考研考博-英语-华北电力大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华北电力大学科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

青年兴则国家兴，青年强则国家强。青年一代有理想、有本领、有担当，国家就有前途，民族就有希望。中国梦是历史的、现实的，也是未来的；是我们这一代的，更是青年一代的。中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，终将在一代代青年的接力奋斗中变为现实。

【答案】Anationwillprosperonlywhenitsyoungpeoplethrive.Iftheyounggenerationhasideals,abilitiesandresponsibilities,thecountrywillhaveafutureandthenationwillhavehope.TheChinesedreamishistorical,realisticandfuture;itbelongstoourgeneration,especiallytheyounggeneration.TheChinesedreamofthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationwilleventuallybecomearealityintherelaystruggleofgenerationsofyoungpeople.

2.单选题

Theirqualification（

）themtoahighsalary.

问题1选项

A.rewards

B.grants

C.entitles

D.awards

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他们的资格使他们有权享有高薪。

考查动词辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词的三单形式。Reward奖励,奖赏;grant同意,准予,允许,一般用法为grantsb.sth.或grantsb.todosth.;entitle使享有权利,使符合资格,一般用法为entitlesb.tosth;award授予,判定,一般用法为awardsb.sth.或awardsth.tosb。由关键词themtoahighsalary可知C项无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题干要求。

3.单选题

RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetime,someofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit―ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.

Thismakesthemrathercynical.

1.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause（

）.

2.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts（

）.

4.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?

5.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?

问题1选项

A.hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals

B.hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdo

C.hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted

D.hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals

问题2选项

A.Dangerous

B.Demanding

C.Distressing

D.Dramatic

问题3选项

A.patrollingthestreet,rainorshine

B.trackingandarrestingcriminals

C.collectingandprovidingevidence

D.consultingtherulesoflaw

问题4选项

A.Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.

B.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.

C.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases

D.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense

问题5选项

A.Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.

B.Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.

C.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.

D.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.”，可知第一个区别是警察的现实生活是围绕着刑法的，他必须知道什么行为是犯罪，什么证据可以在法庭上证明他们所逮捕的人确实有犯罪行为。可判断出警察必须接受刑法方面的训练的原因在于要能证明他所逮捕的人是罪犯。选项D符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章中对警察的相关描述，“apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw…heoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence…therealoneistheunpleasantpressures…”，可知警察需要懂法律，需要在逮捕过程中收集证据，需要承受不快的压力等等，可判断出最能描述警察这个职业的词为demanding“要求高的”，选项B符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第四段，“Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.”，可知在现实生活中，找到罪犯在很多情况下并不是什么大问题。又根据第五段，“Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.”，可知逮捕之后，才真正开始侦探的工作了。他必须在法庭上证明自己的观点，为此他经常需要收集很多不同的证据。可判断出警察需要把大量的时间和精力花在寻找和收集证据上。选项C符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第六段，“Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.”，可知第三个最大的区别就是不快的压力，首先，他们总是必须绝对依法行事。其次，作为公务员，他们必须取得成效。可判断出警察必须在不违反任何法律的情况下达到最理想的结果。选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness…insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.”，可知如果侦探要侦破这个世界，世界往往会欺骗他。他遇到的任何人几乎没有一个告诉他真相。侦探会感到自己与外界的这种隔阂加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的时候，而其他人可能希望给罪犯改过自新的机会而对其从轻处罚。可判断出警察与世界隔离的原因在于他们没有得到人们应有的支持。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

41.人类社会中的战争大体源于两方面的缺乏。第一是资源的缺乏：争夺对国家安全和经济发展至关重要的稀缺战略资源往往是一国发动战争的重要动因。第二是信任的缺乏：这种缺乏常常导致国家在宗教、文化、意识形态等方面的持续对抗，并由此引发军事冲突。

42.一方面，投资的滞后牵制了经济的增长，而另一方面，持续的消费热在一定程度上缓解了经济的衰退。

43.大学里学到的知识还相当粗浅，研究生阶段才开始研究学问，但在这个时期也只能算是初涉学术，更加注重的应是领悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

5.翻译题

Putthefollowing3EnglishsentencesintoChineseand3ChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

因为博客的实质只不过是一种“网络白志”，即在网页上按照吋间顺序排列个人信息的一种记录形式。博客的最大特点就是利用网络空间，发表自己的观点主张，最大程度地彰显个人的自主性或独立性。尽管它正在成为--种越来越重要的文化载体甚至社会载体，但是无论如何都不可能取代最古老的知识传承方式——读书。

中国的传统节日的食俗丰富多彩，且有悠久历史。刚刚过去的春节是我国最最重要的节日，人们通常从它的前夜——-除夕就开始准备了。这一天人们一般都会吃鸡、鸭、鱼、肉、饺子等。再过几天就是端午节了，这个节日的重要食俗就是吃粽子(ricedumpling)。而吃月饼则是中秋节最具代表性的习俗，人们都喜欢在这天与家人团聚，边饮酒赏月，边吃月饼。

