考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

问题1选项

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项count“计数，计算”。B选项strip“剥夺，剥去”。C选项elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”。D选项cast“投，抛”。句意：这个实验室的工程师们花了几个星期的时间来详细制定他们的新自行车计划。根据句意可知，C项正确。

2.单选题

Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs（

）carefullyinherhands.

问题1选项

A.tobeheld

B.wereheld

C.held

D.holding

【答案】C

【解析】句意:马吉跑回厨房，鸡蛋小心地握在手中。

语法题。考查独立主格。分析题干可知,句子前半句已完整,所以句子结构为主句加分句,或者主句加独立主格结构。空格处不可能为谓语动词。排除B。分句主语eggs“鸡蛋”应该是被放在手上。A选项tobeheld表示的是一种目的，或者是将来要发生的事情，不符题意。C选项逻辑主语与动词hold之间是被动关系，符合题意。

3.单选题

Chinahashundredsofislands.（）isTaiwanIsland.

问题1选项

A.amongthemthelargest

B.andthelargestofwhich

C.andthelargestofthem

D.butinwhichthelargest

【答案】C

【解析】句意:中国有数百个岛屿，最大的岛是台湾岛。

语法题。考查复合句。逗号连接两个句子,因此空格处至少有一个连词。故排除A项。B项中“thelargestofwhich”和D项中“inwhichthelargest”都不能充当主语。因此，正确答案是C项。

4.单选题

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

问题1选项

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助动词替代。题干中的as作为连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样”。根据平行结构原则，从句中应填入实义动词had，但主句中已有了一个have，为了避免重复，可用助动词did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用来代替studied)．像列宁那样学习。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

问题1选项

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

问题2选项

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

问题3选项

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

问题4选项

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

问题5选项

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因为我们每个人在遗传能力和表达这些能力的有利环境方面都有独特的差异，所以我们必须广义地定义成功。”由此可知环境和能力是成功的必要因素。C项正确。

2.词义题。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“对一些人来说，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨过自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些内心平静的可怜的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人与家人一起在大自然的美景中享受简朴的生活。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起来拥有丰富的物质财富，他们中的许多人似乎是悲惨的，当以他们自己的成功目标来判断时，他们认为自己是不成功的。可知富人认为自己不成功是因为从他们自己的目标来衡量时并不够富有。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顾问补充说:“你并没有真正失败，也没有破坏你成功的机会，直到你在你真正喜欢的事情上失败了，并为此付出了最大的努力。可知D项正确。ABC三项与原文不符。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要第一段讲述了成功的定义，第二段和第三段分别举例说明什么是成功。故A项正确。

6.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项confess表示“坦白；承认；供认”，B选项declare表示“宣布，申明，宣称”，D选项confirm表示“确认，确定，核实”，C选项claim表示“宣称，要求，索赔”。由句意可知，新同事宣称，他进入我们公司之前，在一些大公司里工作过。空缺处单词需与介词to构成搭配，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

7.单选题

The（

）of“snake”issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

问题1选项

A.connotation

B.denomination

C.donation

D.denotation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。connotation“内涵；含蓄”；denomination“面额；名称；教派”；donation“捐款；捐赠物；捐赠”；denotation“符号；表示；意义”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一种有着长而细的身体的无腿爬行动物。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Theinterconnectionintheglobalfinancialsystemmeansthatifonenation（）onitssovereigndebtorentersintorecessionthatplacessomeoftheexternalprivatedebtatriskaswell,thebankingsystemofcreditornationsfacelosses.

问题1选项

A.accounts

B.defaults

C.bailouts

D.switches

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。account“认为”；default“拖欠，不履行”；bailout“紧急救助、跳伞”；switch“转换”。句意：全球金融体系的互联互通意味着如果一个国家的主权债务违约拖欠，或陷入衰退，导致部分外部私人债务也面临风险，债权国的银行体系将面临损失。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Irememberedthattherealworldwaswide,andthatavariedfieldofhopesandfears,of（）,awaitedthosewhohadthecouragetogoforthintoitsexpanse,toseekrealknowledgeoflifeamidstitsperils.

