考研考博-英语-上海对外经贸大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海对外经贸大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

1.ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools（）.

2.Childrenwhoarebullied（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”（）.

4.WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?

问题1选项

A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecase

B.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschools

C.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommon

D.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith

问题2选项

A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaverageperson

B.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadults

C.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlife

D.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife

问题3选项

A.isnolongertrueinmanyschools

B.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschools

C.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcern

D.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources

问题4选项

A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.

B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.

C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.

D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节题。根据文章SectionA第二句，“AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.”，调查发现在英国有多达四分之一的学生有被欺凌的经历，中学的欺凌事件更少，大约二十五分之一的欺凌会持续下去。可判断出中学的欺凌行为比小学的少，选项B符合题意。

2.细节题。根据文章SectionB提到欺凌给小孩带来的影响，包括让孩子感到自卑和沮丧、导致自杀、长大后出现人际交往困难、更有可能在未来成为暴力分子，可判断出选项A和B文章并未提及，选项C“在以后生活中不太可能有暴力行为”，与原文内容相反，所以选项D“在以后可能会出现人际交往困难”符合文章意思，选项D符合题意。

3.细节题。根据文章SectionC“Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”是学校提出的。学校声称没有欺凌现象的原因在于人们对这个话题所知甚少，老师们也未能得到帮助来应对欺凌。可判断出学校否认欺凌现象的原因在于知识和资源的缺乏。选项D符合题意。

4.细节题。根据文章SectionD“InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.”，在挪威，一项干预措施在全国推广后，对42所学校的评估表明，在两年的时间里，欺凌现象减少了一半。可判断出在挪威进行的研究发现在一场反欺凌运动之后，欺凌事件减少了一半，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Thedevelopedcountriesareurgingthedevelopingcountriestoadoptastrategythatcan（）thetwinneedsofdevelopmentandpreservationofnature.

问题1选项

A.assimilate

B.correspond

C.coincide

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:assimilate“吸收”；B:correspond“一'致”；C:coincide“一致”；D:reconcile“使一致”。句意：发达国家正在催促发展中国家采用一个能使发展和保护自然的双重需要一致的策略。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

3.单选题

Thegirl（）hertablemate’sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.

问题1选项

A.pinched

B.punched

C.pitched

D.preached

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。pinched掐，捏，拧；punched用拳猛击，打孔；pitched掷，投，扔；preached讲道，说教。根据句中atclass推测，女孩只是捏了一下同桌的胳膊。故A项正确。

4.单选题

Otherskepticspointoutthatsuchapeacefulrisehasno（

）inhumanhistory.

问题1选项

A.reference

B.allusion

C.inference

D.precedent

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词辨析。reference参考，参照；allusion暗指，典故；inference推理，推断；precedent先例。句意：其他怀疑论者指出，这样的和平崛起在人类历史上还没有先例。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Thesealcandivetoadepthofabout1600feetandremain（）foraslongasanhourandtenminutes.

问题1选项

A.breathless

B.fearless

C.submerged

D.unconscious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。breathless屏息；fearless无畏的，大胆的；submerge沉浸，淹没；unconscious无意识的。由前半句可知海豹可以在1600英尺的海里潜水，由dive及remain可推知海豹能保持屏息…。故A项符合题意。句意：海豹可以潜入1600英尺深的海里，并且能保持屏息一小时十分钟。

6.单选题

IfIhadacarofmyown,I（

）ittoyoursisteryesterday.

问题1选项

A.willlend

B.wouldlend

C.shouldlend

D.wouldhavelent

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知,这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词,主句应该用wouldhave+过去分词。所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderobjectivelyselectedfacts;Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovideinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.

However,theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshouldconfinethemselves（1）the"facts":Thisinsistence

（2）twoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storycomesabout.Thereportercollects

（3）

fiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspace（4）

beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsten

（5）

heconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshall

（6）

theleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonot

（7）

eyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,

（8）

onpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual"or"objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlike

（9）

involvedininterpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,calling

（10）

theirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism"arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

