考研考博-英语-南京城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-bornHunter,whoin1762becamephysiciantoQueenCharlotte,wifeofGeorgeIII,HehelpedhertodeliverthefuturekingGeorgeIV,Smellie,afellowScot,isnolessdistinguished,FromWitchcrafttoWisdom,atextbookonthehistoryofobstetricandgynaecologicalmedicine,hailshimas“thegreatestobstetricianinthehistoryofBritishobstetrics”.Hehasalsobeencalled“thefatherofBritishmidwifery”.

5.Shelton,though,regardstheduoasonaparwithBurkeandHare,whomurdered17citizensofEdinburghin1827and1828,sellingtheirremainstoalocalanatomist,TheLondonofHunterandSmellie’stimewasunhealthyandsemi-anarchic,andearlydeathfromdiseasewaswidespread,aswasgraverobbing.InhisJRSMpaper,Sheltonclaimstoprovethattherivaldoctorscouldnothaveobtainedtheirsupplyofcorpsesbyanyothermeansthanmurder.ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren,Thusthegraverobbersofthetimecouldnothavefulfilledtheobstetricians’needforsuchaspecifictypeoffemale,ConcludesShelton.

6.Eachusedanassistanttocommissionkillers,hesays,namingDrColinMackenzieasSmellie’saccompliceandJohnHunter-William’sbrother,whowasacelebratedanatomist—ashishelper.Youngwomenfromthecountrysidewereapparentlyfavouritetargetsinacitywhereplentyofpeople“disappeared”.“Thereisgreatsuspicionabouttheabundanceofundeliveredninth—monthcorpsesprocured,dissectedanddepictedintheanatomicalatlasesofSmellieandHunter,”writesShelton.“Theimpossibilityofsupplyfromrandomresurrections,takenwithacarefulanalysisofevents,andof18dl-centurymedicalliterature,showscompellingevidenceforburking,”By1755rumourswerecirculatingthatthewomeninSmellie’sjournalhadbeenmurdered,andassociatesbeganpressinghimontheirorigins.“AsaresultSmellieandHunterbothhaltedtheirresearch,bothpresumablyfearingtrialandexecution,”althoughHunter—whousedhislinkstopowerfulfamiliestoensurenoinvestigationwaseverundertaken—resumedorderingmurders,aboutonceayear,in1764,Sheltonadds.

7.AnthonyKenny,agynaecologistinLondonfor40yearsuntilhisretirementin2007,said:“Thesetwoguysaremyheroes.Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering.”KennyisnowthecuratorofthemuseumoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansandGynaecologists.“Theywerethefirstproperobstetriciansinthecountrybecauseoftheirpioneeringworkpracticingwhatwasthenstillanewbranchofmedicine.”WhileKennydescribesShelton’spaperas“extremelyimpressive”initsresearch,hecannotbelievethathisheroeswereguiltyofsuchterriblecrimes.Thetradeincorpseswasverylucrativeandprobablyattractedunsavoury,unscrupulouscharacters,hepointedout.”Anditcouldbethattheydidn’tmakeproperinquiriesastotheoriginsofthebodies,andsomaynothaveknownthatthewomenweremurdered.

8.LudmillaJordanova,aprofessorofmodemhistoryatKing’sCollegeLondonwhospecializesinthehistoryofmedicine,saysShelton’sassertionthatHunterandSmelliecouldnothavecomeacrosssomanydeadpregnantwomenfromanyothersourceas“astrikingclaim,importantresearch...isrevealingthecomplexitiesofanatomicalactivitiesin18th—centuryLondon.Thisisanexcitingandcontroversialareaofhistoricalinvestigation.”WhileSheltonacknowledgesthattheideaofpioneeringmedicalresearchersresortingtoburkingisshocking.HelikestoquoteSherlockHolmes,“Whenyouhaveeliminatedtheimpossible,whateverremains,howeverimprobable,isthetruth.”

