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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thediplomaticcrisishasbeen()bythebreakdownofthetalksbetweentheleadersofthetwonations.

问题1选项

A.withhold

B.nurtured

C.cultivated

D.approached

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项withhold“保留,克制”;B选项nurtured“培育,养育”;C选项cultivated“发展,耕作,教化”;D选项approached“接近,靠近”。句意:外交危机靠近是由于两国领导人之间的谈判破裂而引起的。两国领导人之间谈判失败是导致外交危机的原因,那么外交危机就更接近了,选择D选项approached“接近,靠近”意思正确。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.

However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.

ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandmirroredacrossothereconomic.IntheUK,researchisconcentrate;lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.

Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestmenttheyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.

PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.

Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities’performanceincommercialization?

3.WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”refersto(

).

4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?

5.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK’seconomicgrowth?

问题1选项

A.Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.

B.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.

C.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

D.Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

问题2选项

A.Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.

B.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.

C.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

D.Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.

问题3选项

A.governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities

B.compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

C.fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions

D.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

问题4选项

A.Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.

B.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.

C.Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.

D.Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.

问题5选项

A.Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

B.Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch

C.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

D.Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段,“…fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.”,可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点,现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地,处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段,“EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.”,可知有证据表明,英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多,而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句,“thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.”,可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学,然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述,这种现象不仅发生在英国,,也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段,“Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.”,可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学,它们以研究为主导,并且商业化。可判断出policyinterventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段,“Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.”,可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段,“Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.”,可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调,同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资,大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

DearSirs,

Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.

Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.

Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.

Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.

Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.

Welookforwardtoyourpromptreply.

Yourssincerely,

JohnSmith

1.Themanufacturersof“Smart”watchesweregiventheorderbecause().

2.Receivingwatchesinthewrongcolorsisaproblembecause().

3.“Thelatterproblem”inparagraph4refersto().

4.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5“Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto...withyourcompany”suggeststhat().

5.Thepurposeofthisletteristo().

问题1选项

A.theyproducedthebestwatchesofitskindintheworld

B.theywatcheswouldbeeasytomakeandthedesignswerealreadyprepared

C.theypromisedtheycouldproduceenoughstocksquitequickly

D.theyclaimedtheorderwouldbeeasysincethewatcheswerealreadyinstock

问题2选项

A.theHongKongagentstressedtheneedtofulfilltheorderexactly

B.thesewatcheswillbedifficulttosell

C.thesewatcheswillnotbeabletogetintothelimitedmarket

D.peoplewillnotbuythewatchesatpresent

问题3选项

A.thepoorqualityofthegoods

B.theuseofinferiormaterials

C.thelowstandardofmanufacture

D.someofthewatchesnotworking

问题4选项

A.thecompanymaystoptradingwiththewatchmanufacturers

B.thecompanywillprobablyreducethenumberofwatchestobeorderedinthefuture

C.thewriterisafraidtheircompanymightgooutofbusinesssoon

D.thecompanyisprobablywillingtogivethemanufacturesanotherchance

问题5选项

A.askforpromptreply

B.blamethemanufacturersforlatedelivery

C.complainofsomeproblemsconcerningthewatches

D.threatentocanceltheorders

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:“智能”手表的制造商接到这个订单是因为_______。通过题干的内容定位到第二段wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.(我们必须指出,向贵公司订货的主要原因是贵公司向我们保证交货速度快,而贵公司现有库存充足,足以确保立即装运。),可知D选项“他们声称这个订单很容易,因为这些手表已经有库存了”符合题意。选项A“他们生产了世界上这种类型最好的手表”,B选项“这些手表制作起来很容易,设计也已经准备好了”,A,B选项内容文章并没有提及,所以不正确,C选项“他们承诺他们可以很快生产出足够的库存”,与文中快速交货的内容不符,排除C选项。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。

2.事实细节题。题干:收到颜色不对的手表是个问题,因为_______。通过题干关键词“color”定位到第三段OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.(我们的香港代理人向我们保证,她曾向你方强调,必须严格按照我们的指示行事,因为我们认为目前其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限。),说明这些手表在该国市场小,难卖出去,故B选项“这些手表很难卖出去”正确,A选项“香港代理强调需要准确的完成订单”,文章有提及,但是并不是需要收到准确颜色手表的原因,故排除,C选项“这些手表将无法进入有限的市场”,和文章表达的其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限有出入,所以不正确。D选项“人们现在不会买手表”,属于无中生有。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干:文章第四段的“Thelatterproblem”指的是________。由题干可以定位到文章第四段Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear(我们还发现一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一种情况是由于生产质量差,运输过程中损坏,还是电池损坏造成的),所以这里的“Thelatterproblem”指的是手表似乎不工作,与D选项“有些手表似乎不工作”表达的意思一致,A选项“产品质量比较差”,B选项“使用劣质的材料”,C选项“生产标准低”,这三个选项都是收到产品的问题,但并不是latterproblem指代的内容。综上所述,本题的正确答案为D。

4.推理判断题。题干:文章第五段的最后一句话“当然,我们也不得不……和你们公司”,意味着_________。可以定位到文章第五段的内容Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.(因此,由于上述问题的结果,我们认为最合适的行动方案是将任何未付款的被认为不令人满意的货物退还给你,并从我们的最终结算中减去任何由此产生的费用。当然,我们也不得不重新考虑是否要向贵公司下进一步的订单。),该段明确指出,由于上述问题,会退还一部分的货物,并且考虑是否要向贵公司下进一步的订单,所以A“该公司可能会停止与手表制造商的贸易”正确,B选项“该公司将来可能会减少手表的订购数量”,该公司现在就会退还一部分货物,并将来可能会终止合作,所以B选项不正确,C选项“作者担心他们的公司可能会很快破产”,文中没有提到作者对于其公司的态度,排除。D选项“公司可能愿意再给制造商一次机会”,没有提到愿不愿意给机会让制造商改进问题,综上所述,本题的正确答案为A选项。

5.观点态度题。题干:这封信的目的是______。文章开头就提到,制造商的货物已经收到,明确表达这封信的目的就是对于交货的延迟以及没有遵循其明确的指示表示几点抱怨。第一段是抱怨交货时间推迟,第二段是抱怨手表颜色不对,第三段是抱怨质量问题。所以整篇文章目的就是向供货商抱怨手表的问题,所以C选项“抱怨关于手表的一些问题”正确。

4.单选题

Afterlongnegotiations,thefirm________tobuildadouble-purposebridgeacrosstheriver.

问题1选项

A.contracted

B.contacted

C.consulted

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contracted“协定”;B选项contacted“联系”;C选项consulted“咨询”;D选项convinced“使相信,使确信”。句意:经历了长久的协商后,公司()在河上建一座两用桥。从negotiation可知,修桥这件事经过商讨的,协商后得出了要建两用桥,因而答案选A最为合适。

5.单选题

Bribery()theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

问题1选项

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:aggravates“加重,使恶化;使恼火”;B:deteriorates“恶化,变坏”;C:corrodes“(渐渐)损害;(一点一点地)损伤”;D:degenerates“使退化;恶化;使变质”。句意:贿赂伤害了买卖双方必须存在的信任。根据句意及动宾搭配可知C最合适。

6.单选题

Theelectricshaver()beforeitcanbeused.

问题1选项

A.needsrepairing

B.shouldbeinrepair

C.hastoberepairable

D.mustrepair

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。electricshaver和repair是被动的关系,电动刮胡刀只能被修。A选项need做实义动词时,主语若是物,动词则要用动名词或不定式的被动形式作宾语,故A选项正确。B、C、D选项均没有被动意义。句意:电动剃须刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本题的正确答案是A选项。

7.单选题

Inmyopinion,he’s______imaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.

问题1选项

A.quitethemost

B.verythemost

C.byfarthemost

D.ratherthemo

【答案】B

【解析】考查最高级。句意:在我看来,他是当代所有诗人中最富有想象力的。因此选项正确。byfar是一个副词词组,表示“……得多,显然”,用来修饰比较级或最高级,强调程度、数量等。very,quite,rather一般修饰形容词原级。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

ThedoorclosedbehindTweedashescannedthehandsomely()doubleroomwhichoverlookedAlbemarleStreet.