问题1选项

A.with

B.by

C.through

D.to

问题2选项

A.raises

B.rises

C.arises

D.rouses

问题3选项

A.speak

B.state

C.remark

D.say

问题4选项

A.agreement

B.assignment

C.allotment

D.arrangement

问题5选项

A.what

B.which

C.how

D.whether

问题6选项

A.determine

B.involve

C.constitute

D.organize

问题7选项

A.progress

B.prolong

C.prospect

D.proceed

问题8选项

A.rather

B.than

C.or

D.instead

问题9选项

A.that

B.this

C.these

D.those

问题10选项

A.up

B.off

C.upon

D.for

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。confinesb.to“将某人限定在…内”，答案D

第2题:考查固定搭配。此空意为提出问题raisequestions，答案A

第3题:考查动词辨析。say做副词用，前后用逗号隔开，表示“大约、例如”，答案D

第4题:考查名词辨析。agreement协议；arrangement安排；assignment分派指定的任务；allotment分配、配发。由上下文可知此空意为“分配”，答案C

第5题:考查连词辨析。此处由which引导定语从句，答案B

第6题:考查动词辨析。determine决定、下决心；involve包含、牵涉；constitute组成，构成；organize组织。句意：编辑要从这十个事实选一个构成总领。答案C

第7题:考查动词辨析。progress进步；prolong延长；prospect勘探；proceed继续进行。句意：读者不会继续再读下一段。答案D

第8题:考查固定搭配。whether…or…“不管…还是…”

第9题:考查代词辨析。those指代judgments

第10题:考查词组辨析。callup征召…入伍；calloff取消；callupon号召，要求，拜访；callfor要求、需要。句意：记者和编辑会结合调查资源、大环境背景和新闻中立性原则……答案C

8.单选题

Thedoctor’s（）wasthatsheshouldgoandseethespecialistinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.constraint

B.counsel

C.coherence

D.consciousness

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。constraint约束，强制；counsel劝告，忠告；coherence一致；consciousness意识，知觉。

句意:医生的（）就是她应该去看这个领域的专家。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

问题1选项

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未觉察到的”；patent“专利的；显然的”；obvious“明显的；显著的”；pernicious“有害的；恶性的。句意：中国人经常握住我的手不放。他们非常满意地交流，没有察觉到我的不舒服和试图解开自己的手。选项A符合题意。

10.不定项选择题

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

问题1选项

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

问题2选项

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

问题3选项

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

问题4选项

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。A选项“荒漠化和环境变化”；B选项“风化和侵蚀”；C选项“土地生产率和肥料”；D选项“深耕和轮耕”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth，我们定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种物理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）答案选B，其他选项与题无关。

第2题:主旨大意题。A选项“工业化的积极影响”；B选项“科罗拉多大峡谷周围的旅游业”；C选项“环境变化的历史”；D选项“流水改变大地的方式”；整篇文章没有提及工业化和环境变化，A，C排除；文章只是用科罗拉多峡谷的变化来引入主题，没有提及峡谷周围的旅游业，所以B选项排除；文章第一句话点出主题后，后面都是谈的水对地形的变化，所以正确答案选D。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思“作者怎么展现大峡谷的？”；A选项“滑坡影响”；B选项“作为地理之谜”；C选项“侵蚀的消极影响”；D选项“侵蚀的积极影响”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种地理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）由此可以看出科罗拉多大峡谷是地理奇迹而不是地理之谜，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从这句可以看出大峡谷是水的侵蚀作用的积极影响，而滑坡是负面影响，所以排除A、C，答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。题干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是为了证明：侵蚀（）”；A选项“总是有益的”；B选项“缓慢的过程”；C选项“有负面影响”；D选项“能帮助形成洞穴和峡谷”。根据题干，我们定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句话是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从although这个转折词可以看出来，整篇文章是要讲侵蚀的不好的方面了，所以答案C正确。A，B，D选项虽然在前文中都说到了，但是根据题干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能选C。

11.单选题

Itisregrettablethatstudentsdonot（

）theirstudentloansandtherebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.

问题1选项

A.reimburse

B.refurbish

C.relinquish

D.recount

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reimburse偿还，归还；refurbish再磨光，刷新；relinquish放弃，弃绝；recount详述，重新计算。句意：令人遗憾的是，学生没有偿还他们的助学贷款，以致于后来的学生在助学贷款的申请上面临更大的问题。根据therebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.可知A项最符合题意。

12.单选题

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthat“anyoneintoday’sworldwhodoesn’tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.”Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:“Theverystronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwar,hasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thand19thcenturyrots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrepublic.”

IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.Itspurpose,totheextentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“Whatcouldmanacquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismorevaluablethanknowledge?”askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredatraditionofitsown.“Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself,”saidJohnDewey,“Itisitsownend.”

Butwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedon?Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).Asrecentlyasthelastcentury,whenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatall,studentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts,andcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.“Theyfelt.”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory,“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”

1.ThefirstparagraphshowsthatJillKerConwayacceptsutilitarianemphasisineducation（）.