1.Accordingtotheinformationinparagraph2,WilliamBurke（

）

2.AccordingtoDonShelton,pregnantwomenin18thcenturyLondon（

）,

3.ThestrongestsupportforShelton’sthesiscomesfrom（

）.

4.Inparagraph6,thewordapparentlymeans（

）.

5.WhatSheltonwritesaboutthepioneeringgynecologistsHunterand

Smellie（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasahenchmanofHunterandSmellie

B.gavehisnametothepracticeofkillingpeoplewithoutleavinganysignsofmurder

C.isbelievedtohavekilledpeopleforhisownmedicalresearch

D.mademoneybykillingpeopletoprovidebodiesformedicalresearch

问题2选项

A.Generallywerenotverylikelytodieinthelastmonthofpregnancy

B.Seldomdiedsoonaftergivingbirth

C.wereaverysmallpartoftheoverallurbanpopulation

D.werequitenumerousinitsmanypoorhouses

问题3选项

A.thetestimonyofcontemporaryeyewitnesses

B.statisticsandprobability

C.policerecordsofthetime

D.literaryreportsoftheabundantviolenceandcrimein18thcenturyLondon

问题4选项

A.itisobviousthat

B.thereisnodoubtthat

C.itappearsthat

D.somepeopleassertthat

问题5选项

A.seemsquitepersuasivetoAnthonyKenny

B.appallsandhorrifiesAnthonyKenny

C.clearsthem,inAnthonyKenny’sopinion,ofanyguiltorblame.

D.SeemscompletelygroundlesstoAnthonyKenny

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段对WilliamBurke进行了解释:anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments(爱尔兰人,1829年在恩丁堡被判杀人罪--出售尸体进行医学实验)。故选D。

2.细节事实题。第五段指出:ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren(这位历史学家说，母亲在临产前不久死亡或被谋杀是很罕见的，来自贫民区的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故选A。

3.推理判断题。文章多出提到Shelton’s的理论来源。第二段提到JOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(皇家医学会杂志),后面又提到medicalliterature(医学文献)。故选D:18世纪伦敦大量暴力和犯罪的文学报道。

4.词义题。此处句意为:在一个很多人都“消失”了的城市里，来自农村的年轻妇女显然是最受欢迎的目标。

5.推理判断题。第七段:Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering(他们可能参与了谋杀目标的说法绝对令人震惊),后面也表达了他们难以置信的态度。故选B。

2.单选题

Morethan85percentofFrenchCanada'spopulationspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand（

）totheRomanCatholicfaith.

问题1选项

A.caters

B.adheres

C.ascribes

D.subscribes

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。cater“迎合；提供饮食及服务”；adhere“追随，坚持，粘附”；ascribe“把...归因于”;subscribes“订阅，签署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语作为自己的母语，并且信仰天主教。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

问题1选项

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都有人来参观城堡的遗址。location“场所”；highland“高低”；site“遗址”；desert“沙漠”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Officialencouragementofthesolar-energyindustryinChinahasledtofiercecompetitionforgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozensofnewcompanies,butitisfarfromclearhowmanyofthewinningfirmsactuallymakemoney.

问题1选项

A.hasledtofierce

B.forgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozens

C.itisfarfromclear

D.actuallymakemoney

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】时态错误。动词make改为现在完成时态havemade。句子谈论的是过去的事情,此处时态应与前面时态保持一致。

5.单选题

Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslooksliketheonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.Buttheremaybeotherkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistry,andtheymaymultiplyonVenusorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.

Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives.Butman’ssocietiesarealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividualshave.

Itisnotlikelythatthistransitionalsituationwillcontinueverylongontheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousandyearsfromnowman’ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretainnosenseofseparatepersonality.Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhaveemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.

Theexplorersofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.Iftheyarriveonaforeignplanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabitedbyasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.

Theunitsmaybe“secondary”—machinescreatedmillionsofyearsagobyapreviousformoflifeandgiventhewillandabilitytosurviveandreproduce.Theymaybebuiltentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials.Ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheirenvironment,multiplyingunderconditionsthatwoulddestroyimmediatelyanyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundsanddependentonthefamiliarcarboncycle.

Suchcreaturesmightberelicsofapastapastage,manymillionsofyearsago,whentheirplanetwasfavorabletotheoriginoflife,ortheymightbeimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.

1.HumansonEarthtodayarecharacterizedby________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually________.

3.Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat________.

4.Itseemsthatthewriter________.

问题1选项

A.theirexistencesasfreeandseparatebeings

B.theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditions

C.theirgreatpowerandeffectiveness

D.theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety

问题2选项

A.humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperative

B.manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworld

C.machineswillreplaceman

D.livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarth

问题3选项

A.humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanets

B.planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostay

C.itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbody

D.organismaremorecreativethanmachines

问题4选项

A.isinterestedintheimaginarylifeforms

B.iseagertofindadifferentformoflife

C.iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeform

D.iscriticaloftheimaginativepeople

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

HumansonEarthtodayarecharacterizedby________.地球上的人类如今的特征是________。

A.theirexistencesasfreeandseparatebeingsA.他们作为自由和独立的存在而存在

B.theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditionsB.他们有能力在有利的环境中生活

C.theirgreatpowerandeffectivenessC.他们拥有强大的力量和效力

D.theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsocietyD.他们渴望生活在一个紧密联系的社会里

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词todayarecharacterized定位到第二段第二句，该处讲到“当今人类（Present-dayman）正处于一个特殊的、也许是暂时的阶段。”，结合该段第三句“人的个体单位保留着强烈的个性意识（retainastrongsenseofpersonality）。”，以及第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里……以至于每个人都失去了独立的个性（retainnosenseofseparatepersonality）。”可知如今人类的个性和个体特性非常明显，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们有能力在有利的环境中生活”：对应第二段倒数第二句“事实上，在有利的环境下，他们仍然有能力（stillcapable）过自己的生活。”，可知在以前，人类也有能力在有利的环境中生活，这不是只有在现在才有的特点，属于偷换概念；

C选项“他们强大的力量和效力”：对应第二段最后一句“但是人类社会（societies）已经足够发达，拥有比个人更大的力量和效力（haveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividuals）。”，可知拥有强大力量和效力的是社会而不是人类，属于张冠李戴；

D选项“他们渴望生活在一个紧密联系的社会里”：对应第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里（Fiftythousandyearsfromnow），人类社会可能已经变得如此紧密地联系在一起。”，可知这里指的是未来，而非现在，属于偷换概念。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually________.根据文章，有的人认为最终________。

A.humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperativeA.人类社会将会更加团结协作

B.manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworldB.人类将生活在一个高度组织化的世界里

C.machineswillreplacemanC.机器将取代人

D.livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarthD.生物将从地球上消失

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词eventually定位到第四段第二句，该处讲到“太空探险者可能会发现在发展进入高级阶段的外星星球上唯一居住着的是由许多协同单元组成的大型生物（singlelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits）。”，以及第五段第二、三句“它们可能完全由金属和其他耐用材料建造（builtentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials）……能在碳化合物构成并依赖于碳循环的生物无法生存的条件下繁殖（multiplying）。”这里说的就是机器，它们可以繁殖，成为星球上的唯一生物，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“人类社会将会更加团结协作”：对应第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里（Fiftythousandyearsfromnow），人类社会可能已经变得如此紧密地联系在一起。”，这里指的是五万年的时间范围内，不是最终，属于偷换概念；

B选项“人类将生活在一个高度组织化的世界里”：这不是最终的结果，只是到达最后结果之前的其中一个阶段，属于偷换概念；

D选项“生物将从地球上消失”：文中没有提到生物消失，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat________.即使是最有想象力的人也不得不承认________。

A.humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanetsA.人类社会和其他星球上的社会一样先进