问题1选项

A.sensesandexcitements

B.sentimentandexcitement

C.sensibilityandexcitement

D.sensationsandexcitements

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。sensesandexcitements“感觉与兴奋”；sentimentandexcitement“情绪与兴奋”；sensibilityandexcitement“感觉与兴奋”；sensationsandexcitements“感动与兴奋”。根据空格前hopesandfears都是用的复数形式，可知空格中也要用名词复数。句意：我记得真实的世界是广阔的，充满希望和恐惧，充满感动与兴奋，等待着那些有勇气的人走入其中，在生活的冒险中寻求真正的知识。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.

问题1选项

A.beingcultivated

B.beencultivated

C.havingcultivated

D.cultivating

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玉米原产于新大陆，因此直到哥伦布发现古巴在种植玉米，欧洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根据玉米被种植确定用被动语态，排除C、D选项；在until引导的时间状语从句中，it是宾语，横线到句尾是宾补，强调被种植的状态，用现在分词的形式，A选项beingcultivated符合题意。B选项beencultivated用法错误。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；B选项“进入”；C选项“捡起，获得，收拾”；D选项“调小，拒绝”。句意：美国人和中国人在与（）陌生人交谈的能力上有所不同。根据关键词：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最准确的是enterinto所以答案选B。

12.翻译题

(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(梦境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.

Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(脑病变),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸检),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.

Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.

OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.

CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:

“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.

Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”

“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊贵的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”

【答案】【参考译文】

（1）有些权威人士宣称，人们会发疯的原因是为了在精神错乱的梦境中寻找在残酷的现实世界中得不到的那种被重视的感觉。

（2）如果有人极度渴望一种“被重视”的感觉，那么试想一下如果我们能及时给予他们这疯狂的一面以真诚的赞美，又会产生怎样的奇迹呢。

（3）如果他们不喜欢一件事，就会向下属大喊大叫；如果他们喜欢，就什么也不说。就像那句老话说的那样：“坏事传千里，好事不出门。”

（4）“我还没有找到一个人，无论他如何伟大，地位如何崇高，不是在被赞许的情形下，比在被批评的情形下，更能够成就伟大的事业。”

13.单选题

Iftheinvestmenttaxcreditis()asapartoftaxreformplan,thecapital-intensivebusinessessuchassteel-makersandairlinerswillfaceahardtime.

问题1选项

A.repealed

B.inferred

C.induced

D.appealed

【答案】A

【解析】repealed废止，撤销；inferred推测；induced引诱，说服；appealed呼吁，求助。句意：如果投资抵税被取消来作为税收改革计划的一部分，钢铁制造商和航空公司等资本密集型企业将面临艰难时期。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.Criticismthatrestrictsitselftoideologymissesthebasicreasonthewriterisworthreadinginthefirstplace.HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage.Shewasatpainstodistinguishherselffromotherwriterswithclearlydefinedsocialandpoliticalagendas.Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”

Hurston’ssavingdistinctionwasherexquisitelysensitiveear.Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround3’).Butwhenshedeployedcolloquialspeechandcelebrateditsabilitytomovebeyondmeredenotation,shewasaspectacularwriter,andthefarthestthingfromaflagwaver.When,forinstance,shedescribesaspeedingtrain,sheusesawordthatperfectlyconveysthesoundofthewheelsclickingoverthetrackjoints:it“schickalacked”overtherails.

Hurstonwasabrillianttranscriberofcolloquiallanguageandtelleroffolktales,butthesewereonlypartofherachievement.Whenwritinginherownvoice,sherenderstheworldinphrasesthatarepalpableandwonderfullyimmediate.Thisisawriterwhounderstoodthatspontaneousimage-makingisthemarkofalivinglanguage,thatasharedlanguageistheonlyconduitwehaveintotheinteriorlivesofotherpeople.

Hurston’srealsubject,andthisisthereasonherworkwillabide,wastheuniversaldisjunctionbetweenthelimitlesshumanimaginationandtheconstrictionswithinwhichallhumanbeingslive.ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame.Hurstonrejectedalltheconventionalcategories-race,class,gender-bywhichsomeofherlatestcriticsorganizeexperience.“Myinterestliesinwhatmakesamanorwomandosuch-and-so,regardlessof…color.”

