大范围重点预测-综合口语版

综合口语版–171013【综合口语出题规律从出题规律来看，2016842010-20152016明显趋势是，自2016年起，综合口语几乎很少出现4况，大部分为新旧题拼盘或4道题均为新题但值得注意的是，通过查重对比发现，2016年不同的综合口语旧题，常常测。希望认真利用好手头的机经资料，在考试中取得高分！小站托福

最详尽的资料& 的教【使用说明个部分含60题，四个部分共计240题。点击下 综合口IntegratedSpeaking–TaskTaskTaskTask12345678920160910(A)20160910(B)场Task3场Task3标题：ice-skatingrinkconvertedintostudent场在心，离学校4km远原因场标题：CommunityServiceOpportunityfor 态度：赞同这一观场标题：schoolrequestthatstudentsclubcontainatleastten原因2：过少不会长久存在下去。原因1：学校在学生会活动上的支持很少只有一些小型的活动比如hiking，并没有浪费学校很多钱。原因2：不管时间存在的长久，为学生提供了交朋友的机会这场标题：waitlist生放到waitlist上，如果有学生放弃该课程，则waitlist上的学生原因2：根据感的人数，可以另开新课1waitlist原因2：开了新课不会是同一个老师教，而且不一定是学生意向的时场标题：shutthegym原因1：to ockerroomsandshower2：studentscanuseanoff-campusgym态度：girl1：Unnecessarytoshutthewholegymdown,justshuttheareatheyareworkingonandstudentscanchangetheirclothesandtakeshowerintheirdormscuzdormsareclosetothegym.2：theoff-campusgymisfarawayfromcampus,itwilltake30minstothereandanother30minsbacktoschool,plusstudentswillalwaysfeelexhaustedafterworkingout,sotheymaynotwillingtowalkanymore.场标题：Sellingsnacksduringmovie1：Studentswillenjoywatchingmoviesmoreiftheycaneatsomesnacks.2：Theclubcanraisemoneybyselling原因一：Eatingwillbeannoyingandnoisy.Crunchingwillbeagreatdistractionsinceitisasmallroom.原因二：Itisnotfinanciallybeneficialfortheclubs.Thatisbecauseonlysmallnumberofstudentswillgotowatchthemoviesoncampus.Theycannotsellmuch.Andthislittlemoneyisnotworththeefforttheclubneedstotake.场标题：Noticeonpolicychangeinroomtransfer5原因1：学生中心学期初的事务太多。原因原因1：学期初的时间应该留给处理higherpriority的事2move-inandmoveout场20130614NA标题：Buildacampustomakeacampusgardenfor2reasons.(A)Studentscanrelaxwithflowersandtrees(B)thereisanemptylandbehindscientistbuildingswhichissuitableforbeinga态度：Theguy1：It'scoldformostoftimehere.OnlybloomingtimeforplantsissummerbreakDuringrestoftimewhencampusisfull,theflowerscan'tgrow,thecampusgardenismeaningless.场标题：Openachildcare变化：学生建议在学校开办childcarecenter1：可以减轻有孩子的教师及学生的负担，而且费用比起城里的场1：如果学生知道不用早起自然会睡得更晚，实际上会减少休息原因2：教授那个时间正好赶上早，反而在浪费时间场标题：facultyadvisorshelpstudentwritesenior变化：学校要求学生完成一篇比较复杂的seniorthesis,需要学于researchskill的问题。态度：Theboythinksitisagreat2essay场标题：sign-upsheetincomputer态度：Thegirldisagreeswiththe1：如果规定用电脑的时间，这样做会让使用电脑的人完成不了任务，打断也会让大家不舒服。inconvenientandlowefficiency;原因2：timeslot学生们换来换去，loudnoise.场1：除了开幕式、闭幕式等大型活动，并没有很多人买票参加。原因2：扩建对于学校来说是一笔不小的投资，而且学校需要花钱来场标题：DiningHalltocloseduringSpring变化：Theschoolisplanningtoclosethedininghallduringthespringbreak.1.Therearenotenoughstudentsoncampus.2.Studentcouldgototherestaurantintowntohavesome态度：Man1：Therearesomestudentsoncampusduringthebreak.Theyhavetostayheretostudyorwork.Infact,schoolcouldhaveanotheroption.Toopenthedininghallforonlyanhourortoprovideasmaller.2：Goingtotownforfoodwouldbetootime-consuming.Studentswanttomakethebestuseoftheirtimefinishingtheirbigassignmentsorsomething.