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考点26并列句和状语从句高考频度:★★★★★一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词:and:可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。Wearesingingandtheyaredancing.or:用于否定句中连接并列成分,表示"和,与";用于"祈使句+or+陈述句"中,意为"否则,要不然"。Thebabyistooyoung.Hecan’tspeakorwalk.both…and:"两个都……",连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。BothLiPingandMaryaregoingtotheGreatWalltomorrow.either…or…:"要么……要么",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。EithersheorIamright.neither…nor:"既不……也不……",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。NeitherhenorIamright.notonly…butalso:"不仅……而且……",强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteachergivesthemoneytoourschool.2.表示转折关系的并列连词but"但是",所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Ourschoolissmallbutbeautiful.while"然而,可是",表对比。Hewentoutforawalk,whileIstayedathome.yet"但是,然而",用于转折。Ihavefailed,yetIshalltryagain.我失败了,但我还要尝试。3.表示因果关系的并列连词"由于,因为",表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;for引导的从句不能位于not,but或任何连词之后。"由于,因为",表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;for引导的从句不能位于not,but或任何连词之后。Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.for:"因此,所以",表示结果,so不能和because连用。"因此,所以",表示结果,so不能和because连用。Therewerenobuses,soIcamebybicycle.so:4.其他常用并列连词when:"就在那时",常用句型:beabouttodo…when…begoingtodo…when…bedoing…when…►Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.二、并列句并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成,起基本结构是分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中,除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组,或者连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不用并列连词,只用逗号.分号.冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有:and,but,or,for,so,neither,nor…并列连词词组有:either…or,neither…nor,both…and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…连接副词有:besides,furthermore,moreover…表示联合关系常用and,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连词Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.Icanneitherwritesongsnorplaytheguitar.表示选择关系常用or,either…or等连词Wecookadinnertogether,orwegoforalongwalk.…eitheroneofhisdaughtersreplaceshimasaprisonerinthecastle,orhewilldie.…表示转折和对比关系常用yet,but,however,while等but表示完全转折,语气较强。while主要表示对比。however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Somesportsaredoneindoors,whileothersaredoneoutdoors.Theywantedtocharge﹩5,000forthecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneywhilemenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.Onecannotseewind,however,itdoesexist.I’dliketogowithyou;however,myhandsarefull.Theessayisgood;itcouldbeimproved,however.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.(并列连词)Itisstrange,andyetitistrue.(连接副词)表示因果关系常用so,for,therefore等连接词Ididn’tgetenoughsleepsoIdidn’tfeelverywellthismorning.Itwasraining,thereforewehadtostayathome.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbrginningtofail.表示条件或者结果常用and或者or等连词Simplyraiseyourhand,andataxiappearsinnotime.Don’tdrivetoofastoryouwillhaveanaccident.Standoverthereandyouwillseetheoilpaintingbetter.Youhavetomoveoutofthewayorthetruckcan’tgetpast.表示递进关系常用besides,furthermore,moreover等连接副词。Televisionisentertaining;besides/furthermore/moreover,itisinstructive.注意:1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句,and/or+主谓结构。(2)名词短语,and+主谓结构。(3).beaboutto...when...正要……这时突然……Climbtothetopofthemountain,andyou'llgetagoodviewofthecity.Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Anotherfiveminutes,andI'llfinishthecomposition.Afewminutesandtheywentaway.Hewasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorainheavily.2.however,but,while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。Hewasill,buthestillkeptonworking.Whatshesaidsoundedreasonable,Mr.Green,however,didn'tbelieveher.她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。Thereisplentyofraininthesouthwhilethereislittleraininthenorth.南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1)so不能与because连用。(2)but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用1.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenlyfootballfeeljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.【答案】Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmealmosthitme.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。2.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade_(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,___67___becauseIwantto.”【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应,构成“不是……而是……”之意,故填but。3.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。4.