问题1选项

A.furnished

B.finished

C.supplies

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语辨析。A选项furnished“有家具的”,B选项finished“完成的;结束的”,C选项supplied“有……提供的”,D选项provided“假如;倘若”,然后带入原文的句意得出句子应该是想形容这个房间“装饰的很好”,因此A选项符合题意。句意为:门在特威德身后关上了,他扫视着俯瞰阿尔伯马尔街的那间陈设华丽的双人房。

9.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对”;B选项standinfor“代替”;C选项standupfor“拥护;坚持”;D选项standinwith“与……联合;同……分担”。句意:女性在太空中比男性有显著优势,因为她们需要更少的食物和更少的氧气,而且她们更能_______辐射。根据语境,standupto“经得起;抵抗”搭配radiation“辐射”比较合理,意指女性更能承受辐射。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite().

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管有好几百张试卷,但我可以毫不犹豫地找出他的试卷,因为他的笔迹很独特。选项C符合语境。

11.单选题

Desertplants(

)twocategoriesaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblemofsurvivingdrought.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.fallinto

C.differin

D.referto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。breakdown“分解,发生故障”;fallinto“落入,分成”;differin“在……方面存在不同”;referto“参考,涉及”。句意:沙漠中的植物根据其在干旱中的生活方式可以分为两钟。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher(

)him(

),saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

问题1选项

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。cutdown意为“减少,砍倒”;shutout意为“把……关在门外,阻断(念头、情感等)”;cutshort意为“缩短,打断”;shutoff意为“关闭,停止”。

句意:当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时,教师打断了他,说“下次告诉我们”。

13.单选题

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland()momentsbeforeitwastoland.

问题1选项

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。disassemble“拆开;解开”;disembark“登录;上岸”;disintegrate“瓦解;破裂”;disinherit“剥夺……的继承权”,飞船失去控制的摇摆,然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件,分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意:美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查,关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆,并在最后要着陆的时候……了。故正确答案为选项C。

14.单选题

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby(

).

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

).

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

).

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

).

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince(

).

问题1选项

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

问题2选项

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

问题3选项

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

问题4选项

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

问题5选项

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“调查表明在40年民众对美国政府的信心下降了多少?”根据文章第二段可知现在是1995年,说明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人认为大政府对国家未来的威胁最大。而1954年只有16%人认为大政府有威胁(A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices),由此可知国民对政府的信心下降了51%。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在大萧条时期前美国政府在民众的心中是怎样的?”文章第二段最后一句提到“我们又回到了大萧条时期美国人对华盛顿本能的谨慎”(We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression),说明在大萧条时期政府在民众心中的地位就低,选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第六段提到89%的人认为国会会把事情搞砸(Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer),选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。文章第五段第一句提到在样本中,62%的美国人认为政客的道德和诚实度已经下降(OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen),以及比起通过好的法规,议员们花更多的时间在他们的政治前途上吗?(Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?)可知这里的政治前途指的是权利地位,选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到由于年龄较大的人在工作中更稳定,他们往往更满意(sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied),选项C符合题意。

15.翻译题

Oneofthemostdifficultsituationsthataresearchercanencounteristoseeorsuspectthatacolleaguehasviolatedtheethicalstandardsoftheresearchcommunity.Itiseasytofindexcusestodonothing,butsomeonewhohaswitnessedmisconducthasanunmistakableobligationtoact.Atthemostimmediatelevel,misconductcanseriouslyobstructordamageone’sownresearchortheresearchofcolleagues.Morebroadly,evenasinglecaseofmisconductcanmalignscientistsandtheirinstitutions,resultintheimpositionofcounterproductiveregulations,andshakepublicconfidenceintheintegrityofscience.

【答案】看到或怀疑同事违反了研究界的伦理标准是研究人员可能遇到的最困难的情况之一。找个借口什么都不做很容易,但目睹了不当行为的人,显然有义务采取行动。从最直接的层面来说,不当的行为可能严重阻碍甚至毁掉自己或同事的研究。从更广泛的层面来说,即使只是一个不当的行为,也可以损害科学家及其机构声誉,导致实施适得其反的规定,并且动摇公众对科学诚信的信心。

16.问答题

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B;改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

17.单选题

Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAge(

)inchargeofevents.