1.Thepassageprimarilyconveystheauthor’s（

）.

2.Inline2,“temper”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Hurstoncriticize“somewriters”(lines6-8)for

（

）.

4.Thesentencebeginning“shewassometimes...”(lines9-11)servesprimarilyto

（

）.

5.Intheunderlinedlines22-23(“she...blame”)，theauthormostdirectlyimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.enthusiasmaboutHurston’ssocialactivism

B.amusementatthosewhomisunderstandHurston’sviews

C.skepticismaboutHuston’spermanenceasaliteraryicon

D.appreciationforHurston’sliterarytalents

问题2选项

A.courage

B.composure

C.mood

D.resiliency

问题3选项

A.relyingontheappealofpopularthemes

B.abandoningtheirwritingwhentheyencounterdifficultiesingettingpublished

C.shirkingpatrioticdutiesduringtimesofpersonalhardship

D.beingunwillingtowritewhatthepublicmostwantstoread

问题4选项

A.noteanexceptiontotheclaimmadeintheprevioussentence

B.provideanexampleofHurston'seffectiveuseofpoeticlanguage

C.emphasizetheauthor’scentralargumentaboutHurston’sstyle

D.revealalittle-knownaccomplishmentofHurston’s

问题5选项

A.thecharactersinHurston'sfictionwereoftenmorecontroversialthattheirreal-lifecounterparts

B.toomuchshouldnotbemadeofHurston'schoiceofwhomtowriteabout

C.Hurstonfeltcompelledtoapologizeforwritingaboutwhatwasmostinterestingtoher

D.Hurston’speerscouldnotidentifywithhercharacters

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第三句HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage提到Hurston成为美国经典不是因为她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者对Hurston的文学才能是表示赞赏的，选项D符合题意。

2.考察词义。文章第一段第一句AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.提到Hurston的文学命运随着时代的“脾气”不断的起伏。选项C中的mood与之相近，符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。文章第一段Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheartItisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”提到Hurston认为有些作家写的内容都是陈词滥调，过分迎合大众的口味，没有新意。选项A符合题意。

4.考察判断推理。文章第二段第二句Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround)提到了Hurston的写作风格，喜欢用暗喻的手法，选项C符合题意。

5.考察判断推理。文章最后一段第二句话ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通过描写美国南部黑人妇女的生活来例证这一主题，而这本身既不值得赞扬，也不应该受到指责。由此可知作者认为没有必要将注意力过多放在Hurston写的人物身上。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

问题1选项

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。blatant“喧嚣的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“显而易见的”。句意：毫无疑问，不诚实或秘密获取的信息通常是压倒性的证据，表明这种信息是机密的，不属于辩护人员技能和知识的一部分。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Togreatacclaim,WangYing-laiandhisteamattheInstituteofBiochemistryinShanghaiannounced,in1965,thattheyhadsynthesizedbiologicallyactiveinsulin.SimilarresearchwasbeingconductedinlabsintheUnitedStatesandacrossEurope,butWang’sdiscoverywaswellinadvanceofhisrivals,andusheredinaneweraofsyntheticproteins.Thisexample,unfortunately,istheexceptionratherthantheruleforChinesescience.Chinahasalongwaytogotoberecognizedasaleadingscientificcountry,butrapidprogressisbeingmade.

ModernscientificresearchdidnotbegininChinauntiltheearlytwentiethcentury.ThefoundingoftheAcademiaSinicaanditsassociatedresearchinstitutesin1928signifieditsbeginning,butitsactivitywasseriouslydisruptedbyintermittentwarsandpoliticalturmoil.Sciencehashadlittlechancetotakehold.

Now,giventhesoundnessoftheChineseeconomy,thesteadyincreaseinthegovernment’sfundingforbasicandappliedresearch,andthegeneralappreciationoftheimportanceofscientificdevelopment,thetimehascomeforChinatomakeitspresencefeltontheinternationalresearchstage.

IhavehelpedtobuildseveralacademicprogramsinChinaduringthepasttwodecades,andInowbelievethattheremainingobstaclestoChineseresearchinstitutionsachievingexcellenceareculturalratherthaneconomic.

Authorityversuscreativity

TheConfuciantraditionofrespectingcustomsandhierarchyhascastalongshadowovermodernChina.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformityinthepastdecadeshavehamperedthecreationofanenvironmentthatfostersindividualcreativity.Deferencetoauthorityandtoexistingparadigmsisamajorbarriertoscientificbreakthrough.

ScienceeducationinChinaisextensiveandrigorous,andhaswonuniversalpraise.Butittakesmorethanthistocultivatescientists;studentsshouldbeinspiredtopursueknowledgeitself,andahabitofraisingquestionsneedstobefostered.Challengestoexistingevidence,hypothesesandconcepts,howeverI,oughttobeencouragedandseriouslyaddressed.

Respectforauthoritiesandthespiritofconformityleavetheirmarkonthestyleofscientificresearchaswell.ResearchprogramsinChinaoftencloselyfollowexistinglinesofresearchintheWest,usingsimilarparadigms.Thisoftenleadstocompetitionatadisadvantage.

ColleaguesinChinaoftencomplainthattheirresultsarenotappreciated,whereassimilarworkperformedinWesterncountriesispublishedinhigh-profilejournals.

Strengtheningtheuniquenessoftheirworkwillincreaseitsvisibility,aswillimprovingitspresentation.AttheInstituteofNeuroscienceinShanghai,wegiveregularscientific-writingclasses,usingdraftsofmanuscriptstoillustratehowtoimproveclarityandprecision.

Theseskillsareimportant,butultimatelyitisconfidenceandskillinattackingimportantproblemsattheforefrontofsciencethatwillleadtomajordiscoveriesandinternationalrecognition.

CriticalscientificexchangeisrarelyseeninChina,especiallyinpublic.YetopenandfrankdialogueisurgentlyneededtomakescientificconferencesinChinanotjustfriendlygatheringsbutintellectualeventsthatstimulateideas.UnduecourtesymaybeindispensableformaintainingtheConfucianorderinatraditionalChinesefamily,butitisdetrimentaltoresearchinstitutions.Onewaytoovercomethismightbefortheorganizersofscientificmeetingstobeginwiththestatementthatcriticalornegativecommentsaretobetakenasconstructiveinputs.

Theattitudetowardscritiqueisalsorelevanttothesubmissionofscientificpaperstointernationaljournals.Criticalcommentsbyrefereesmayatfirstglanceseemunfairorhostile.Researcherswouldbenefitfromamorepositiveapproach:itisoftenusefultoreflectuponthecommentsandthengobacktothelaboratorybench,ratherthansendingthepaperimmediatelytoadifferentjournalwithoutmuchimprovement.Forexample,investigatorsfromtheInstituteofNeurosciencehavemadegreateffortstoimprovethequalityoftheworkuponrejectionoftheirpapers,andthisapproachhasbeenrewardedbyamarkedincreaseinthenumberofpublicationsinhigh-qualityjournalsinthepastfewyears.

31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.

32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?

34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?

35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?

问题1选项

A.muchbetterthan

B.similarto

C.somehowpoorerthan

D.notalloftheabove

问题2选项

A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.

B.Confuciusculture.

C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.

D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.

问题3选项

A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.

B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.

C.Chineseeconomy.

D.Thegovernment’sfunding.

问题4选项

A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.

B.Lackofuniqueness.

C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.

D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.

问题5选项

A.hostile

B.positiveandthankful

C.indifferent

D.worrisome

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.31.王和他的团队的发现______世界上其他研究人员的发现。

A.muchbetterthanA.强得多

B.similartoB.相似

C.somehowpoorerthanC.某种程度上不如

D.notalloftheaboveD.以上都不是

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“美国和欧洲的实验室也在进行类似的研究，但王的发现远远领先于（wellinadvanceof）他的竞争对手，开启了合成蛋白质的新时代（usheredinanewera）”，从inadvanceof（领先）和usheredinanewera（开启了新时代）可知，王的团队的发现要比世界上其他研究人员的发现更好，故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项在文中是说其他实验室的研究类似，并不是发现类似，属于张冠李戴；

C、D选项与原文不符，属于曲解原文。

32.【选项释义】

32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?32.什么标志着中国科学研究的开始？

A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.A.王英来和他的团队。

B.Confuciusculture.B.儒家文化。

C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.