2.Educationforeducation’ssakewasprobablyopposedby（）.

3.Theideathateducationtransmitsknowledgeisdatedbackto（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredthatCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.（）.

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue?

问题1选项

A.wholeheartedly

B.withreservation

C.againstherownwill

D.withcontempt

问题2选项

A.scholarsintheRenaissanceperiod

B.JillKerConway

C.scholarsintheDarkAges

D.Plato

问题3选项

A.theRenaissancehumanists

B.themedievaluniversities

C.the18thcentury'sAmericanscholars

D.thecoldwarperiod

问题4选项

A.devotedhislateryearstoclassicaleducation

B.wasanadvocateofeducationinhistory

C.wasanopponenttoclassicaleducation

D.regretteddiminishingtheimportanceofthedistinction

问题5选项

A.FivepercentofAmericancollegestudentslearntLatintexts.

B.StudentsinNewEnglandlearntLatintextsinofficialorganizations.

C.StudentswerecompelledtolearnmodernEuropeanlanguages.

D.AmericancollegestudentshadtolearnLatintextsbyreading.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.（但她坚持认为，对这些问题的日益重视留下了一定的差距。）我们可以知道知道，虽然吉尔・克尔・康维支持实用主义教育，但是她认为实用主义教育仍然有一些欠缺，因此B选项“仍然有余地”正确。A选项“全心全意地”；C选项“与她的意志相违背”以及D选项“带有目的性的”，都不正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句和第二句IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.Overjoyedwith...theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.（与柏拉图对教育的社会价值的主张相反，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者提倡一种完全不同的关于智力目的的观点。他们为重新发现被认为在黑暗时代已经消失的经典知识而欣喜若狂，他们认为知识的传授不需要任何理由——宗教的，社会的，经济的或政治的。）通过这两句话我们知道，柏拉图认为教育应该具有社会价值，而文艺复兴时期的人文主义者持有与柏拉图完全不同的观点，提出知识的传授不应该具有宗教、社会、经济、政治目的，由此我们可以推断出，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者建议“教育只为教育而生”即“educationforeducation’ssake”的观点，综合考虑，最有可能反对“教育的目的就是教育本身。”的是柏拉图，因此D选项“柏拉图”正确。A选项“文艺复兴时期的学者”没有提到；B选项“吉尔・克尔•康维”，她虽支持实用主义教育，但仍认为它有一些欠缺，因此不正确；而C选项“黑暗时代的学者”，没有提及。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).（在较简单的时代，它全部被包括在中世纪大学的四科（算术、几何、天文学、音乐）和三科（语法，修辞，逻辑）中。）通过这句话我们知道，在简单时代，中世纪大学向学生传授四门学科（算术、几何、天文、音乐）和三学科（语法、修辞、逻辑）的知识，因此我们可以判断出教育传授知识的观点可以追溯至中世纪大学，因此B选项“中世纪的大学”正确。A选项“文艺复兴时期的人文主义者”；C选项“18世纪的美国学者”以及D选项“冷战时期”，都不符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段“Theyfelt,”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnion...distinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.（“他们的感受。小查尔斯•弗朗西斯•亚当斯遗憾地说。“联合太平洋铁路总统晚年致力于书写历史，”一个古典教育的重要区别是一个人上大学，一个人没有上大学，任何削弱这种区别的事本质上都是革命，倾向于无政府状态。”）作者在引用这段话时用了regretfully（遗憾地）一词，从而说明CharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.是反对古典教育的，因此C选项“是古典教育的反对者”正确。A选项“晚年致力于古典教育”；B选项“是历史上教育的倡导者”以及D选项“遗憾的是降低了区别的重要性”都属于抓住这一段引语中的个别词句进行发挥，都与原文不符，也无法由原文推知。

5.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第三段第三句Asrecentlyasthelastcentury...ormodernEuropeanlanguages(近至上个世纪，当美国上大学的人总共还不到5%的时候，新英格兰教育机构里的学生却在被迫着记忆和背诵各种拉丁文本，那些顽固的教授愤怒地反对引进任何新的科学发现或现代欧洲语言)。B选项中的officialorganizations是该句中establishments的改写，意思上与原文相符，因此B选项“新英格兰的学生在官方机构学习拉丁文”正确。A选项“百分之五的美国大学生学习拉丁文”；C选项“学生们被迫学习现代欧洲语言”以及D选项“美国大学生必须通过阅读来学习拉丁语”都不符合原文。

13.单选题

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

问题1选项

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项indicated“表明，显示，象征，暗示”；B选项scrutinized“仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及对细节苛求的态度检查；C选项caressed“抚摸，爱抚”；D选项penetrated“看透；透过……看见，洞察；发现；揭示”。句意：他母亲审视着他的脸，想看看他是否在说真话。Scan“细看；察看；审视；端详”。D选项与scan意思最接近，因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

TheNuttyProfessorwaswrittenoffas（）,butinactuality,hewasasmartman!

