考研考博-英语-广东省外语艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东省外语艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwriting,anddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsandatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionsforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededisamorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatarechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.

Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat（）.

3.Amethodofparent-teachercommunicationNotmentionedorreferredtobytheauthoris（）.

4.Itismostreasonabletoinferthattheauthorisa(n)（）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostapproveofwhichofthefollowingparentalactivitiestoassistinthelearningofcompositionandwritingskills?

问题1选项

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents.

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool.

C.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives.

D.parentshavearesponsibilitytohelpstudentstodotheirhomework.

问题2选项

A.parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic.

B.thereisnotsufficientindividualinstructionintheclassroom.

C.principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents.

D.aparent’smisguidedeffortscanberedirectedtoproperchannels.

问题3选项

A.demonstrationlesson

B.informalteas

C.classesforparents

D.newprogressreportforms

问题4选项

A.professorofeducation

B.collegeteacher

C.elementary-schoolteacher

D.parent

问题5选项

A.onehourofsupervisedwritingexercisesnightly.

B.encouragingthechildtowriteletterstorelatives.

C.reviewingallthechild’swrittenschool-work.

D.givingthechildmoneyforgoodgradesonwrittenwork.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.”，可知不管我们认为学校生活有多重要，孩子们呆在家里的时间比呆在教室里的时间多这一事实是不容否认的。因此，父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视。们可以成为学校工作人员的盟友，也可以有意无意地阻碍课程目标。可判断出老师和家长之间是合作的关系，并且能够共同对学校的教育安排构成影响，所以教师可以也应该帮助家长理解和推进学校的目标。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章倒数第二段，“asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatarechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.”，可知教师作为一名专业顾问，在父母的头脑中植入更多的方法，以便最好地利用孩子在课堂之外的时间。上文也通过多个例子说明了老师可以引导家长更好的发挥他们的辅导作用，合力促进学生的全面发展。可推断出父母错误的努力可以在老师的指导下，转向正确的方向。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段，“Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshops”，选项C可排除；根据文章第三段，“newwaysofreportingpupils’progress”，选项D可排除；根据文章第二段，“Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.”，选项B可排除。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。文章主要提到了学校可以辅导家长，使家长了解学校的教学方法和教学计划，然后促进学校教学目标的实现。家长也是教育不可忽视的一环，只有学校和家长共同努力才能促进青少年的全面发展。可知文章主要提到的是教育学的内容，可推断出作者最有可能是一位教育学教授。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第四段，“HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.”，可知如果一名家长想提高孩子的算术能力，他可能会被说服让孩子参与讨论家庭预算、购买食物、在家里使用码尺或量杯、设置时钟、计算旅行里程，以及从事许多其他有数学基础的活动。可判断出作者赞同通过将知识运用到生活中来提高某种能力。所以要想提高孩子的写作技能，鼓励孩子给亲戚写信是作者最赞成的方式。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Researchshowsthatthereisno（）relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.subsequent

C.significant

D.sincere

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的”；B选项subsequent“随后的”；C选项significant“有意义的”；D选项sincere“真诚的”。句意：研究表明，一个人赚多少钱和他是否对生活感觉良好之间没有明显的关系。本句表示有意义的关系，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Ofrecentinventions,itisperhapsthemotorcarwhichhas

ourlivesmorethananythingelse.

问题1选项

A.transformed

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transplanted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transformed“转变”；transmitted“传输”；transferred“转移”；transplanted“移植”。句意：在最近的发明中，也许汽车比其他任何东西都更能改变我们的生活。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

ThespectacularauroralightdisplaysthatappearintheEarth'satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagneticpoleswereoncemysteriousphenomena.Now,scientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisanimmenseelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.

Tounderstandthecauseofauroras,firstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere,ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarthmagneticfield.Outsidethemagnetosphere,blastingtowardtheEarthisthesolarwind,aswiftlymovingplasmaofionizedgaseswithitsownmagneticfield.Chargedparticlesinthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind'smagneticlinesofforcewithaspiralingmotion.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.Butinthepolarregions,themagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindbunchtogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfield.TheythenspiralbackandforthbetweentheEarth'smagneticpolesveryrapidly.Inthepolarregions,electronsfromthesolarwindionizeandexcitetheatomsandmoleculesoftheupperatmosphere,causingthemtoemitauroraradiationofvisiblelight.

Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsemittingthem.Thedominantgreenishwhitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandemitacrimsonlight.Excitednitrogenatomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfromblueviolet.Viewedfromouterspace,aurorascanbeseenasdimlyglowingbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflaresthatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareveryintense,auroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.Studiesofaurorahavegivenphysicistsnewinformationaboutthebehaviorofplasmas,whichhashelpedtoexplainthenatureofouterspaceandisbeingappliedinattemptstoharnessenergyfromthefusionofatoms.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutscientists'understandingofaurorasistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatservesastheEarth’smeansofprotectionagainstthesolarwinds?

3.Whydoaurorasshowdifferentcolors?

4.What'sthesubjectmatterofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Scientistshavelongbeenabletoexplainthecausesofauroras'variouscolors.

B.Newknowledgeaboutthefusionofatomenabledscientiststolearnmoreaboutauroras.

C.Beforeadvancesintechnology,scientistsknewlittleaboutauroras.

D.Littlewillbeknownaboutaurorasuntilscientistshavelearnedmoreaboutplasmaphysics.

问题2选项

A.Themagnetosphere.

B.Theplasmaofionizedgases.

C.Themagneticlinesofforceofthesolarwind.

D.ThemagneticpolesoftheEarth.

问题3选项

A.Becauseaurorascomefromexcitationsofallkindsofatomsandhanglikecurtainsoflightoverthepolarregions.

B.Becausetheoxygenandnitrogenatomsundergoloworhighenergyexcitationandgivelightsofvariouscolors.

C.Becausethemagneticstormsarenotstablewhiletheauroraactivitiesareveryintense.

D.Becausethedominantgreenishwhitelightitselfcontainslightsofsevencolors.

问题4选项

A.Themethodsofobservingaurorasfromsatellites.

B.TheformationandcolorsofaurorasabovetheEarth’spoles.

C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsofauroras.

D.TheinfluenceofaurorasontheEarth.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。本题询问下列关于科学家对极光的理解哪一项是正确的。根据原文“Now,scientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisanimmenseelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.现在，科学家们从卫星和地面观测中获得数据，从中我们知道极光的光辉是一种巨大的放电现象，类似于霓虹灯中的放电现象。”因此可推知C选项‘在技术进步之前科学家对极光的了解非常少’正确。

2.细节事实题。本题询问哪一项是地球抵御太阳风的防护措施。根据原文“TheEarth'smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.地球的磁层是太阳风的屏障，迫使太阳风的带电粒子绕着磁层流动。”确定A选项‘磁气圈’正确。

3.推理判断题。本题询问极光能够发出不同的颜色的原因。根据原文“Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsemittingthem.极光的颜色取决于发出极光的原子。”可知A选项“因为极光来自各种不同种类原子的刺激，并且像光帘一样悬挂在极地地区”正确。

4.主旨大意题。通篇全文可知，文章第二段首先分析了极光的形成的原因，然后第三段分析了极光发出的不同颜色的原因。所以B选项“在地球的两极地带的极光的形成和颜色”正确。

5.单选题

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

问题1选项

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她觉得受到侮辱后，企图劝她留下来是徒劳的。

考查短语辨析。innoway决不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss亏本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail无效;不起作用；徒劳的。根据前半句句意“在她觉得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

6.单选题

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationshirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentofbuildingsarefitfortheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseeteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthesituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallandstandardclasses,chairs,desksandtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclassesparticularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementofclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehallsitispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate——allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesamescat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

1.Deskanangementinatraditionalclassroomisassociatedwiththeideathat（

）.

2.Theexpression"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears"(inParagraph2)isintendedtoconvey

theideathat（

）.

3.Theprimarypurposeofdeskarrangementis（

）.

4.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroupmightbethat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.studentsshouldnotbeactivelearnersintheclassroom

B.itisuselessforstudentstoparticipateinclassactivity

C.theteacheristhechiefknowledgesource

D.itisimportantforstudentstoseetheblackboardclearly

问题2选项

A.collegeclassroomsoftenremindyouofyourcollegelife

B.criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago

C.ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent

D.thereisnotmuchchangeinthecollegeeducationalideasoverthepasthundredyears

问题3选项

A.fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups

B.tomakeitpossibleforthestudentstointeractwitheachother

C.fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink

D.togivestudentsopportunitiestopracticespeaking

问题4选项

A.theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat

B.learningismadecomfortableinthisway

C.theteachercaneasilyrememberthestudents'namesandfaces

D.brighterstudentscanhelptheslowerones

问题5选项

A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.Manycompaniesaretryingtoimprovetheworkingsettingsfortheiremployees.

