计算机组织与结构：Chapter 1 Introduction

WilliamStallings

ComputerOrganization

andArchitecture

7thEditionChapter1IntroductionOrganizationn.组织，机构Architecturen.（计算机）体系结构，架构，建筑风格Architecture&Organization1ArchitectureisthoseattributesvisibletotheprogrammerInstructionset,numberofbitsusedfordatarepresentation,I/Omechanisms,addressingtechniques.e.g.Isthereamultiplyinstruction?OrganizationishowfeaturesareimplementedControlsignals,interfaces,memorytechnology.e.g.Isthereahardwaremultiplyunitorisitdonebyrepeatedaddition?Attributen.特性，特质，属性Featuren.(电脑)功能部件Architecture&Organization2AllIntelx86familysharethesamebasicarchitectureTheIBMSystem/370familysharethesamebasicarchitectureThisgivescodecompatibilityAtleastbackwardsOrganizationdiffersbetweendifferentversionsStructure&FunctionStructureisthewayinwhichcomponentsrelatetoeachotherFunctionistheoperationofindividualcomponentsaspartofthestructureStructuren.结构，构造组织e.g.J5-教务处各个功能办公室Functionn.机能，功能，（数学）函数，（电脑）操作，子例行程序e.g.J5-教务处各个功能办公室为教学服务完成各种工作

FunctionAllcomputerfunctionsare:DataprocessingDatastorageDatamovementControlFunctionalviewOperations(1)DatamovementOperations(2)StorageOperation(3)Processingfrom/tostorageOperation(4)

ProcessingfromstoragetoI/OStructure-TopLevelComputerMainMemoryInputOutputSystemsInterconnectionPeripheralsCommunicationlinesCentralProcessingUnitComputerStructure-TheCPUComputerArithmeticandLoginUnitControlUnitInternalCPUInterconnectionRegistersCPUI/OMemorySystemBusCPUStructure-TheControlUnitCPUControlMemoryControlUnitRegistersandDecodersSequencingLoginControlUnitALURegistersInternalBusControlUnitOutlineoftheBook(1)ComputerEvolutionandPerformanceComputerInterconnectionStructuresInternalMemoryExternalMemoryInput/OutputOperatingSystemsSupportComputerArithmeticInstructionSetsOutlinen.纲要，梗概，要点OutlineoftheBook(2)CPUStructureandFunctionReducedInstructionSetComputersSuperscalarProcessorsControlUnitOperationMicroprogrammedControlMultiprocessorsandVectorProcessingDigitalLogic(Appendix)Appendixn.（书末的）附录InternetResources

-Websiteforbookhttp://WilliamS/linkstositesofinterestlinkstositesforcoursesthatusethebookerratalistforbookinformationonotherbooksbyW.Stallingshttp://WilliamS/StudentSupport.htmlMathHow-toResearchresourcesMiscInternetResources

-WebsitestolookforWWWComputerArchitectureHomePageCPUInfoCenterACMSpecialInterestGrouponComputerArchitectureIEEETechnicalCommitteeonComputerArchitectureIntelTechnologyJournalManufacturer’ssitesIntel,IBM,etc.InternetResources

-UsenetNewsGroupscomp.archcomp.arch.arithmeticcomp.arch.storagecomp.parallelComputerOrganizationandArchitecture,EighthEdition,Ninthedition,Four-timewinnerofthebestComputerScienceandEngineeringtextbookoftheyearawardfromtheTextbookandAc