场标题：NewspapertoPostoff-CampusJob原因2：校内的工作并不是都和学生专业对口，现在学生可以选择对场场标题：Banbikesinthecenterofthe变化：Manystudentsgetaroundcampusbyridingbicycles,whichisgood.However,Ithinkinoneareainparticularthecenterofcampusbetweentheacademicbuildingsshouldbeprohibited.Thesidewalksconnectingtheacademicbuildingsarenarrow,whenstudentsridetheirbikesonthesidewalks,itwouldbeunsafeforotherstudentswhoarewalkingtotheirclasses.Inordertoensurethatstudentsfollowtheruleanyonecaughtridingthebikesinthisareashouldbemadetopaya态度：Thewomandisagreeswiththe原因场标题：createawebsiteforstudent变化：Thestudentproposesthattheuniversityshouldcreateawebsiteforstudentmusicianswheretheycanfindpeopleofthesameinterestsandpostinformationaboutconcertsormusicrelatedevents.态度：Thewomanagreesfortwo1：Sheandherfriendsalwayspracticesongstogether,andtheyplayrockmusic.However,theydon’thappentoknowadrummerwhocouldplaythedrum.Butnow,withthewebsite,theycouldfindoneeasily.2Whenthere.That’sbecausepeopledon’tknowaboutthoseconcerts.Sonow,withthewebsite,morepeoplewillcometotheconcerts.场标题：setwritingcourseinschoolwriting原因1：学生有很多机会和教授沟通，教授的单独指导比writingcentre的要好。场标题：opentheuniversitygymtotheoff-campus变化：Theuniversityisplanningtoopentheuniversitygymtopeopleoff-campusduetotworeasons.Thereasonisthattheuniversitycanchargethemamonthlyfeeandusemoneytoupgradethegymfacility.Andthesecondreasonthatitwon'taffectthestudents'lifethat态度：Thewomanagreeswiththe原因1：Herreasonisthatit'dnecessarynowfortheuniversitytoupgradethefacilitiesbecausesomeofthemarereallyold,thiswaytheuniversitydoesn'thavetochargethestudentsorthefaculty.2：Asforthesecondreason,shementionsthatit'saprettysmalltownanywaysonotalotofpeoplewillusethegymanditwon'tmaketoobigadifferenceforstudents.场20150807NA标题：Opennewwriting变化：学校决定开一个新的写作中心。学校到时候会请tutors,来辅职位，增加工作经验,帮助他们更好的找工作。center原因场20150919NA标题：Eliminatethehumitiesrequirementsofscience场标题：Studentshouldbeallowedtousein2：Ifemergencytheycangoouttocheck场标题：阅读应该被支付工资且付了钱就能得到的原因2：第二个就是应该让更有经验的人示范给他们看设备的用法，场标题：Schoolwilladdcomputersinthelobbyof变化：Schoolwilladdcomputersinthelobbyofdorms.ly,studentscancheck sorreadnews.Secondly,duringthebusytime,everystudentscanonlyusefor10minutes态度：Woman1：It’sconvenientForexampleoncesheforgotherprofessor,butshedidn’twanttogoallthewaybacktoherdormonlyforusinghercomputer.So,sheusedthecomputerinthelobbytosendthe andcheckdirection.原因2：SomestudentsusethecomputerinthelobbytotalkwithfriendsorwritepapersIt’sgoodtomakearuletocontrolthetimeofusingthecomputersinthelobby.场20140117NA标题：TheuniversitydecidestoaddmusicconceitsduringtheProvidefoodduringtheintersection.态度：Thewoman1：Theuniversityusuallyhasonlyoneconcertoftheyear,sothatmusicstudentsarenotabletoperformpiecesofmusic.Addingconcertsduringthelunchtimewouldprovidethemopportunitiestoperformmorepiecesofmusicthattheypracticed.Studentshavetosqueezetheirtimetoattendtotheconcert.Soitisgreatthattheuniversityprovidesfoodforthemfortheir场20140329NA标题：Theuniversityaddsasmallcoffeeshoptothe变化：IntheNewsletterastudentsuggeststheuniversityasmallcoffeeshoptothelobbyoffineart态度：Thewoman2：Drawattentiontotheworkoffineart场20140405NA标题：Proposalofsellingsnackanddrinksinthecampus变化：Reasons:1.Itprovidesstudentswithfoodanddrinkswhentheyarefindingbookstoread.2.Studentsmaygethungryduringclassbreaks.