”to“replication,”and“whitecapitalistpatriarchy”to“informaticsofdomination.”WhileHaraway's“ironicdreamofacommonlanguage”isinspiredbyIrigaray'sargumentforadiscourseotherthanpatriarchy,sherejectsIrigaray'sessentializingconstructionofwoman-as-not-maletoargueforalinguisticcommunityofsituated,partialknowledgesinwhichnooneisinnocent.AlthoughHaraway'smetaphorofthecyborghasbeenlabelledasapost-genderstatement,Harawayhasclarifiedherstanceonpost-genderisminrecentinterviews.SheacknowledgesthatherargumentintheManifestoseekstochallengethenecessityforcategorizationofgender,butdoesnotcorrelate

thisargumenttopost-genderism.Sheclarifiesthisdistinctionbecausepost-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconceptofbeingbeyondmasculinityandfemininity.

Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.

1.Accordingtothetext,acyberneticorganismorcyborgmustbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Harawayposesthatgenderconstructsshouldbeeliminatedascategoriesforidentitybecause

（

）.

3.AccordingtoHarawaymanicheismsareincompetitionwithoneanother,creatingparadoxicalrelationsofdomination,particularly

（

）.

4.Thecyborgisa

（

）.

5.Asonographicfetuswouldinmanywaysbetheultimatecyborgbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.agender-neutralconstruct

B.arobot

C.aposthumanspeculativebeing

D.neitherorganicnorinorganic

问题2选项

A.theparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemology

B.post-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconcept

C.theyposeanantagonisticdualism

D.theyposeanon-essential,material-semioticmetaphor

问题3选项

A.God/man

B.right/wrong

C.self/other

D.one/other

问题4选项

A.metaphor

B.mechanicalproduct

C.animisticconcept

D.organichybrid

问题5选项

A.itis“created”inaspaceofvirtuality

B.itisneithermalenorfemale

C.itissimultaneouslyhumanandanimal

D.itispoliticallyinvisible

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway，inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries...《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线······”与“TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity《电子人宣言》一书批评传统的女权主义概念（尤其是女权主义专注于身份认同政治），取而代之的是通过亲和力支持结合。”和题干中“······mustbeunderstoodas可以被理解成”可推知A项“一个不分性别的概念”正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由文中“Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.哈拉维指出，性别概念仍然普遍且有意义，但却是令人烦恼的，因此应该被当成身份类别而被根除。”可知C项“它们引起对立的二元论”正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由题干中“manicheisms善恶对立说”与文中“Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals…allthoseconstitutedasothers.哈拉维称，对女性、有色人种、自然、工人、动物······等所有那些构成其他人的控制逻辑和实施而言，这些二元论是系统化的。”可知D项“一类人/其他人”正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘animal’and‘human’from‘machine’《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线（尤其是那些将人类和动物、人类和机械区分开的界线）”与“ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.电子人将不会认可‘伊甸园’，它不是泥土做成的，从而不能向往回归尘上。”可知A项“比喻说法”正确。

第5题:5.细节事实题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘animals’and‘human’from‘machine’.《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线（尤其是那些将人类和动物、人类和机械区分开的界线）。”与题目中“sonographicfetus声像图的胎儿”可知A项“它是在一个虚拟的空间中‘被创造的’”正确。

15.单选题

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

问题1选项

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

问题2选项

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

问题3选项

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

问题4选项

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

问题5选项

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的内容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他们的目标不仅是拥有优秀的公立大学，而且要让该州的人口几乎可以免费进入这些大学。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据关键词“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一种公共利益，为未来培养自己的企业家和纳税人。”也就是说，大学是挂在工业面前的“诱饵”指的是大学培养工业精英。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”这导致人们担心公立大学可能会失去它们的优势。也就是无法保持自己的优势，选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.为了增加其他收入，各个校区还招收了越来越多的外州学生。”选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“Ledbyt