问题1选项

A.theyhadbeen

B.hadtheybeen

C.theyhadhavebeen

D.werethey

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。If引导的虚拟条件句省略if时,谓语动词或助动词提到主语前,形成主谓倒装。题干中had提到they前面,形成部分倒装。How引导的这个句子的正常语序应该是:Iftheyhadbeeninchargeofevents,theywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgeinfancifulmodelschemes。因此B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Whenwritingaboutcontroversialtopics,someauthorstrytobe(

).

问题1选项

A.impressive

B.reflective

C.objective

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。impressive意为“给人印象深刻的,感人的”;reflective意为“反射的,反映的”;objective意为“客观的,实体的”;persuasive意为“有说服力的”。

句意:在写有争议的话题时,有些作者力求客观。

19.单选题

Ashasalwaysbeenthecasewhentragedyhasstruckourcommunity,thepeopleofourtownfeeltheobligation,andrightlyso,to()insupportofthevictimandhisfamily.

问题1选项

A.entrench

B.rally

C.disseminate

D.apologize

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:当社会内有悲剧事情发生时,我们镇的居民感到有义务,()以支持受害者和他的家人。entrench保卫、防护;rally重整、团结;disseminate散播、宣传;apologizes道歉。B项rallyin意为“举行集会”符合句意。

20.翻译题

1.Butisitreallythecase?TheinformationI’vecollectedoverlastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatartisticandculturalprojectsmaybelessusefulthanmanygovernmentsthink.Infact,basicinfrastructureprojectsareplayingextremelyimportantroleandshouldbegivenpriority.

2.Thosewhoareinfavorofartisticandculturalprojectsadvocatethatculturalenvironmentwillattractmoretourists,whichwillbringhugeprofitstolocalresidents.Somepeopleevenequatethebuildingofsuchprojectswiththeimprovingofeconomicconstruction.

3.Thereisagrowingtendencythesedaysformanypeoplewholiveinruralareastocomeintoandworkincity.Thisproblemhascausedwidepublicconcerninmostcitiesallovertheworld.Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidethemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

4.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,Ifirmlybelievethattimewillprovethattraditionaltechnologyandmethodswoulddieoutwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.Themaintenanceofthetraditionaltechnologyandmethodsisfutile.

5.Todayanincreasingnumberofpeoplehaverealizedthatlaweducationisofgreatimportance.Inordertokeeplawandorder,everyoneofusissupposedtogetalaweducation.

【答案】1.但这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上,基础设施建设非常重要,应该放在首位。

2.那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客,这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

3.农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势。这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。一项调查显示很多民工认为在城市打工不但有较高的收入,而且能学到一些新技术。

4.通过以上讨论,我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡,坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

5.现在,越来越多的人认识到了法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安,我们每个人都应该接受法制教育。

21.单选题

Thesuccessfulcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesshouldbebasedon(

)respectandhelp.

问题1选项

A.respective

B.mutual

C.simultaneous

D.separate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的,分别的”;mutual意为“相互的,彼此的,共有的”;simultaneous意为“同时发生(或进行)的,同步的”;separate意为“独立的,分开的”。

句意:两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。

22.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatchup“夺取,猛然抓住”;B选项summonup“鼓起(勇气),使出(力气),唤起”;C选项catchon“理解,明白,变得流行”;D选项watchout“当心,注意”。根据askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话,因此选C。句意:John说他没有太明白,要我重复我下我所说的话。

23.单选题

Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,______symbolicshadowwestand,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.

问题1选项

A.withhis

B.byhim

C.inwhose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.withhis和他的B.byhim通过他

C.inwhose在谁的D.ofwhom谁的

【考查点】非限制性定语从句的用法。

【解题思路】由句子可知,主谓宾结构完整,所以中间部分是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的agreatAmerican(一位伟大的美国人),所以空格处的引导词只能用who,whom或whose,而symbolicshadow(象征的影像)与agreatAmerican(一位伟大的美国人)是所属关系,所以只能用whose。因此,该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项不符合句子结构;

D选项关系代词whom使用不正确。

【句意】在一百年以前,有位伟大的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言,而今天我们正是立足于他所象征的影像下。

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