态度1：StudentsmayspilldrinksonbooksandruinthemSomebooksareexpensive.2：Thereisalreadyaconveniencestoreincampusclosetothebuildingwhereclassesareheld.Studentsareunlikelytogototheothersideofthecampustobuyfoodfromthebook场20140510NA标题：addonlinetutoringof生可以安排时间；第二graduatestudents可以加入tutor态度：Womanthinksthat’s便学生，特别是晚上会有学生参加onlinetutoring。onlinegraduatestudents场20140523NApro-peering场20140608NA态度：非常同意原因场20140726NA变化：Theuniversityshouldorganizeabustripsfor1styearstudents.1styearstudentsdon'thaveacar.Seniorscanbemorefamiliarwiththecity.态度：Thewomanthinksitisagood原因1： ,thecityisfarfromcampus,andnopublictransportationavailable.2：Second,becausethereisnobus,shedidnotknowthetimeandplaceformusicconcerts.场20140913NA标题：holdasaleforused变化：学生建议学校holdasaleforuseditems.1：学生可以花较少的钱买useditems;2态度：同意该建原因1：Studentscan’taffordnewitems.说自己中学时想买2：Itiseasierforstudentstogetridofuselessthingsinthe场20141121NA态度：Thewomanthinksitisagood场20141219NA专业的感，还能获取经验2）可以写出的文章来原因场20130302NA2：他自己既学艺术又学教育，教学经历有助于改进他未来教学场20130322NA标题：Improve原因1：很多学生在馆发邮件做研究，要排队才能用上电脑查询场20130531NA标题：GroupstudyIndividualstudyinstudystudyloungegroupstudyforindividualstudy，同时建议groupstudy在馆的会议室（conferenceroom）进行。态度：表示支持2conferenceroomforgroupstudy。因为有门，不场20130927NA标题：prohibiteatingfoodinthe变化：Universitytheaterisplanningtoprohibiteatingfoodinthestadium.Reason1eatingisadistractiontoothermembersintheshow,andavoideatingincreasetheexperience.Reason2:studentsdon'tbringthewasteoutofthestadium-forgetto态度：Thewomanagreeswiththe1：NoiseSomeoneeatspopcornanddistracts2：DirtySomeoneleavesthepopcornboxinthe场20131214NA标题：off-campus变化：Therealwaysaweek'sOrientationforfreshmanofuniversity.One suggest:gocam,inordertoknoweachotherbetter.态度buildingsserviceslikecomputerlab.Butcamhavenothingtodowiththis.useitforamonthandputitinstoreforayear.场标题：increasingattendanceonstudentart场1：首先她当过宿管后有很多很多经验如何去处理事务纠纷等问原因2：其次这样宿管能够有时间去处理其他问题诸如学生宿舍的调场20130412NA标题：ChooseArt变化：学校要求大学生都要选一门艺术课（musictheater等），但sampleoftheirwork态度：学生不同意信里的学生的意见，觉得学生有必要强制学门比如学music的可以学photograph，这样可以exploredifferent原因2：professors都很忙的，没时间看那么所有学生submit的场20121214NA标题：musicbuilding原因原因场标题：体育必修课MandatoryPhysical原因1：房里面（inside）的情况说明不了学生运动的状况,外面的情况不可忽视（outsidedoescount）。有的学生在房外打网（ridebikefromoff-campustocampus），因enwinterests如果体育课改为必修，学生会选择他们"已经会的"或者"很擅长"的运动（hoosethesportthyaearadyownorthyaregoodat）,因为学生倾向于"行事谨慎"（playsafe）场标题：stopservingjunkfoodindiningpaperice-cream场标题：exchangestudentsmustliveonliveoncampus态度：此计划原因场professor后，会被教授叫到进行one-on-onetalk，谈一下这个学生的成绩，解释清为何给这个成绩；另外，允许学生对他问他questionsfromclasswork，包括当时在课堂上没有机会问老师的问题。原因1：学生们经常碰到最后考试成绩低于自己期望值的情况，但是原因2：能问老师问题当然是很好的，当时课堂基本就是听教授lecture，没什么机会提问，而现在这是一个好机会。场标题：Studygroupsofbiology原因1：每个人都有自己的学习方法比如她喜欢用小卡片记东西。场20110319NA标题：library变化：学校计划要搞libraryexpansion,把馆旁边的studentcenter改造成newlibrary，从而increaselibraryspace。好处1)有的空间摆放书、shelves,存放设备、materials。好处2)摆放桌椅，让学生有地方自习。比如将资料扫描成electroniccopy到电脑里可以节省空间。场20110528NA受大学生活，同时有时间学习researchskills场20110708NA标题：Three-weekseminarfornew1：当年他大一就遇到好多问题没人问，现在可以和同学互相交原因场20110820NA变化：学校馆说柜子有限，仅对大4学生开放，因为他们要场20110821NA原因场20111014NA标题：addnewfurnitureto变化：更换馆的旧家具1）提供舒适环境2）吸引学生原因原因2：学生不爱去馆不是因为家具的原因，是因为他们都要场20100424NA变化：Aletteronstudent'snewspaper.