B.planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostayB.地球以外的行星不适合像我们这样的生命生存

C.itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbodyC.很难区分人体的有机部分和无机部分

D.organismaremorecreativethanmachinesD.有机体比机器更有创造力

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词imaginativepeople定位到第一段，该处讲到“当富有想象力的人（imaginativemen）把目光投向太空……他们可能会想到外星生物不必与地球上存在的生命极为相似（lifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth）。火星是唯一看起来可能存在类人生命的星球（onlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist），甚至连这一点都不确定（doubtful）。但是可能有基于其他种类的化学物质的生命（otherkindsoflife）……”，可知再有想象力，也得承认不确定其他星球有人类，即使外星上有生命，也不是像人这样的，也就是说，外星不适合人类生存，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“人类社会和其他星球上的社会一样先进”：文中没有提到其他星球的社会是怎样的，属于无中生有；

C选项“很难区分人体的有机部分和无机部分”：对应第三段第三句“多重有机体的有机部分和它所构造的无机部分（机器）之间就没有什么区别了（littledistinctionwillremain）”，这里指的是人类因为紧密联系失去独立个性后，多重有机体的有机部分和无机部分没什么区分，而不是这本身就很难区分，属于偷换概念；

D选项“有机体比机器更有创造力”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Itseemsthatthewriter________.作者似乎________。

A.isinterestedintheimaginarylifeformsA.对想象中的生命形式感兴趣

B.iseagertofindadifferentformoflifeB.渴望找到一种不同的生命形式

C.iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeformC.确信存在一种新的生命形式

D.iscriticaloftheimaginativepeopleD.对富有想象力的人持批评态度

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第一段“富有想象力（imaginative）的人把目光投向太空，琢磨（wonder）那里是否有生命存在……火星是唯一看起来可能（lookslike）存在类人生命的星球……它们可能（may）在金星或木星上繁殖。”，第四段“太空探险者可能（may）会发现由许多协同单元组成的大型生物。”，以及第五段“这些单位可能是（may）‘次要的’……它们可能（may）完全由金属和其他耐用材料建造。”，综上所述，作者想象和假设了不同的生命形式，整篇文章都在讲述作者对不同于人类的生命形式的想象，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“渴望找到一种不同的生命形式”：文中探讨的不是实际的生命形式，而是想象中的生命形式，属于无中生有；

C选项“确信存在一种新的生命形式”：作者并不确信，只是猜想和想象，属于反向干扰；

D选项“对富有想象力的人持批评态度”：作者没有对此批判，反而自己在想象，属于反向干扰。

6.单选题

Governmentpolicymakersshouldconsider（

）benefitcoveragefortemporaryemployees,promotingpayequitybetweentemporaryandpermanentworkers,assistinglaborunionsinorganizingtemporaryworkers,and（

）firmstoassigntemporaryjobsprimarilytoemployeeswhoexplicitlyindicatethatpreference.

问题1选项

A.tomandate...toencourage

B.tomandate...encouraging

C.mandating...toencourage

D.mandating…encouraging

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。considerdoingsth.“考虑做某事”；第二个空格前有and，可知promoting，assisting和空格处为并列结构，因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis（）.

问题1选项

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。

8.单选题

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstarted___hewasactuallykilled.

问题1选项

A.beforelong

B.longbefore

C.solong

D.goalong

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.beforelong没过多久B.longbefore很早以前

C.solong这么长时间D.goalong进行；支持；赞同

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】“刺杀计划”（Theplottoassassinate）和空白处后“他真的被杀了”的逻辑可知：刺杀计划在他真正死后之前就开始了。同时，空白处之前的时态为过去完成时，空白处后的时态为过去时。这也说明了两者之间的先后关系。综上所述，B选项longbefore“很早以前”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“之前”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

A选项beforelong意为“不久以后”；longbefore是“很久以前”。Beforelong用作时间状语，常与将来时、过去时态连用；longbefore体现过去时态，常用于过去时或过去完成时；

C、D选项不符合句子结构，无法与句子结合。

【句意】刺杀马丁•路德•金的计划在实施前酝酿已久。

9.翻译题

Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeathofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillhardtoswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongerterm.(1)Themoreimportantchallengesistocreateopportunitiesandadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbecooperatorssometimescompetitors.

Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.(2)InplaceofclassictheoryofdecreasingreturnsasresourcesandmarketsareexploitedeconomistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.“Increasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfartherahead,”hesays.“ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology—oneofmanycompetinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasingreturnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanycanmakeakillingfromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors.”

(3)Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingbasicincommonthereisworryingnewsforbosses.Thefirstruleofcomplexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy,”saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhichapredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,speciesA,tothrive.(4)ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethepredatorhasanotherpreyspeciesB,competingwithspeciesA.WiththepopulationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayevenpushspeciesAtolocalextinction.

Businessecosystemsfaceproblemofdecidingwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn’tstophere.“Wheneverythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,”saysPimm.(60)“Sometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”

【答案】1.在复杂的企业网络中，企业之间有时合作有时竞争，更重要的挑战是创造机会并适应变化。

2.随着资源和市场的开发，传统的收益递减理论被经济学家亚瑟提出的收益递增理论取代。

3.如果商业系统和生态系统有一些基本的共同点，那么老板们就会担忧。

4.但物种A总是遭殃，因为捕食者有另一个猎物物种B，而物种B与物种A竞争。

5.有时，尽管不是自身的错，物种也可能会灭绝。

10.单选题

Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies（文选）andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmeri-cansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttode-cidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents；non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.

Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.Suchworkswouldena-blestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses（andprofessorsinrelatedfields）tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough（费力地阅读冗长或艰深的材料）mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,given

suchworks,AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoac-quireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.The“dilemma”(Line2，Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha（）

3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmeri-canscouldresultin（）

问题1选项

A.respondingtoacriticism

B.describingacourseofstudy

C.discussingaproblem

D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction

问题2选项

A.lackofacceptablealternatives

B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives

C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood

D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives

问题3选项

A.primarysourcematerials

B.introductorytexts

C.excellentanthologies

D.referencematerials

问题4选项

A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchwasextremelylimited.

B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents.

C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtothem,insuchcourses.

D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources.

问题5选项

A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfield

B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies

C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture

D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsi-anAmericanstudies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了亚美研究中教授基础课程的老师一直面临着不知道向学生推荐哪本教科书的困境。因此C项正确。

2.细节题。第一段指出：Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents（即使是这个领域的专家也很难推荐教科书），因此，D项“面临多种选择的困境”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopedias”定位至第二段：Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias（一个复杂的原因是在亚裔美国人身上一直缺乏专门的一卷参考书，如传记词典或桌面百科全书）。因此，D项referencematerials（参考资料）正确。

4.细节题。第一段指出：Inrecentyears，teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable（近几年来，亚美研究入门课程的教师们面临着几十年前不存在的两难境地，当时几乎没有这方面的教材）。因此，A项“能用作教科书的资料极其有限”正确。

5.细节题。第二段指出：sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial（因为好的参考资料可以让学生获得必要的背景信息并解读难的不熟悉的资料）。因此D项“包含在更广泛的亚美研究的阅读书目中”正确。

11.单选题

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

问题1选项

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，inproportionto意为“与……成比例，与……相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。

句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。

12.单选题

Themost（）technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

问题1选项

A.solemn

B.prominent

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项solemn“严肃的；隆重的，郑重的”；B选项prominent“突出的，显著的；杰出的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的；兴旺的”；D选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：20世纪最显著的技术成功或许是计算机革命。结合句意，选B。

13.单选题

“Congratulations,Mr.Cooper.It’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningand（1）adifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeel（2）whentheyreceivethenews,（3）othersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.（4）therearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehad（5）experiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularly（6）childr