C.Interactionbetweenstudentsisessentialinthetrainingofcriticalthinking.

D.Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher(这种安排下的假设是很明显的：所有重要信息都来自于老师)。故选C“老师是知识的主要来源”。

2.判断推理题。根据"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”定位至第二段:Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears(我们己经进入21世纪，但是踏入任何大学教室，你都会感觉至少回到100年之前),也就是大学教室和以前相比都没有多大改变。故选D“100年来，大学教育的想法都没有太多改变”。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段中“Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse(主要目的是让每个人都能见到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother(将班级分成小团队，可以为学生提供更多的交流机会)”可知B项“使学生能够相互交流”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces(:我同事允许学生在前两周的时候移动座位，直到他们发现相处融洽的团体。之后他便要求他们和同样的团队呆在同样的位置上。这不仅能创造舒适的相互交流的环境，而且能帮助他熟悉学生的名字和面孔),因此B项“这样能创造舒适的学习交流环境”正确。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是下列哪个选项不正确。文章谈论的是教室中桌椅的位置排放或者说是教室空间的恰当安排，因此A项“应该制作新类型的桌椅”不符合原文所述。

7.单选题

Costumejewelryisverypopularbecause____allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles.

问题1选项

A.ofitslowprice

B.itslowprice

C.thepriceislow

D.thepriceisbeinglow

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ofitslowprice价格便宜B.itslowprice它低廉的价格

C.thepriceislow价格便宜D.thepriceisbeinglow价格便宜

【答案】B

【考查点】主谓搭配

【解题思路】根据选项推测，原句语义为“用于装饰的珠宝很受欢迎，因为（because）它的价格便宜，可以有各种各样的款式（allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles）”。根据原文，空格之前为引导原因状语从句的关系词because，空格之后为从句的谓语动词allowsfor，所以，空格处所填的内容应为从句的主语，四个选项中只有B选项itslowprice“它低廉的价格”可以充当主语，符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项ofitslowprice，不能充当主语不符合要求，虽然becauseofitslowprice可以做主句Costumejewelryisverypopular的原因状语，但是与后文的动宾结构allowsforagreatvarietyofstyles不搭；

C选项thepriceislow，是一个完整的句子，可以直接跟because做原因状语从句，但是与后文的动宾短语搭配不当；如果做主语从句的话，缺少从句引导词；

D选项thepriceisbeinglow，时态和搭配都不符合原句。

【句意】用于装饰的珠宝很受欢迎，因为它的价格低廉，可以有各种各样的款式。

8.翻译题

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。

在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。

有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。

但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。

人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性-创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。

9.写作题

ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970and1990.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegraphandgivingpossiblereasonsforthechangeofthemodes.

【答案】略

10.单选题

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.

问题1选项

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项seemeat没有这个结构，B项setsb.off“使某人开始做某事”，C项sendsb.to“把某人送到某地”，D项showsb.tothedoor“把某人送到门口”。结合句子的意思可知D项符合语境。句意：当我向她说再见时，她把我送到门口。因此，该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

Thewalkersinfrontcrossedtheledgeeasily,seemingly（）ofthefactthattherewasa3000-footdroponeitherside.

问题1选项

A.pretentious

B.remindful

C.attentive

D.oblivious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。pretentious“炫耀的，做作的”;remindful“提醒的，留意的”；attentive“注意的，体贴的”；oblivious“遗忘的；不注意的”。前半句的句意是：前面的人轻松地跨过了岩架，与后文“岩架两侧深达3000英尺”形成对比，可推测空格处是要表达“好像没有注意到……”，选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

问题1选项

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。

13.单选题

Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting（）.