阅读中，作者说学校要取消，让学生自己去馆借诗歌的CD人会看。应该刊登在学生中心，馆，甚至是教室。在馆带着耳机听CD没感觉，男生表示同意。场20101029NA原因场20101105NA标题：removethebig-screenTVinthe变化：Intheletterthestudentsuggeststheschooltoremovethebig-screenTVinthecafeteriabecauseitistoonoisySomestudentsusuallystudythere.AndalsostudentsusuallydiscusswitheachotherthereButnownobodydiscussquestionsthere.态度：themandisagreeswiththe原因1： ,theTVisforstudentstorelax.Ifstudentswanttostudy,theyshouldgotolibrary.2：Second,studentsarebigenoughtomakedecisionforthemselvesandnoneeddiscusswithothers.TASK场标题：Nudge定义：Togentlypushcustomerstowardbuyingaproductusingindirectcueorfreshvegetables.Theyputupabigpostertomeettheirend.However,theircustomersdidn’trespond.Thentheyspareasectionintheircartsandputitingreencolorsoastoremindcustomerseatmorevegetables.Thecustomersturnedouttofillitupwithmorevegetablesandthegrocerystoremadeabiggerprofit.场标题：consensus定义：Peoplewillthinkthattherestoftheworldwillthinkbehavelike例子：experiment:asksomestudentsifthey’rewillingtogointoacrowdedbutquietlibraryandsitsownstartingtotalktothemselvesloudlycouldbeanytopic,sillyones,likemaybetalkabouticecream.Somestudentssaidtheyrwillingtodoso,othersrefusedimmediay.Thenthenextquestionis“whatdoyouthinkotherswilldoThestudentwhosaidyeswillalsothinkotherstudentswillsayyes,andstudentswhorefusedtodosoalsoconsiderotherstudentswillrefusethissillyaction.场标题：Constrained例子：教授提到了辛辣食物，特别是ChillyPepper。教授说人们喜场标题：Stimulates定义：Animalsrespondtosoundsandnoisesknownasstimulicreatedbytheenvironment,theyhavedevelopedcapacitytodistinguishthestimuliastowhetherornottheyaredangerousisknownasstimulatesdiscrimination.例子：Professorusedanexampleofseal,itisananimalthreatenedbywhales.However,onlyonetypeofwhalewilleatseal,theothertypeseatfish.Thewhalesmakeratherslightlydifferentnoisesthatcanbedistinguishedbyseals.WhetherthesealisabouttorunforitslifedependsonthenoiseithearsThetypeofwhalethateatssealmakesasimpleanonymoussoundwithonenotewhenthesealhearsititwillrunawayTheothertypeofwhalesthatprayonfishmakeacomplexsound,whenthesealhearsit,itwillcontinueeatingratherthanwastingenergyandtimeonrunning.场标题：reward的公司资源可以帮助经理提高rewardpower，但是也可以用creative的方式影响员工的工作效率例子：Kris是一家造纸公司的销售团队的组长。该公司一般会通过举行party来激励员工，虽然他不能掌控party的，但是他知道员工需要被认可，于是1，给月度最佳销售拍照并挂在墙上。2场标题：creategrou例子：TheprofessoruseswatchasanexampletoillustratethisconceptHesaidthatinthepast,watchesareseenasexpensiveandluxuryjewelryalwaysusegemsorexpensivemetaltomakewatchesandpeoplearewillingtopaybigmoneyonthem.Onecompanystartedtomakewatches,theyuseplasticinsteadofmetal,andtheymadetheirwatchesfunandpeoplewillpaylessmoneytogetawatchlikethatanditalsochangedthewaypeoplebuyit,insteadofjustbuyonewatchatime,peoplearemoretendtobuyseveralwatchesatimetheyare场标题：Youtoo定义：Whenyougiveotherpeoplesuggestionsoradvicestheywillthinkitiscompleyuselessandignoreyouwhenthesuggestionsoradvicesarenotinaccordancewiththeirs,despitethefactthatsuchsuggestionsoradvicesmaybeveryusefulobjectively.