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears,butheagreed.【参考答案】but改为and【答案解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。定义在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,结果,目的,方式,比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后,一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词(连接词)引导。分类地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。方式状语从句as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如……","就像",多用于正式文体。asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。原因状语从句because,since,as和for(1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。(2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等词引导。分类结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。注意:①somany已成固定搭配,alotof虽相当于many,但alotof为名词性的,只能用such搭配。②so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。条件状语从句连接词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。注意:unless=ifnot.让步状语从句连接词though,although,后面的从句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用。比较状语从句引导词及用法:(not)so/as…as,than,the+比较级……the+比较级……,except/exceptingthat...(除了……)。时间状语从句连接词:when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after,once/assoonas/themoment/theminute/theinstant/immediately/directly/instantly,/nosooner…than/hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when,thefirst(second…)last/next/every/each/bythetime等分类时间状语从句when/while/as都表示"当……的时候",但when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态,while侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态,as侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态,强调"同一时间,一先一后,一边……一边……"。when的其他用法及意义:(1)"突然,正在此时",常构成以下结构:be(was/were)+doingsth/abouttodosth/onthepointofdoingsth/todosth/onone’swayto...+when(vt-ed).../haddone…+when(vt-ed)..(2)"既然/如果"until/till二者意义相同,until比till正式,句首只能用until。肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示"直到……为止";否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示"直到……才……",常构成"not...until...=before...但notuntil放在句首时,主句应该半倒装(倒主不倒从)。分类时间状语从句sinceprep"自从……以来"主句(一般/现在完成时)+since+时间点adv."从那以后"sincethen/eversince强调某一动作或状态的一直,它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。conj.主句(一般/现在完成时)+since从句(vt-ed)(1)主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,必须强调动作的多次。GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceIleftthiscity.(takeplace为终止性动词,故译为"自从我离开这城市,发生了很多变化")(2)从句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,则从句的动作表示延续多长时间了,按正常语序翻译。(3)若从句谓语动词为延续性动词时,则从句的动作表示已结束多长时间了。(4)itis/was/hasbeen+一段时间+since(vt-ed)..."自从……有多长时间了"before"在……之前;还没(来得及…….就;趁着还没……"【固定用法】itwas(not)/haddone+一段时间+before(vt-ed)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"分类时间状语从句itwill(not)be+一段时间+before(一般式)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"③thereis+一段时间+togo(=left)+before(一般式)..."在……之前"④longbefore"不久前",用于一般过去时和完成时中;beforelong=soon/notlongafter"不久后",用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。其他once(一旦/曾经,常放在句首)/assoonas/themoment/theminute/theinstant/immediately/directly/instantly,/hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when/nosooner…than(一……就……);hardly/scarcely/rarely/nosooner置于句首须半倒装,构成hardlyscarcely,rarely/nosooner+had+s+done...when/than).thefirst(second…)time/last(next)time/every(each)time/bythetime(常与完成时连用)1.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatients__________theyneedmedicalassistance.A.ifonly B.asif C.eventhough D.incase【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。A.ifonly要是…多好;B.asif好像,仿佛;C.eventhough即使,尽管;D.incase以备,以防,免得。故选D。2.It'smucheasiertomakefriends________youhavesimilarinterests.A.unless B.when C.eventhough D.sothat【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意"当你们兴趣相投时,交朋友就容易多了"可知,这里应该用when引导时间状语从句。3.Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday,________Iwantedtohireacar.A.incase B.evenif C.eversince D.ifonly【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车,所以选A。incase以防、以免或以便于。evenif即使,用于让步状语从句;eversince自从,一般引导时间状语从句;ifonly倘若,用于条件句,使用虚拟语气。题组一基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1.Ihavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexploration________IbelieveIcouldlearnagreatdealfromhimaboutit.2.Oliverisnottherightsortofpersonforthejob,________I'llpayhimoff.3.Ibelievedher—________surelyshewouldnotlietome.4.Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessful________othersaren't?5.It'snotdoingthethingswelike,________likingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.6.Thechildrenmusthavegotlostinthewoods;________,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1.Iwillbegrateful________youcouldgivemeakindconsideration.2.________Ishowedmyanswertohim,theteacherpraisedmeformyindependentthinking.3.________cleaningstreetisnomorethananordinaryjob,itcontributestothesociety.4.Goodopinionsareworthstickingto________theycanbenefitusall.5.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor________youlockyourselfoutoneday.6.Ittooknearlytwohundredyears________IwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.题组二能力提升I.单项填空1.Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,__________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A.so B.or C.for D.but2.There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery________anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.A.since B.if C.as D.while3.IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,________Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.A.but B.and C.so D.or4.Ithinkwe’dbetterkeeptothesubject,______we’llwasteourtime.A.and B.or C.but D.so5.—Gladtoseeyou,Kate.—Oh,myGod.It’sbeen20years_______welastsaweachother.A.when B.before C.after D.since6.—Whataterribleaccident!—Yes.Ithappened_______hefourroadsmeet.A.where B.that C.when D.as7._______thestudentsfoundthesoldier’sideainteresting,thesystemfortheblindwastoodifficulttobeofpracticaluse.A.As B.Since C.While D.When8.China’seconomyissuretodevelopveryquickly_______thenewgovernmentisabletoworkscientificallyandpractically.A.eventhough B.incase C.asthough D.inthat9.–I’mtotallyconfusedaboutwhyshestealsthings_______shecaneasilyaffordtobuythem.A.if B.when C.while D.because10._________belateagain,hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.A.Inorderto B.Soasto C.Inordernotto D.SoasnottoII.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)GandhiwashonoredasthefatheroftheIndiannation,__1__hehasbeenrespectedbytheIndianswiththebeliefthatheisanIndiannationalhero.HewasborninIndiain1869.Asisrecorded,hedidnotgetmarried__2__13yearsold,followingthelocalcustom.In1888hesailedtoEngland,__3__studyinglawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.__4__hereturnedtoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahewassurprisedtofindthattheproblemofracialdiscriminationwasserious.__5__,heformedanorganization__6__thiswashowhestartedtofightforequalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,__7__IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleandindependenceforhiscountry.__8__inthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison__9__itwasstillnotsurewhethertheycouldgainindependence,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogivein__10__Indiawonitsindependencein1947.UnfortunatelyGandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.题组三体验真题1.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinion_________hewantstheirsupport.A.since B.onceC.unless D.after2.(2017·新课标I卷·短文改错)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoes(改为went)blank,Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.3.(2017·新课标III卷·短文改错)Ihad(改为have)grownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.4.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards________we'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.but B.or C.for D.so5.(2016·北京卷·单项填空)Iamnotafraidoftomorrow,________IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.A.so B.and C.for D.but6.(2017·天津)I___________downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.A.wasdriving B.havedriven C.woulddrive D.drove7.(2015·北京)Heisashyman,___________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.A.so B.but C.or D.as8.(2014·北京)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,______plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A.so B.or C.for D.but9.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,________Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.A.but B.and C.so D.or题组一基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1.and 2.so 3.for 4.while 5.but 6.otherwiseII.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1.if 2.When 3.Although 4.because 5.incase 6.before题组二能力提升I.单项填空1.A【解析】考查并列句。句意:一些动物带着种子到处走,所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲"有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方",所以导致"植物传播",表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。2.D【解析】考查并列连词的用法。句意:没办法知道为什么一个人有重大发现,而另外一个人虽然也很聪明,却没有(重大发现)。此处while是并列连词,表示转折和对比,意思是"然而"。根据句意选D。3.A【解析】考查连词。句意:我很高兴又遇见了珍妮,不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的didn't表示否定,由此可知这里是转折的意思。故选A。4.B【解析】考查连词的用法。句意:我觉得我们最好是继续这一科目。否则会浪费我们的时间。and表并列关系;or表示选择;but表示转折;so表示因果。本题旨在说明要么继续这一科目,要么浪费时间,二者择一。故答案为B。5.D【解析】考查连词。句意:——凯特,很高兴见到

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