问题1选项

A.apparatus

B.appliance

C.gauge

D.implement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项apparatus“装置；设备”；B选项appliance“器具；器械”；C选项gauge“计量器；容量规格”；D选项implement“工具；器具”。句意：这个健身房有各种举重……。apparatus一般可用为所有设备的总称。appliance侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器。implement原指史前人类所用的工具，现在多指农用工具，也可指为实现某个任务所需的工具或器具。地点是健身房，关键信息variouspiecesof“各种类型的”，在句中缺少对举重设备的一个总的概括。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Every___hasbeentakentoevacuatethestrandedsailorsfromHurricaneBetty.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.measure

C.pressure

D.leisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pleasure“快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事”；B选项measure“测量；措施；程度；尺寸”；C选项pressure“压力；压迫，[物]压强”；D选项leisure“闲暇；空闲；安逸”。句意：已采取一切___疏散贝蒂飓风中搁浅的水手。本句表达“采取措施疏散水手”。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

InDisneylandeveryyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedto（

）signsaskinghis“guests”nottostepontherm.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putout

C.putup

D.putoff

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。putdown镇压，贬低；putout熄灭，打扰；putup提供，建造，张贴；putoff推迟，阻止。

句意：在迪斯尼乐园，每年大约有80万个植物被替换，因为迪斯尼拒绝张贴告示要求游客不要踩到植物。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Thedoctorinformedhispatientthatthedrugwasvery（）andcanhaveunpleasantside-effects.

问题1选项

A.potent

B.efficient

C.intricate

D.fragile

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。potent"（药等）有效力的,有说服力的";efficient"有能力的,效率高的",一般指办事效率;intricate"错综复杂的";fragile"易碎的,脆弱的"。句意：医生告诉他的病人这种药的药效很强，而且可能有副作用。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsasChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Theauctioneermustknowfairlyaccuratelythecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoodsheissellingandheshouldbeacquaintedwithregularbuyersofsuchgoods.Hewillnotwastetimebystaringthebiddingtoolow.Hewillalsoplayontherivalriesamonghisbuyersandsucceedingettingahighpricebyencouragingtwobusinesscompetitorstobidagainsteachother.Itislargelyonhisadvicethatasellerwillfixa“reserve”pricethatisapricebelowwhichthegoodscannotbesold.Eventhebestauctioneers,however,finditdifficulttostopa“knockout”,wherebydealersillegallyarrangebeforehandnottobidagainsteachotherbutnominateoneofthemselvesastheonlybidderinthehopeofbuyinggoodsalatextremelylowprices.Ifsucha“knock-out”comesoff,therealauctionsalelakesplaceprivatelyafterwardsamongthedealers.

1.Acandleusedtobumalatauctionsales________.

2.Anauctioncataloguegivesprospectivebuyers________.

3.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“lots”outoforderbecause________.

4.Anauctioneerlikestogethighpricesforthegoodshesellsbecause________.

5.A“knockout”isarranged________.

问题1选项

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

问题2选项

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.detailsofthegoodstobesold

C.theorderinwhichgoodsmustbesold

D.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

问题3选项

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

问题4选项

A.thenheearnsmorehimself

B.thedealersarepleased

C.theauction-roomsbecomeworldfamous

D.itkeepsthecustomersinterested

问题5选项

A.tokeepthepriceintheauctionroomlow

B.toallowonedealeronlytomakeaprofit

C.toincreasetheauctioneer’sprofit

D.tohelptheauctioneer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.（在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品通常是“借着蜡烛”出售的：拍卖师点燃一支短蜡烛，然后在蜡烛点着的时候出价。），由此可知点蜡烛是为了限制出价时间，所以D选项“限制提出报价的时间”正确。A选项“因为拍卖在晚上进行”和B选项“作为人群聚集的信号”以及C选项“让拍卖师保持温暖”文章都没有提及，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilhenoticesthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.（如果广告不能给出全部细节，则会打印商品目录，每一组要一起出售的商品通常会给出一个编号，称为“批次”。拍卖人不必从第一批拍品开始，按数字顺序进行拍卖；他可能会等到他知道某些商人在拍卖厅后，展示商人可能感兴趣的批次。），由此可知商品目录是为了告诉潜在买家商品拍卖的顺序，所以C选项“拍卖商品的顺序”正确。A选项“货物的当前市场价值”和D选项“拍卖会免费入场”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“待出售货物的详细信息”对应第四段第一句“拍卖通常是事先发布广告，详细说明要出售的物品以及买家可以在何时何地看到这些物品”，由此可知待出售商品的详细信息并不出现在目录上，而是出现在广告上，属于张冠李戴。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段第三句TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;h