例子：Theprofessoruseshisbrother’sexampletoillustratethis.Hisbrotherrecentlytoldtheprofessorthathewaslackofenergy.Thethingishisbrotherwaseatingsugaryfoodjunkfood,inwantofvegetablesandnutritiousfood.Theprofessorsuggestedhisbrothereatvegetablesandkeephealthyandbalanceddietwhichisscientificallyprovedtobeagoodwaytoregainenergy.Buthisbrotherjustregardsthissuggestionasstupidandsillyoneandhewillneverchangehiseatinghabit,forhethinksthattheprofessorhimselfeatsjunkfoodalso.场标题：Floral例子：rocketflower是一种有很长的tube,而且sweetnectar的花。Hummingbird和bee同时会吃其nectar,因为前者有longbeak就会伸到tube里面同时会触碰到其pollen,并帮助花粉；而bee只能在花朵的底部咬开一个洞，并不会接触到pollen,因此只是享有了nectar,而没有帮助花粉。场标题：egocentricthinkinginthe场标题：Environmental 定义：在实施建筑项目（constructionprojects）company一个社会，发现如果修建购物中心则会破坏当地的湿地，场种昆虫完全不同的地方，它们都进化出了large,stickytongues以帮助它们获取这种昆虫作为食物。场标题：Bet就把部分延迟ayearormore再发芽。例子：西部的沙漠中，有一种植物叫peppergrass,如果生出种子的那一年没有雨，一部分就会随风飘落，然后sprout一部分,dryout场标题：CyclicPopulation3场标题：generalizationof场标题：Autogenic定义：OnechangebroughtbyaneworganismtoreplaceoldoneinanpinetreeoaktreeEcosystem常干爽，温暖，很适合pinetree生长。渐渐地，pinetree了一pinetreeforestpineneedle场(A)positiveinfluence场标题：consistency定义：Whenpeoplearenotawarethattheiropinion例子：brotherTim,在highschool当老师，来了个新principal，场标题：Environment定义：Ourpowerfulsenseofsmellallowsustolthedifferencebetweenmanykindsofdoorsthesrsareinterpretedandprocessedinapartofthebrainthataffectsouremotions,behaviorandmemory.Giventhisknowledge,marketresearchersarestudyingtheeffectsofwhatisknownasenvironmentscenting,thistechniqueattemptstousepleasantfragrancetoattractcustomersales.Theresultsofthesemarketingstudiesindicatethatsmellscanstronglyinfluenceconsumersbothintheirwillingnesstobuyaproductandinthevaluetheyplaceonaproduct.场频1和2，内容都是关于一个男的参加知识竞赛进行答题1中男的回答完全正确。2中他也回答正确，但是途中喝了杯场标题：signal定义：Animalswillsendthesamemessagewithdifferentofsignalstoinformtheotheranimasofthesame例子：Theprofessorgivesanexampleinclass.Agroupofdeersometimesgrazetogetherandsometimesoneofthedeerwouldgooffandeatonitsown.Whenthisdeerseesapredatorlikealionapproaching,itwillraiseitstailstoinformtherestofthedeertorunawayfromthearea.ButsometimestheotherdeercannotseethesignalSothisparticulardeerwillalsodumpitsfootonthegroundtomakesomenoise.Whenotherdeerhearthenoise,theywillrunaway.场标题：passiveterritorial例子：中教授以大熊猫为例，大熊猫会在吃竹子的时候抬起前掌场标题定义：Inthelecture,theprofessorintroducestheconceptofgeneralizingwhichmeanschildrenareabletorealizethataworddoesn'tonlymeanaspecificobjectbutalsoothermeansotherobjectsofthesamecategoryastheygrowup.例子:Heoffersusanexampleofhisownson.Whenhewasmuchyounger,helearntthewordtrainathisunderstandingofthiswordwasprettylimited,hethoughtitonlyreferredtohistoytrain.Butashegrewup,itcametohisunderstandingthattheword'train'notonlyreferstohistoytrainbutalsootherrealtrainsinlife.That'showtheprofessorusestheexamplehissontoillustratetheconceptof场20150807NA标题：Founder例子:澳大利亚的小雏菊在大陆的很大，当一小群漂洋过海到场标题：customerlock-A使价格更贵，质量也不及B好。场标题：frustrationmadandfrustrated例子:举例讲家长怎么帮助孩子提高这一能力，孩子成长过程中一遇frustrationtolerance。教授举了自己儿子的例子：他给儿子买了积木，不一会儿，儿子搭积木遇到就哭了，askforhelp,场20140329NA标题：Concept定义：Amarketingtechniquecompanyusetofindoutifcustomerlikesanewproductidea.Twobenefits:togaininformation;usefeedbackstoimprovetheproduct.