问题1选项

A.complicity

B.effigy

C.inane

D.diatribe

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项complicity“共谋；串通；共犯关系”；B选项effigy“雕像；肖像”；C选项inane“空洞的；愚蠢的”；D选项diatribe“诽谤；恶骂”。句意：肥佬教授被描写成愚蠢的，但是在现实中他却是一个聪明的人。结合句意可知C选项正确。

15.单选题

Thepresentuniversalfearhasbeentheresultofaforwardsurgeinourknowledgeand（）ofcertaindangerousfactorsinthephysicalworld.

问题1选项

A.automation

B.perception

C.manipulation

D.administration

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。automation“自动化”；perception“感觉，看法”；manipulation“操作”；administration“管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我们对物理世界中特定危险因素的突破性了解和认知的结果。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Ineverknowwhetherthebosswilldismissmebecauseofmybeinglateforwork,soIcan'taffordto（）myduties.

问题1选项

A.neglect

B.deny

C.refuse

D.ignore

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect“疏忽；忽视”；deny“否定；否认”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；ignore“忽视；不理睬”。句意：我从不知道老板是否将会因为我上班迟到而解雇我，所以我不能承受去疏忽我的职责。由前半句可知，此空表达的是“不能承受疏忽职责”之意，故A项正确。

17.单选题

Henrywentthroughthedocumentsagaincarefullyforfearof（

）anyimportantdata.

问题1选项

A.relaying

B.overlooking

C.deleting

D.revealing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。空格前是介词of，后面是名词data，结合选项可知此处需要填入动名词。A选项relay“传达；转发；转播”；B选项overlook“忽略；俯瞰；远眺”；C选项delete“删除”；D选项reveal“显示；透露；泄露”。句意：亨利又仔细地检查了一遍文件，生怕……什么重要的数据。由“检查文件”、“数据”等关键词可知，此处应表示“生怕遗漏重要数据”。B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Theinstructionsonhowtousethenewmachine（）thatnobodyseemedtobeabletounderstand.

问题1选项

A.wereverysimplistic

B.wasveryconfused

C.weresoconfusing

D.wassosimplistic

【答案】C

【解析】根据下文句意，没人能理解，首先排除选项A和D；confused的主语是人；confusing的主语是物。本句的主语是instructions，所以选项C正确。

19.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Anaestheticsense,aninstinctforbeauty,isoneoftheuniversalattributesofhumanbeings.

（1）Whileatitslowestlevelaestheticappreciationismerelyofanthropologicalorsociologicalinterest,atitshighestlevel,perhaps,itduplicatesartisticcreationandexistsonthesameplane.Butcertainlythat“plane”ismulti-dimensional.

Manypossiblereasonswhyhumanbeingsareresponsivetobeautyandneedartintheirlivescanandhavebeenadduced.（2）

Myowntheoryisthatartconcentratesandchannelsemotionsandexperiencesthatwouldotherwisebeinchoateandunformedinthepsyche;thatistosay,itbringsintosharpfocusandgivesformtoshadowypromptings,conflictingemotions,andhalf-glimpsedimpressionsofuniversalsituationssuchaslove,loss,questionsoflife'soriginsandend,andsoforth,anditallowsustoseeandfeeltheseimpressionsclearlyandintently.

Judgingfromtheevidenceofthemedia,however,theemotionalnatureofaestheticpleasureisawell-keptsecret.（3）

Almosteverytimerunacrossamentionofaestheticsinthelargecirculationculturalorgansandopinionmagazines,thediscussioncentersaroundthedeepappreciationofartasart.It'sasiftheonlyaestheticpleasurethereisinpoetryorfictionormusicisintherecognitionoftechnicaldevicesandform.

Everythingthatmakesartapowerfulinstrumentinhumanlifeisdependentuponitsbeingamediumforlife,notathinginitself…（4）Whentheso-calledaesthetictemperamentwishestoexpelfromtheholycitadelallthatisextraneoustoart,itendsupactual