C.中央研究院的成立。

D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.

D.间断性战争的中断。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词scientificresearch定位到文章第二段，从第二句“1928年成立的中央研究院及其相关研究机构标志着它的开始”可知，中国科学研究的开始的标志是中央研究院的成立。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都与原文出处无关，属于张冠李戴。

33.【选项释义】

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?33.作者认为，阻碍中国科学家个人创造力的主要因素是什么？

A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.A.敢于挑战权威和现有模式。

B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.B.独裁统治和政治一致性。

C.Chineseeconomy.C.中国经济。

D.Thegovernment’sfunding.D.政府的资助。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键信息individualcreativity定位到文章第五段第二句“过去几十年的专制统治和政治一致性阻碍了培养个人创造力的环境的创造”，可知，是专制统治和政治一致性阻碍了个人创造力的发展。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项是突破个人创造力阻碍的因素，与题干相反，属于反向干扰；

C、D选项是当前中国科学发展良好的因素，与题干无关，属于张冠李戴。

34.【选项释义】

34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?34.对于中国科学家来说，如本文所述，哪一个原因不是导致在国际上发表成果的机会低的原因之一？

A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.A.西方研究人员并不欣赏他们的研究结果。

B.Lackofuniqueness.B.缺乏独特性。

C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.C.定期的科学写作课程并不常见。

D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.D.难得看到批判性的科学交流。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据文章倒数第四段最后一句“在上海神经科学研究所，我们定期开设科学写作课程（regularscientific-writingclasses），用草稿来说明如何提高清晰度和准确性”，从regularscientific-writingclasses（定期的科学写作课程）可知，这并不是中国研究在国际上出版率低的原因。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均是中国研究在国际上出版率低的原因，属于反向干扰。

35.【选项释义】

35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?35.在阅读同行评议的评论时，作者们应该采取哪种态度？

A.hostileA.敌意的

B.positiveandthankfulB.积极和感恩的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.worrisomeD.令人担心的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】文章最后一段第三句提到“研究人员将从一个更积极的方法中（amorepositiveapproach）受益：对评论进行反思（reflect），然后回到实验室做实验，而不是立即将论文发送到不同的期刊，而没有太多改进”，从中可知，研究人员应该用积极和反思的态度来面对同行的批评，因此该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

17.翻译题

Springdisplaysthenoisy,oftenshallowmoodsofadolescence.Autumnmoodsarethoseofmaturity,deeperandmoreintense.Agravemist-softenedmorningofreflectionisfollowedwithinhoursbyaValkyrieworldofscreamingtwilightwhenelementalwindstearwitheredleavesfrombranches,rockandstriptheshiveringforestandraiserollingmountainsondarkseas.Thewindpassesandthebillowingcloudscondenseintorain,whichfallswithquietpersistence,fillingthehardened,cart-rutsincountrylanes,floodingstreamsoversoddenmeadowsandemulsifyingthefallenleaves.Bluepatcheswidenbetweenthesun-lined,cloudsandsoontheglossybaretwigsarebrilliantinrain-washedsunshine.

【答案】【参考译文】春天散布着嘈杂、浅淡的少年心情，秋天的心境是成熟、深沉而更为强烈的。一个静穆的轻雾缭绕的早晨，几小时之内便会被疾风骤雨的世界所取代，强劲的风吹打着枯枝败叶，震颤着瑟瑟的森林，并使绵亘的山峦在黑色的海面上显露出来。风平浪静之后，惊涛骇浪般奔涌的云凝结成雨，安静而耐心地落下，湿润着乡间小径干硬的车辙，注满了流经草地的小溪，并促使地上的落叶化作泥土。镶着金边的云朵之间，蓝天渐渐开阔，光秃秃的树枝在雨后初晴的阳光中垂挂着晶莹的水滴。

18.单选题

Onhergraduationfromcollege,Helenwasmarriedtoaclergyman,thepriestofaneighboring（）.

问题1选项

A.division

B