例子:Abicyclecompanyintroducedafoldingbike.Marketingpeopletalktoagroupofconsumers.Informationgathering:consumerslikethefoldingback.Newfeedback:wantstoanattachedlock.Andthecompanyadaptedtheproductthebikesells场20140405NA标题：Compound定义：Twospecieslivetogether,whicharedifferentenoughtocompeteforExampleofAntsinAfricaThebiggerantcollectsfood,andthesmalleroneeatstheleftoverscrambles.Forthesmallerone,itdoesn'tneedtosearchforfood.Forthebiggerone,thesmalleronemakesthenestcleanbyeatingtheleftoverfood,whichpreventsbacteria.场20140608NA要一起呢，因为在dryopengrass上有很的敌人，有狮子什么场20140620NA场20140913NA标题：biologicalcheckhealthof场20141121NA标题：ImageIB例子:教授说科学家做实验，一群人看厨房桌子的图，图上有别的东场20141212NA标题：priority定义：Animalspecies,whensettlingoncertainterritory,makestheterritorylesshabitableforlaterspecies.Thisisesp.prevailingforsmallandweakspecies.例子:Forexample,thereisatypeofsmallantsthatnetonankashatrees.Asthegroupofsettlersontothetree,theydestroypartoftree’snectarsandrenderitunabletoproducenectarsanymore.Thisisbecauseanothertypeofbiggerants,whichfeedonthisnectarandaremoreaggressivethansmallerants,willnolongercometothistreeforoccupation.Throughthissmallants场标题：stimulusLecturenorthrussia5000northrussiasouthrussianorthrussianorthrussia场20130531NA标题：Negative场20130713NA标题：natural例子:教授给了个例子，教授5岁的女儿经常把玩具放在后院，平常场20130927NA标题：Facial定义：Webelievethatouremotioncausesourfacialexpression.Butitisnottrue.ItisourfacialexpressiondetermineshowweTheprofessorgivesanexampleofanexperimentHegivesoutthesamemathproblemtotwogroupsofstudents.EverythingisthesameexceptoneHeasksstudentsinGroupAtosintheexperiment,andasksstudentsinGroupBtopresentfrownandotherunhappyfacesintheexperimentAsaresult,studentsingroupAsaytheyenjoythemath,whilestudentsingroupBsaytheyaretortured.场20131116NA标题：compromisingoptionsandchoosetomakemediumchoiceswhentheyshop.Thecompaniessometimesdevelopmoreexpensiveproductwithbetterqualitytostimulatepeopletopurchasetheexistedproduct.Acoffeemakercompanyproducedakindofcoffeemakerwithlowendqualityandanotherwithaveragequalityandmostofthecustomerschoosetobuythecheaperkind.Thenahighqualitythatismoreexpensive,andafterthat,morecustomershavestartedshiftingtobuyingtheaveragekindcoffee场20131214NA标题：2kindsofanimal定义：Animalsgrouphavetwokinds:closed(don'tacceptothers)andpermeable( ingtheothers).Permeablegroupisbetterbecausenewmembersbringnewknowledge.例子:Chimpanzeeisagoodexample,theyleavehomesincetheygrowup,joinintoanewgroup.AndallarefriendlyeasytoliveBringnewknowledgedifferentchimpanzeeliveindifferentplacebefore.OnechimpanzeeperhapsusesstickstogeteggsfromnestOtherswatchinghimwhileheisngthis,andlearnthat场20131220NA标题：virtuewith定义：Peoplemaythinkpeoplebetterthantheyreallyareinrealityiftheyassociatedwithsomethingotherspreferor例子:Theprofessordescribesanexampleofelectionofmayorinhishometown.Beforetheelection,hewassobusytoreadanyarticles,listentoanyspeechesorsomethingrelatedtoprovidethebackgroundinformation.However,therewasonecandidateformafamoussmalltown,whoisgoodatbusinessandorganizecommunity.What'smore,thisJonash‘smotherwasmayor20yearsago.Therefore,hethoughtthismanhasabilitytohandlethispositionandothersvotedtohimtoo.However,itturnedouttobethathewasn'tabletoworkonthismayorpositionbecausehedidn'tbringanybusinesstothecityaftertheelection.场标题：social场标题：stopover有两个好处。第一个是有很多食物、insects可以吃，第二个是有水，可以躲避大鸟，因为大鸟要吃他们。这样小鸟就可以eatinsectsand场标题：information例子:去一个新城市，带了guidebook，有介绍餐馆，一个意大利，他们也是informationcancade。场标题：Evolutionin定义：Animalsandplantsadapttonewchanged例子:Mintplantsusedtogrowingrassyfieldandwoodsgrewtallandfaster,latersomehousesowners’plantmintplantsintheyard.Theycutthemintoshort,quickly,allmintplantseshortandhardlybeingcut,instead,theygrowsidewaye场定义：benefitotheranimals，butreducethechanceof例子:一种加州的动物松鼠，它的主要敌人是mountainlion.member在附近的时候。场例子:教授举了一个例子：公司有职员感觉工作压力大,然后给他们一场标题：imagebear场标题定义：Thewaypeopleinterpretsomethingthattheyseedependsonwhattheirexperiencehaspreviouslyhad. canbe thoughtsand例子:Twowomenholddifferentviewsaboutamanwritingonhispadonthebus.Onewomanmethercollegeclassmatesonthebusandtheyrecalledthememoriesintheircollegelife.Shethoughtthemanwhoiswritingonthebusisastudentwhoisnghis .Theotherwomanwhoisreadingapoetryonthebusthinksthemaniswritinga场20110319NA标题：friendtobeamemberofacertaingroup.商makebyusingpeople’saffiliation有两种方法：一是利用其positive二是利用其negative方法，如果用别的brand产品就会失去例子:为一个软饮料公司策划一个adn，可有两种方案：第案：在一个happyparty里，everybodydrinkthekindof新brand的soda，都很happy。Thesoda importantthinginthissituation。第二种方案：someyoungpeoplearewatchingafootballgameinastadium，突然oneofthemdrinkawrongbrandofsoda，thenallthepeople quiteand用奇怪的眼神lookathim，andleavehimalone，evenhisbestfriendlefthim。Thenherealizedhemadeabigmistaketodrinkthewrongkindsoda。这是从negative入手让观众喜欢这个牌子的soda。问教授是怎么说明readingpassage中的观点的。场20110415NA标题：的批新来到工厂，里面没有使用说明，不像以前机都是有使用说明的。他虽然觉得奇怪，但是觉得不是他得工作，就没管。场20110610NA标题：Distraction定义：Intheworldofanimals,someanimalsconfrontandagainstAkindofdovealwayslikestobuildthenestontheground.It'seasytohartWhenthefoxcomes,onedovealwaystobehurt,andcannotfly(luring).Sothesmalldovewill场20110821NA标题：advertise例子:一个牛奶公司想推销它的牛奶，们一般在超市买牛司就花钱雇了个医生在上说这牛奶啥营养都有，瞬间吸引了这场20111008NA标题：Taskleafcuttingant场20111029NA标题：contrast例子:教授举了自己的例子，自己年轻的时候去找房子，一开始看了很多烂房子smallandcrap，很受不了。突然看到了一个还可以的biggerandseemsnicer.看起来也没有那么nice.他还是应该更耐心一点去找的场20111105NA标题：circadium定义：有两个要点。一个是没人都会有自己的alerttime和例子:那个lecture里面教授就举了2个例子。首先说在大学的时候场标题：fault例子:配季节的雌虫的会一种化学物质散发气味来吸引雄性，它们的天敌蜘蛛，能学会一样味道的化学物质，当雄虫来的时候场例子:一个博物馆有3part场标题：experience例子:一般商家会提供免费样品给客户试试，教授的例子是他买教学DVDDVD后来都有人场标题：Social定义：Babiescangraduallyunderstandnewenvironmentslearntorespondto例子:对照组实验：实验1、6-monthbabieshadnoresponsetotheirmothers'facialexpressions。Theyplayednewtoydollsimmediayregardlessofwhethertheirmomssdorfrowned,becausetheyaretooyoungtounderstandandrespondtheenvironment2、1-yearbabieshadresponsetotheirmothers'facialexpressions。Theyplayednewtoydollsimmediayiftheirmomssdoravoidednewtoydollsiftheirmomsfrowned。场20100213NA场20100710NA标题：place例子:professor举了一个海滩的例子。这个海滩有bicyclepath别场20100723NA标题：demand定义：Twostrategiesofdemandshiftreducethepeak-demanding;increasethepoor-peak例子:教授举例说他的一个在洛杉矶的朋友开了一家餐馆，这个餐馆7-9create场场标题：Assimilation 定义：Whenchildrenlearnnewobject,iftheobjectsfitintheconcepttheyknew,theywillfillitinthatcategory,thisis例子：Theprofessor'sdaughter,Jenny,alwayswatchesbirdsthroughwindows.Whenshesawabird dshout:“bird!bird!”sinceithaswingsandfeathersanditcanfly.Later,whentheprofessortookJennytothezooandsawostrich,shedidnotknowitwasabird.Theprofessoraskedher:“whatisit?”Shehesitatedtosay:“itisabird".教授女儿很小，当看见有鸟飞的时候，让小孩说bird，在脑子TASK场优点1：无优点2：无。缺点场优点1：无缺点优点2：介绍会可以照常进行。缺点2：但是必须跳过介绍会结束后的解答部分，因为他可能应付不场优点1：满足了新家的空间要求；缺点2：旧家具售价太便宜，买新的也比较贵，不划算。场问题：儿隔壁有人在下午playviolin,制造很大噪音，影响她学解决方案1：去馆学习优点1：安静不吵缺点1：但是去馆很远，她也不想每天带那么重的书和电脑去图优点2：也不吵carefullycontrolherexpenditure。场 问题：的computerbrokendown，但是是期末，非常需要电1computershop缺点1：浪费钱，这钱可以省下来买新电脑解决方案2：借roommate的电脑2：roommate愿意2paperworkoutthe场优点1：增加工作经验解决方法场问题：Thestudentisnotabletoworkincampuscafébutsheneedsomemoneyduringthesummervacation.1：Thestudentcouldtrytoworkforextrahourstomakesummermoney.1：Hown.缺点2：Goingtotowntoworkcouldtakehersomuchtime.Plus,thebusscheduleislimited.Shecouldendupwaitingquitelateforthebustocome.场问题：Thestudentlefthisglassesathisparent’shomeSohecan’treadwithouttheglasses.himtheglasses.1：Hehasalottoread,withoutglasses,hecouldnotreadforlongtime,thisisverybad.2：Thestudentcouldalsotakeabushometogettheglassesandreturn.2：ittakescoupleofhourstogoand场优点1解决了就近停车问题优点2：比较便宜，不要停车费缺点场（下午）解决方案1：把该文学课程安排到早上1缺点1：早上能选的文学课程是关于的研究。如果选择了该解决方案2：把该问学生称安排到晚上2场hikingclub的hikingpaperwork做。1：呼吸新鲜空气，锻炼身体，增长见识缺点1：club的活动比较正式，时间不灵活2paperclub活动优点2：学业更重要，要活得分数。场解决方案1：参加课程解决方案2：在本学校参与线下课程优点缺点2：影响做的时间，儿需要dopart-timejob挣钱场andthenwriteanessayontheprocessofstartingbusinessbuttheinterviewerwhoagreedtodotheinterviewasalastminutebusinessmeetingthathehastogooutofthetownforthe1：Themansuggestedthatshedotheinterviewnext1：Shecouldstilldoanokayjob,maybenotagreatone.becauseitisduenextweek.2：Professorofferalistofbusinessownersforstudent,shecanfindsomeoneelsetointerview.2：Shecouldeasilyfindabusiness2：Sheisinterestedinhealthyfoodindustries,shewassupposedtointerviewownsahealthy-foodmagazine,nowshehastofindpeopleworkinginotherfields.场问题：Jenny缺点1：压力会比较大。来回走比较费时，晚上还有作业。缺点2：会让姐姐失望场问题：thegirlhasatime ionbetweenhertutoringprogramandherhistoryclassthissemester1：changeherhistoryclasstonext1：cancontinuehertutoring1：nextsemesterthehistoryclasswillchangefromtomodern,whichshe’snotinterested2：askherclassmatesfrommathclasstohelpher2：shecantakehistoryclassesthis2：shecannotkeeptutoringkidsmath场musichallfreeperformanceannouncement息，但是他missedthedeadlineofthecampusnewspapertosubmittheannouncement。优点1：/缺点优点2：/缺点场优点1：/解决方案2：去馆优点2：/缺点2：但馆假期每天只开放一段时间，剩下的时间不知道怎么场解决方案1：开男生的车子缺点优点2：/缺点场缺点1：/优点2：/缺点场backhurting,解决方案1：买医生建议的椅子。缺点1：/优点2：很便宜，这个男生坐了也比较舒服。缺点2：/场解决方案1：一是可以去朋友家做饭1：weirdand优点2：不用自己买菜、也不贵。缺点场问题：Thewomanwantstotaketheguitarlessonbuttheguitarlessongotcanceledbecausetherewasnotmuchpeoplesigningupforitthissemester.1：Herprofessorofferedthesolutioninwhichshecanseekforaprofessoratschoolforprivaessons.1：Theywillmeetuponceaweek,shecanbecommittedtoseverallessonsaltogetheruntilshecanplayver