我要强调的是，我们不能因为成功举办了奥运会和经济发展较快而太过骄傲自满。必须认识到，我们只是一个发展中国家———个人口大国、经济小国。对于这么一个国家，不管有多么可观的收入，只要除以13亿，立刻就变成很低的人均水平。所以，中国的发展道路离真正的富强还很漫长，万里长征才走了几步啊！我们需要一直努力才行！

Itwasa"matchofthecentury"betweenhumanchampionoftheChineseboardgameGoandGoogle'scomputerprogramkickedoffinSeoullastWednesday,whichdrewgreatattention.Google'sartificialintelligencesoftwarehaswonitsthirdstraightmatchagainstagrandmasterofanancientboardgamecalledGo.Google'sprogram,AlphaGo,wonfourgamesandlostoneinaseriesoffiveagainstLeeSedol,who'sconsideredoneoftheworld’sbestGoplayers.ThismeansGooglehassecuredthe$1millioninprizemoneyfromthecompetition,whichitsaysitwilldonatetocharity.ButthiswasaboutmorethanmoneyandbraggingrightsforGoogle.

TheZikaviruswasfirstisolatedin1947fromamonkeyintheZikaforestofUganda.ItshistoricalhomehasbeeninanarrowequatorialbeltstretchingacrossAfricaandintoequatorialAsia.Fordecades,thedisease,transmittedbytheAedesgenusofmosquitoslumbered,affectingmainlymonkeys.Inhumans,Zikaoccasionallycausedamilddiseaseoflowconcern.In2007,ZikaexpandeditsgeographicalrangetocausethefirstdocumentedoutbreakinthePacificislands,intheFederatedStatesofMicronesia.From20132014,4additionalPacificislandnationsdocumentedlargeZikaoutbreaks.

China'sstunningeconomicriseisoneofthebiggestlegendsofthisgeneration.Injustthreedecadessincebeginningtoembracemarketeconomics,Chinahasleftitsdesperatepovertybehindtobecometheworld'stopexportingnation.ThetransformationhasoccurredsoquicklythatmythsandmisperceptionsaboundaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesthatChinaposestoAmericaandtherestoftheworld.

【答案】Thecoreoftheblogsisjustakindof“networkdiary’’，namely,arecordingformofdisplayingthepersonalinformationonthewebpagechronologically.Thebiggestcharacteristicoftheblogistousethenetworkspacetoissueyourownpointofviewandshowyourpersonalindependenceorautonomybythegreatestdegree.Althoughitgraduallybecomesamoreandmoreimportantculturalcarrieroreventhesocialcarrier,nomatterwhat,itcouldnotreplacethemostancientwayofpassingknowledgedownway—readingbooks.

Chinahaswitnessedalonghistoryoftheeatingcustomsoftraditionalfestivals,whichisfullofvariety.TheSpringFestivaljustoverthepastisthemostsignificantfestivalofallinChina.Peoplehavepreparedforitfromeveofit,theNewYear’sEve.Thisday,peoplewouldeatthechicken,duck,fish,meatanddumplings.Inafewmoredays,theDragonBoatFestivaliscoming.Theeatingcustomofthisfestivalistoeattheracedumplings,whiletoeatthemooncakesisthemostrepresentativeeatingcustomoftheMid-autumnFestival.Peoplewouldreunitewiththeirfamilies,drinkingandenjoyingthemoonwhileeatingmooncakes.

IwanttoemphasizethatweshouldnotbetooproudandcomplacentbecauseofthesuccessfulOlympicGamesandtherapideconomicdevelopment.Wemustrealizethatoursisjustadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationbutweakeconomy.Forthiscountry,anyconsiderableamountoffinancialresource,dividedby1.3billion,becomesaverylowpercapitallevel.Therefore,Chinaisfarawayfromprosperity.Howfewstepsthelongjourneywehavetaken!Wearegoingtobeworkinghard.

上周三，中国围棋人类冠军与谷歌电脑程序在首尔举行了“世纪之战”，引起了广泛关注。谷歌的人工智能软件已经连续第三次击败名为Go的古老棋盘游戏的大师。名为“阿尔法狗”的谷歌软件在和世界最好的围棋选手李世石的五场比赛以四胜一败结束。这意味着谷歌已经从竞赛中获得了100万美元的奖金，并表示将捐赠给慈善机构。但是这场胜利的意义已经超过了奖金和胜利本身。

塞卡病毒最初是1947年从乌干达塞卡森林的一只猴子身上分离出来的。它的历史发源地是一条狭窄的赤道带，横跨非洲，一直延伸到赤道亚洲。几十年来，这种病毒由伊蚊属蚊虫传播，消无声息，主要感染猴子。在人类身上，塞卡病毒偶尔会引起一种低关注度的轻微疾病。2007年，寨卡病毒扩大了地理范围，导致在太平洋岛屿密克罗尼西亚首次爆发有记载的疫情。2013年至2014年，又有4个太平洋岛屿国家记录了大规模寨卡病毒的爆发。

中国惊人的经济增长是这一代人最大的传奇之一。自开始接受市场经济以来的短短三十年里，中国已经摆脱了极度贫困，成为世界上最大的出口国。这种转变发生得如此之快，以至于出现了大量关于中国对美国和世界其他地区带来构成威胁的传说和误解。

6.单选题

Hewaseasilyhurtbecausehisfeelingswerevery（）.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.senseless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他很容易受伤，因为他很敏感。

考查形容词辨析。sensible明智的；合乎情理的；能感觉到的;sensational轰动的；耸人听闻的;sensitive敏感的；senseless愚蠢的;无意识的。根据前半句句意“他很容易受伤”可知C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.

问题1选项

A.response

B.impulse

C.instinct

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项response“反应，回答”；B选项impulse“冲动”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项consciousness“意识，知觉”。句意：人类的行为主要是学习的产物，而动物的行为主要依靠本能。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery____forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项hostile“敌对的；怀有敌意的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的；急切的”；C选项tedious“沉闷的，无聊的”；D选项obscure“模糊的，不清楚的”。句意：对于19世纪工厂的工人来说，每周工作80个小时，没有什么乐趣，这种生活一定很____。从没有littleenjoyment“没什么乐趣”可以看出，这种生活很无聊，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

9.单选题

AlthoughJackandIhadnotmetforover20yearsIrecognizedhim______Isawhim.

问题1选项

A.justas

B.eventhough

C.theminute

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项justas“正如；正像”；B选项eventhough“虽然，即使”；C选项theminute“一……就，当……（即）”；D选项aslongas“只要；如果；既然；长达”。句意：虽然我和杰克已经20多年没见面了，但我一见到他就认出他来了。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（强迫，胁迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（条款，规定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题1选项

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

问题2选项

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

问题3选项

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

问题4选项

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题5选项

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他说道would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,与选项D对应。

3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse decades of declining membership among private industries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。

5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。

11.翻译题

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(断奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。

2.但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。

3.因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。

4.但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。

5.“这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”

12.单选题

Thebrillianceofhissatireswas（

）makeevenhisvictimslaugh.

问题1选项

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.sothat

D.suchthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。分析句子结构，可知was后面缺少表语，so是副词不可做表语，排除A、C选项。suchasto表示“到如此程度以致，如此……以致”，其中的such为代词，在句中作表语；suchthat表示“到这样的程度”，结合选项意思及句意选B。句意：他写的讽刺作品十分精彩，即便是被他讽刺的那些人也忍不住要笑。

13.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate“恶化”；dissipate“浪费”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

确定目的后，原告必须考虑在什么法院起诉最能实现其目的。他必须在联邦法院起诉?在州法院?或两者可选其一?若在州法院，在哪一州?若在联邦法院，该在全国86个辖区中的哪个区？在此存在许多考量，有些过于技术的我们便不在本文中论及。然而，并非所有案件的原告都会面临选择难题。如上所述，有些案件只能在联邦法院提起，且事实上只能在一所特定的联邦法院.。

【答案】Aftermakinghisdecision,theplaintiffmustconsiderhowtoselectadequatecourttosue,e.g.thefederalcourt,stateoneorthosearethetwoalternatives.Ifgoingtothestatecourt,heneedthinkaboutchoosingwhich;orthefederalcourt,hehastochooseadistrictfromnational’s86jurisdictions.Becausetherearemanyfactorstobeestimated,itisnotconvenientforustodiscusssomeknowhowsherein.Butnotallplaintiffsshouldbefacedwiththedilemma.Asstated,atypeofcasemaybeheardonlyinthefederalcourt,andinfactonlyinaspecialone.

15.填空题

Don'ttrytousethatprinter.It'sbeenoutof（

）forages.Idon’tknowwhytheystillhaven’trepairedit.

【答案】order

【解析】固定搭配。outoforder发生故障。

16.单选题

TheManchushadeffectedacoalitionwiththeChinesegentryclasswhichsecuredthepositionsofbothparties.Thegentryweresetapartfromthecommonersandgiven（）careerprivilegesinthegovernmentbureaucracy.

问题1选项

A.inclusive

B.special

C.exclusive

D.especial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项inclusive“包含的”；B选项special“专用的，专门的”；C选项exclusive“独有的，专有的”；D选项especial“特别的，尤其的”。根据前文贵族人与普通平民区分开来，可推测后文应该是赋予贵族独有的地位，exclusive含有“排他”之意，故答案选项为C。

17.单选题

UncleGeorge’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewillrecover.

问题1选项

A.pullup

B.pullback

C.pullout

D.pullthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。recover表示“恢复”；A项pullup“拔起，阻止”，B项pullback“拉回，撤回”，C项pullout“离开，撤离”，D项pullthrough“渡过难关，恢复健康”。句意：乔治叔叔的情况看来很严重，他能否康复很难说。因此D项正确。

18.单选题

TherearetwocolumnsmarkedAandBbelow.10setwordsarelistedincolumnAwiththedefinitionsprovidedincolumnB.StudythephrasesincolumnAcarefullyandmatcheachwordwiththecorrectdefinitionincolumnB.

ColumnA

1.vitality

2.prompting

3.instantaneous

4.dynamic

5.prudent

6.original

7.feverish

8.facilitate

9.likewise

10.sponsor

ColumnB

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题1选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题2选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题3选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题4选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题5选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题6选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromtheb