考研考博-英语-广东舞蹈戏剧职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东舞蹈戏剧职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

问题1选项

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fulfillment“履行，实行，满足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“创新”；illumination“阐明”。句意：成功后他获得了一种满足感。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Asocietyis______onlywhenthehumblestandweakestpersoncanenjoythehighestcivil,economic,andsocialrightsthattheprivilegedandmostpowerfulpossess.

问题1选项

A.conflicting

B.friendly

C.democratic

D.hostile

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conflicting“冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的”；B选项friendly“友好的；亲切的；支持的；融洽的，和睦的”；C选项democratic“民主的；民主政治的；大众的”；D选项hostile“敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：只有当最卑微和最弱小的人能够享有最高的公民、经济特权以及拥有和特权阶层和最有权势的人所拥有的社会权利时，一个社会才是民主的。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬”；insurance“津贴”；interest“兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。

4.翻译题

17世纪后期至18世纪末，是中国清代的鼎盛时期，史称“康乾盛世”。那个时期，中国的工业产量位居世界前列。但正是在这个时候，欧洲诸国先后开始了近代资产阶级革命和产业革命，社会生产力迅速发展，后来居上。而中国当时的政治者对这一历史性大变革却茫然无知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，视西方科学技术为“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的100多年，中国的发展大大落后了，国际地位急剧衰落，沦为半殖民地，备受外强欺辱。

中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民掌握了自己的命运，民族的独立和解放使中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。但在20世纪60、70年代世界经济蓬勃发展和新科技革命浪潮兴起的时代，中国搞了长达10年的“文化大革命”，错失了又一次发展良机。值得欣慰的是，从70年代末开始，我们纠正了过去的错误，选择了改革开放的正确道路，对内实行改革，对外实行开放，开放也是改革。改革开放使我们抓住了新的历史机遇，实现了近30年的高速发展，综合国力显著增强，人民生活得到很大改善，国际地位不断上升。

【答案】Inthelate17centurytotheendof18thCentury,ChineseQingDynastywasinitsheyday,knownastheGoldenAgeof“KangxiandQianlong”.Duringthisperiod,China’sindustrialproductionhasbeenattheforefrontontheworldstage.ButitwasatthistimethatEuropeancountriesbeganthemodernbourgeoisrevolutionandindustrialrevolution,whichrockettherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductivityinthewesternworld,leavingtherestoftheworldoutofsightbehind.However,Chinesepoliticiansatthattimewerecompletelyignorantofthishistoricchange,andstillindulgedinblindarrogance,regardingwesternscienceandtechnologyas“diabolictricksandwickedcraft”.Duringthepast100yearsfromthattimeonward,Chinafellfarbehindindevelopment,sufferedasharpdeclineinitsinternationalstatus,wasreducedtoasemi-colonyandsubjectedtobullyingandhumiliationfromforeignpowers.

SincethefundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,accompanyingwiththenationalindependenceandliberation,Chinesepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowndestiny.AllthishasbroughttremendouschangestoChina.However,inthe1960sand1970s,whentheworldeconomywasboomingandthenewwaveofscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionwasemerging,Chinaconductedthedecade-long“CulturalRevolution”andmissedanothergoodopportunityfordevelopment.Thegoodnewsisthatsincetheendof1970s,withtheimplementationofreformingdomesticallyandopening-uptotheworldwehavecorrectedthemistakesofthepast,directingthewholenationtotherightwayofreformandopening-up.Undertheguidanceofreformandopening-uppolicy,weseizedthenewhistoricalopportunitytopromotearapidsocialdevelopmentinthelast30years.Thispolicynotonlyheightenchina’scomprehensivepowersandpeople’slivingstandards,butalsothegrowinginternationalclout.

5.翻译题

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。

在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。

有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。

但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。

人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性-创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。

6.翻译题

21世纪是一个将我们联系在一起的网络时代。无论我们愿意与否,我们的社会生活与经济生活已密不可分。我们意识到先进的电子网络使我们能够跨越时空限制,利用以前难以想象的商机。这个网络世界己开辟了一个崭新的创新发展的天地,把我们带入一个前所未有的网络智能吋代。这个网络智能新时代表明,我们可以将自己的知识和创造力结合起来,取得经济增长和社会发展的新突破。

【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.

7.单选题

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.creativity

B.security

C.credibility

D.stability

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。creativity创造性；security安全性；credibility确实性；stability稳定性。

句意：与美国巨大的工作流动性相比，日本的工作稳定性高是有一些合理的解释的。根据下文的mobility可推测，两者形成对比，所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

问题1选项

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“与失去联系（或接触）”；getintouchwith“与联系”；keepintouchwith“与保持联系”；没有搭配loseourtouchwith，选项C排除。句意：由于我们所有的注意力都集中在我们的“大想法”上，所以我们开始很难接触到生活中其他重要的事情。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Ifyou（

）someone,youformafixedgeneralideaorimageofthemsothatyouassumethattheywillbehaveinaparticularway.

问题1选项

A.assimilate

B.simulate

C.stereotype

D.subordinate

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Assimilate“吸收，同化”；simulate“刺激”；stereotype“使成成规，使变得刻板”；subordinate“使从属，使服从”。句意：如果你用刻板的观点看别人，你脑海中就形成了他们的一个大题想法和形象，因此你就会认为他们的一言一行都是按照特定的方式来的。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Thecarshandlewellandhaveastrikingdesign,with“butterfly”doorsthat_______upandopen.

问题1选项

A.switch

B.sweep

C.swing

D.swell

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.switch（使）改变，转变B.sweep打扫，清扫

C.swing（使）摆动，摇摆D.swell（使）凸出，鼓出

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词butterfly，可知车门的设计就像蝴蝶一样，结合后面andopen，可知横线处指的是车门打开的方式，swing符合语境，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】这款车操作良好，设计引人注目，它的蝴蝶门可以向上摇，然后打开。

11.单选题

Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave（

）agriculturalproduction.

问题1选项

A.blundered

B.tangled

C.bewildered

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。blundered“做错；说错话”；tangled“使纠缠；处于混乱状态”；bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；hampered“阻碍，束缚”。句意：小农场和现代技术的缺乏阻碍了农业生产。联系前半句可知只有D项“阻碍”符合句意。答案D

12.单选题

Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.deficient

B.deceptive

C.defective

D.ineffective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指数量不足；B选项deceptive“欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的”；C选项defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指质量不佳；D选项ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，无效的”。句意：如果你总是打错电话，你的电话可能是无效的。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Thisoldmanhadtroubleexpressingtheattachmenthefeltwhenarrivingathisnativetown.

问题1选项

A.hospitality

B.affection

C.appeal

D.frustration

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。attachment表示“附件，依恋”；A项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B项affection“喜爱，感情”，C项appeal“呼吁，恳求”，D项frustration“挫折”。句意：这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。根据句意可知B项正确。

14.单选题

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice实行；takeintoaccount考虑；throwlighton照亮，阐明，使……显得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。

15.写作题

MeaningandCharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissanceThewordRenaissancemeans"rebirth."AnumberofpeoplewholivedinItalybetween1350and1550believedthattheyhadwitnessedarebirthofantiquityorGreco-Romancivilization,markinganewage.Tothem,thethousandorsoyearsbetweentheendoftheRomanEmpireandtheirownerawasamiddleperiod(hencethe"MiddleAges"),characterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.HistoriansofthenineteenthcenturylaterusedsimilarterminologytodescribethisperiodinItaly.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissanceinhiscelebratedCivilizationoftheRenaissancein-publishedin1860.HeportrayedItalyinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturiesasthebirthplaceofthemodernworld(theItalianswere"thefirstbornamongthesonsofmodernEurope")andsawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,"andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.BurckhardtexaggeratedtheindividualityandsecularismoftheRenaissanceandfailedtorecognizethedepthsofitsreligioussentiment;nevertheless,heestablishedtheframeworkforallmoderninterpretationsoftheRenaissance.AlthoughcontemporaryscholarsdonotbelievethattheRenaissancerepresentsasuddenordramaticculturalbreakwiththeMiddleAges,asBurckhardtargued—therewas.afterall,muchcontinuityineconomic,political,andsociallifebetweenthetwoperiods—theRenaissancecanstillbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistorythatmanifesteditselffirstinItalyandthenspreadtotherestofEurope.

RenaissanceItalywaslargelyanurbansociety.Asaresultofitscommercialpreeminenceandpoliticalevolution,northernItalybythemid-fourteenthcenturywasmostlyalandofindependentcitiesthatdominatedthecountrydistrictsaroundthem.Thesecity-statesbecamethecentersofItalianpolitical,economic,andsociallife.Withinthisnewurbansociety,asecularspiritemergedasincreasingwealthcreatednewpossibilitiesfortheenjoymentofworldlythings.

Aboveall,theRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."ItalyandEuropebeganaslowprocessofrecuperationfromtheeffectsoftheBlackDeath,politicaldisorder,andeconomicrecession.Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.Increasinglyawareoftheirownhistoricalpast,ItalianintellectualsbecameintenselyinterestedintheGreco-RomancultureoftheancientMediterraneanworld.Thisnewrevivalofclassicalantiquity(theMiddleAgeshadinfactpreservedmuchofancientLatinculture)affectedactivitiesasdiverseaspoliticsandartandledtonewattemptstoreconcilethepaganphilosophyoftheGreco-RomanworldwithChristianthought,aswellasnewwaysofviewinghumanbeings.

ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Asthefifteenth-centuryFlorentinearchitectLeonBattistaAlbertiexpressedit:"Mancandoallthingsiftheywill."Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalpersonwhowascapableofachievementsinmanyareasoflife.

ThesegeneralfeaturesoftheItalianRenaissancewerenotcharacteristicofallItaliansbutwereprimarilythepreserveofthewealthyupperclasses,whoconstitutedasmallpercentageofthetotalpopulation.TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople,especiallyinthecities,wheresomanyoftheintellectualandartisticaccomplishmentsoftheperiodweremostvisible.

【答案】TheRenaissancecanbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistory.TherearemanymeaningsandcharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissance.

TheRenaissanceinItalymarkedthearrivalofanewera.Andcharacterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissance.Hesawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.

TheRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalperson.

TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople.

16.单选题

Whatisherprognosis?

问题1选项

A.solution

B.symptom

C.problem

D.expectation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prognosis意为“(对病情的)预断，预测，展望”；solution意为“解决”；symptom意为“症状”；problem意为“问题”；expectation意为“预料，预期，期望”。

句意：她的预测是什么？

17.单选题

Youhavetohaveyourlibrarycardwithyouifyouwanttoborrowbooks,______?

问题1选项

A.haven’tyou

B.willyou

C.mustn’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查附加疑问句。附加疑问句，即反意疑问句，指在陈述句后面对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。这个句子的陈述部分用的动词是haveto，表示肯定，且是一个实义动词，所以反意疑问句应该使用助动词do的否定，D项符合。A选项存在的前提是前面的陈述句里用了助动词have，如：Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?但是这个句子里面的haveto是一个实意动词，A项错误。B项和C项同理，都需要陈述句里有will或must才正确。因此，该题选择D项。

18.单选题

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom（）neworderswithyou.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。

19.单选题

Thegovernmentwillprosecutethoseindividualswhounlawfullypossess（）material.

问题1选项

A.classified

B.bizarre

C.personal

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。classified“分类的；机密的”；bizarre“奇异的”；personal“个人的”；legitimate“合法的”；句意：政府将起诉那些非法占有……材料的个人。因此A选项符合题意。

20.单选题

TheAnti-JapaneseWar（）in1937.

问题1选项

A.washappened

B.brokeout

C.wasbroken

D.wasbrokenout

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。breakout和happen均属于不及物动词,

没有被动形式。所以只有选项B正确。

21.案例题

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes28-35onyourAnswerSheet.

T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

1.Fortheearliesttribestheconceptofsufficiencywasmoreimportantthantheconceptofquantity.

2.IndigenousTasmaniansusedonlyfourtermstoindicatenumbersofobjects.

3.Somepeopleswithsimplenumbersystemsusebodylanguagetopreventmisunderstandingofexpressionsofnumber.

4.Allcultureshavebeenabletoexpresslargenumbersclearly.

5.Theword“thousand”hasAnglo-Saxonorigins.

6.Ingeneral,peopleinseventh-centuryEuropehadpoorcountingability.

7.IntheTsimshianlanguage,thenumberforlongobjectsandcanoesisexpressedwiththesameword.

8.TheTsimshianlanguagecontainsbotholderandnewersystemsofcounting.

【答案】1.T

2.F

3.T

4.F

5.NG

6.T

7.F

8.T

【解析】1.根据文章第二段，“Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?”，可知我们的祖先很少使用实际的数字；相反，他们考虑的更多的是足够了吗?而不是有多少。可判断出在早期社会，充分性的概念比数量的概念更为重要。所以表述正确。

2.根据文章第三段，“TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;”，可知塔斯马尼亚的土著居民只用一、二和许多来计数，可判断出表述“塔斯马尼亚土著人只使用四个词来表示物体的数”是错误的。

3.根据文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在实际情况中，数字和单词往往伴随着手势，以帮助解决困惑。可判断出“一些拥有简单数字概念的人使用肢体语言来避免对数字表达的误解”“”表述正确。

4.根据文章第四段，“Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.”，可知有些文化缺乏处理大量数字的能力。可判断出表述错误。

5.根据文章第四段，“thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.”，可知teon这个词在盎格鲁撒克逊语中已经和tachund或hund互换了，所以100被表示为hundteontig，或者十乘以十。文中并没有提到千的表达，所以相关表述文章并没给出。

6.根据文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.”，可知七世纪欧洲的普通人对数字并不像我们今天这样熟悉。可判断出总的来说，七世纪的欧洲人的计算能力很差。表述正确。

7.根据文章第六段，“ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,…”，可知Tsimshian语言的记数系统包含7组不同的单词，根据被计数物品的类别来表示数字：用于计数扁平物体和动物、圆形物体和时间、人、长物体和树木、独木舟和度量等，可判断出对于长物和独木舟并不是用同一个数字表示的，表述错误。

8.根据文章第六段，“Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.”，可知最后一组似乎是后来的发展，而前六组则体现了一个更古老系统的痕迹。可判断出Tsimshian语言包含了旧的和新的计数系统。表述正确。

22.单选题

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

问题2选项

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

问题3选项

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

问题4选项

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreven