江西省南昌市高三英语试题

南昌高三第三次考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whichwordcandescribetheman?A.Grateful.B.Generous.C.Troublesome.2Whatdoesthemandotodealwiththeheat?A.Openawindow.B.Removehisjacket.C.Openadoor.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacapitalcity.B.Inalargetown.C.Inavillage.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployees.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.5.Whattimeofdayisit?A.Itisearlymorning.B.Itismidday.C.Itislateafternoon.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从感中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredidthespeakersgoyesterday?A.Theywenttoaparty.B.Theywenttoaconcert.C.Theywenttoarestaurant.7.Whycan’tthemanmeetthewoman’sfriendsthistime?A.Heisill.B.Heisshy.C.Heisbusy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Atwhattimedoesthemanhavetostartwork?A.4:30am.B.5:00am.C.5:30am.9.Whydoesthemanlikehisjobsomuch?A.Helikesgettingupearly.B.Helikesdealingwithcustomers.C.Helikestheworkingenvironment.10.Whatdoesthemandoassoonashegetshome?A.Hegoestoschool.B.Hepreparessomefood.C.Hegoesrighttosleep.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthemostimportanttothewoman?A.Thathercarlooksnice.B.Thathercarislessexpensive.C.Thathercarconsumeslessenergy.12.Whatdoesthemansayabouttheblackcar?A.It’sspeciallydesignedforwoman.B.Everyoneelseownsonenowadays.C.Itdoesn’tshowstainseasily.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Takesometimetothinkaboutit.B.Buythecarrightaway.C.Lookatothercars.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whyistheboysoupset?A.Hefailedonhistest.B.Heforgottostudyforhistest.C.Heforgotafewthingsonhistest.15.Howdoesthegirltrytomaketheboyfeelbetter?A.Shetellshimhertestscore.B.Shetakeshimtodinner.C.Shetriestomakehimlaugh.16.Whatpartofthetestdoestheboyfinddifficult?A.Themultiplechoicequestion.B.Namingcountries.C.Thediscussionquestions.17.Whatisthewoman’smainpoint?A.Nobodyisperfect.B.Anytestisimportant.C.Schoolisdifficult.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howwouldyoucreatealooserfitwiththeshoes?A.Youtouchthefrontlightontheshoes.B.Youpressthebackbuttonontheshoes.C.Youdraguponthe“L”or“R”inthephoneapp.19.Whichcolorindicatestheshoesarealmostoutofbattery?A.Orange.B.Red.C.Green.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toencouragepeopletodosports.B.TointroducethehistoryofNikeshoes.C.Topersuadepeopletobuythenewshoes.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AVacationDealsOnlineSunbridgevacationsBookingwithSunbridgegivesyoutheSunbridgeAdvantage.Thismeansonesimplepricecoverseverything.Unlikeotherwebsites,wedon’tfoolyouwithalowpriceforairfare,thensneak(偷偷地做)inchargesforhotel,rentalcars,andfooduntilyou’repayingmorethanyouwanted.Ourpriceisallinclusiveandcan’tbebeat!TheSunbridgeAdvantagealsoincludesourSunbridgeResortAmbassadors.Twoofourfriendly,helpfulstaffmemberswillmeetyouattheairportandtakeyoutoyourhotel.PuntaSencaResortPuntaSencaResortfeaturesoneofthefinestCaribbeanbeaches.Thefacilities(设施)includegardenareaswithquietrelaxationspaceandovertwomilesofpathsforwalkingandjogging.Thebeautyofthegardenspaceisimprovedbythousandsoftropicalflowers,nativesculptures,andthreespectacularfountains.PuntaSencaisoneofourmostfamily-friendlyattractions.OneoptionanyfamilyshouldconsiderisourFamilyPackage,inwhichuptotwochildrenundertenyearsoldstayandeatfree.Weknowyouloveyourfamily,butwealsoknowthatsometimesdifferentfamilymemberspreferdifferentactivities.WhileMomandDadarecaredforinourSpaandWellnessCenter,ourfriendlystaffcanhelpthekidsexploretheislandthroughavarietyofactivitiesincludinghorsebackriding,sailinglessons,andbiketrips.PuntaSencaalsofeaturesavarietyofrestaurantsofferingexcitingdiningexperiences.Wehaveasteakhouse,abakeryandcoffeeshop,ahome-styleItalianrestaurant,aseafoodrestaurantservingfresh-caughtfishfromlocalfishermen,andacasualbarandgrillfordiningonthebeach.GuestreviewSaraP.09/23/2019MyfamilyandIwenttoPuntaSencaforaweekanditwasfine.Butjustthat——fine.Ireallywasexpectingsomethingalittlemorespecial.Forexample,Iwasshockedtofindthedifferentrestaurantoptionsweren’tallopeneverynightoftheweek.Mostnights,onlytwoorthreeoftherestaurantswereopen.AndIreallywasunimpressedbythefood.1.WhatisthemainbenefitoftheSunbridgeAdvantage?A.Arelativelylowtotalprice. B.Asmallhotelcharge.C.Adiscountonfood. D.Alowairfare.2.Howdoestheresorthelpfamilieshavefun?A.Itprovidesspecialfoodforchildren.B.Ithasdifferentrecreationoptions.C.Ithasplaygroundequipment.D.Itoffersgrouptransportation.3.HowwouldSaraP.likelysummarizeherexperience?A.Delightful B.UnpleasantC.Rewarding D.Ordinary【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了度假预订的一个网站，网站的优势，度假村包含的活动和一位顾客的评价。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Ourpriceisallinclusiveandcan’tbebeat!”（我们的价格包含所有，并且是不能被打败的。）可知，theSunbridgeAdvantage主要的优势是价格。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“WhileMomandDadarecaredforinourSpaandWellnessCenter,ourfriendlystaffcanhelpthekidsexploretheislandthroughavarietyofactivitiesincludinghorsebackriding,sailinglessons,andbiketrips.”（当爸爸妈妈在我们的水疗和健康中心接受服务的同时，我们友好的工作人员可以通过各种活动帮助孩子们探索这个岛，包括骑马、航海课程和自行车旅行。）可知度假村提供各种各样的活动使一家人都玩的开心。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“itwasfine.Butjustthat——fine.Ireallywasexpectingsomethingalittlemorespecial.”（还不错，但就只是—一般好。我本来期待一些更特别的事。）可以推测出，SaraP.觉得在PuntaSenca的经历一般。故选D。【点睛】阅读理解中细节题是高频考题。细节理解题首先圈出题干中的关键词，再根据关键词定位到文章的某一段、某一句话。直接理解或者进行语意转化即可得出正确答案。如第一小题，题干中的关键词为“mainbenefitoftheSunbridgeAdvantage”，定位到文章第一段，找到关键句“Ourpriceisallinclusiveandcan’tbebeat!”，可知theSunbridgeAdvantage主要的优势是价格。BWhenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峡谷)inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope(斜坡)sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmsighedinrelief.“I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right？”viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.However,othersthinkhumaninterference(干涉)isunnatural.“Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse.”saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation.“Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis…Theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope.”hetoldtheBBC.SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,“Ifit'severapredator(捕食者)situation,nomatterhowgut­wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear.”“There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou.”WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.4.Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?A.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.B.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.5.Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?A.DavidAttenborough.B.WillLawson.C.PaulNicklen.D.KathrynShaw.6.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword“gut­wrenching”underlinedinParagraph6?A.Makingoneconfused.B.Makingoneheartbroken.C.Puttingoneindanger.D.Puttingoneinplace.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimalsB.ProtectAnimalsFromDyingOutC.HumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimalsD.HelpAnimalsinTroubleorNot【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.（当摄制人员看到一群企鹅掉进沟里，和它们的幼崽被困在一起时，他们非常焦虑。他们建了一个斜坡，好让少数企鹅能保全自己。）”和第三段的“Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm（这个情况引起了国际媒体的轰动。）”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“I’msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn’tbothering,right?”viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.可知，“我很高兴。我理解不直接采取行动，但伸出援助之手并不麻烦，对吧?”观众KathrynShaw在她的脸书上说。由此可推知，KathrynShaw对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选D。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文语境大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，结合下文的”youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou’rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear.”你不能干预。即使当你看到一只雄性北极熊吃小熊的时候。可知，果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。结合四个选项可知，此处用Makingoneheartbroken（心碎）最合句意。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。阅读文章，并结合第一段“Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?（当我们看到一个人陷入困境时，我们首先想到的是伸出援手。但是，如果我们看到一只动物陷入困境，同样的规则也适用吗？）和第二段“Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峡谷)inAntarctica.（这个问题是在一群企鹅从南极洲一个冰冷的峡谷获救后提出的。）可知，本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“是否帮助有困难的动物”。故选D。CMytwo­andfour­year­oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh­rankingpeople—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,“Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow.”Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatusbutthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour­year­oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.8.Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Seekchallengesallthetime.B.Admirehigh­rankingpeople.C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.9.Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?A.Itlookedlovely.B.Itbehavedsmartly.C.Itseemedpolite.D.Itwasrespected.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?A.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.B.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.C.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.11.Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们更喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples——butonlyifthosepeoplearen’thurtfultowardothers.(发表在《自然人类行为》杂志上的最新一项研究表明，我们似乎天生就更喜欢地位高的人——但是前提是这些人不伤害别人)”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.(因为受到他人的尊重是一种地位的标志，这表明，孩子们会偏爱那些地位更高的人——甚至在三岁之前)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子更喜欢那个被允许通过的木偶，是因为它代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.”和最后一句“Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，21个蹒跚学步的孩子中有18个会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，这甚至可能是人类与生俱来的偏好。由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行为。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，这个研究表明年幼的孩子欣赏那些表现出色同时为别人做好事的人。由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提醒他们要体谅他人。故选C项。【点睛】DHowdidwegetthealphabet?Itwasalongprocess,coveringthousandsofyears.ThefirstpeopletowritethingsdowncarvedsymbolsontorocksorshellsThesesymbolsrepresentedpeopleorthings.Thesepeoplewholivedalongtimeagohadsimpleliveswithsimpleneeds.Oneofthemostbasicneedswasfood.Beforetheintroductionofagriculture,peoplewerecalledHunter­Gatherersbecausetheyhuntedanimalsandgatherednutsandberriesforfood.Totelleachotherabouthowtohuntanimalsorwheretofindthem,thesepeopledrewoncavewallsoronanimalhides.Soon,peopleweregrowingtheirowncrops.Theywerealsousingasystemofsymbolstostandforpeople,placesandthings.ThebestancientexampleofthiswasfoundinEgypt,wherehieroglyphs(象形字)wereused.Thesepeoplebelievedinmanydifferentgods.Eachgodhaditsownsymbol.Symbolswerealsousedtostandforwater,buildings,food,andotherpartsoflife.Butthesepicturedrawingsandhieroglyphsrepresentedwholewords,notjustsounds.Howdidwegetanalphabet?RecentresearchsuggeststhattheideaofanalphabetwasfirstusedinEgyptabout1900BC.CivilizationsthattradedwithorfoughtagainstEgyptwereexposedtothisalphabet,andtheideaspread.TheancientGreeksadaptedthisalphabetandcreatedtheirown.TheancientRomanspolishedituptoastatealmostlikeourmodernalphabet.Theideaofstringingletterstogethertomakewordswasborn.YoucanseebylookingatlettersfromtheRomanalphabetthattheseletterssurvivealmostunchangedinourmodernEnglishalphabet.ThiswasthecaseintheWesternworld.Actually,asimilarthingalsohappenedintheEast.Youcanseemanyexamplesinsuchareas’languagedevelopment.12.WhydidHunter­Gatherersusedrawings?A.Toassisttheminsearchingforfood.B.Toputaseriesofsymbolsintoasystem.C.Towarntheircompanionstohidesafely.D.Torecordsomemethodsofgrowingcrops.13.Whatdoesthedevelopmentofthealphabetreflect?A.Thedifficultiesancientpeoplehavelearninglanguages.B.Thedifferentkindsofreligiousbeliefsinthesamegod.C.Thepoorlivingconditionsandagriculturaldevelopment.D.Theneedsofancientpeopletosurviveandcommunicate.14.HowdidtheancientRomansinfluencethealphabet?A.Theymadeimprovementstoit.B.Theycreateditallbythemselves.C.Theymanagedtokeepitunchanged.D.Theyturneditintothemodernone.15.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutnext?A.Theeffectsofthealphabetongloballanguages.B.WhythealphabetgrewbetterinWesternworld.C.HowthealphabetappearedintheEasternworld.D.Anumberofexamplesoflanguageevolution.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了字母的发展历史，古人通过在石头或贝壳上刻下符号来代表人或物，以此进行彼此之间的交流。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Totelleachotherabouthowtohuntanimalsorwheretofindthem,thesepeopledrewoncavewallsoronanimalhides.”可知，为了告诉彼此如何猎杀动物或在哪里找到它们，这些人在洞穴墙壁或动物的兽皮上画了画。由此可知，狩猎者利用绘画帮助他们寻找食物。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theywerealsousingasystemofsymbolstostandforpeople,placesandthings.ThebestancientexampleofthiswasfoundinEgypt,wherehieroglyphs(象形字)wereused.Thesepeoplebelievedinmanydifferentgods.Eachgodhaditsownsymbol.Symbolswerealsousedtostandforwater,buildings,food,andotherpartsoflife.”可知，他们还用符号系统来代表人、地方和事物。最好的古代例子是在埃及发现的，那里使用象形文字。这些人信仰许多不同的神。每个神都有自己的象征。符号也被用来代表水、建筑物、食物和其他生活部分。由此可知，字母的发展反映了古人生存和交流的需要。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“TheancientRomanspolishedituptoastatealmostlikeourmodernalphabet.”可知，古罗马人把它打磨成一种几乎和我们现代字母表一样的状态。由此可推知，古罗马人改进了字母表。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后第一段中“ThiswasthecaseintheWesternworld.Actually,asimilarthingalsohappenedintheEast.Youcanseemanyexamplesinsuchareas’languagedevelopment.”可知，西方世界就是这样。事实上，类似的事情也发生在东方。你可以在这些领域的语言发展中看到许多例子。由此可推知，接下来作者可能会写下字母表是如何在东方世界出现的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Freshwatermussels(贻贝)arecriticaltotheirlargerecosystemsandtheworldaroundthem,Theycreatehabitatforotherspecies,likefreshwatercoralreefs,andhelpmaintainthestructureandrigidityofthewaterwaystheycallhome.___16___Nearlythree-quartersofNorthAmerica'sroughly300nativemusselspeciesareendangered,atrisk,orofdanger.Dozensarealreadyextinct.___17___Fordecades,freshwatermusselswereoverharvestedfortheirshells.Beforetheageofplastic,theywerecollectedandgrownbythemillionstosatisfycommercialdemandforbuttons,Evenmoredamagingwasthespreadofhumandevelopmentandenvironmentaldegradation.Riversweredammedforpower.Streamswerediverted(使绕道)foragriculture.___18___Allthiscontinuestoday,endangeringfarmorethanfreshwatermussels.ArecentreportbytheUnitedNationsfoundthathumanpracticeshaveputroughly1millionspeciesatriskofextinction,manywithindecades.Thespecies-specifcnatureofthedie-offsuggestsanothercause：disease.Thescientistshavefoundanovelvirusandabacteriumthatare“statisticallyassociated”withthedyingmusselscomparedwithcontrolgroups,butnobodyiswillingyettoidentifywhichisthecause.___19___Arethemusselsdyingbecausethey'refilledwithvirusandbacteria?Oraretheyfullofvirusandbacteriabecausethey'redying?___20___Thereareamillionthingsitcouldbe!Natureissocomplex.Biologyissocomplex.Wedonotunderstandhowimportantsomethingsareuntilthey'regone.A.Humansaretheprimarycause.B.There'sstilltoomuchuncertainty.C.WetlandswerepavedforhousingD.Arethereanymorecausesbesidesoverharvesting?E.Buttheyareoneofmostendangeredspeciesontheplanet.F.Ontheotherhand,theyarethemostimportantspeciesintheecosystem.G.Isthereanenvironmentalcausedrivingit,suchasdroughtorclimatechange?【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.B20.G【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了淡水贻贝濒临灭绝的原因，作者认为人类是主要原因，其次是疾病。自然界和生物都很复杂，我们不要等到一个物种的灭绝才知道它有多重要。【16题详解】下文Nearlythree-quartersofNorthAmerica'sroughly300nativemusselspeciesareendangered,atrisk,orofdanger.Dozensarealreadyextinct.(近四分之三的美洲以外的地区——大约300种本地贻贝濒临灭绝，处于危险中，有很多已经灭绝)与E.Buttheyareoneofmostendangeredspeciesontheplanet.(但是，它们是地球上最濒临灭绝的物种之一)承接自然，后文的对选项所述内容的具体陈述，endangered是关键词，故选E项。【17题详解】下文Fordecades,freshwatermusselswereoverharvestedfortheirshells.(几十年来，淡水贻贝被过度捕捞)与A.Humansaretheprimarycause.(人类是主要原因)承接自然，因为人类的过度捕捞导致淡水贻贝濒临灭绝，故选A项。【18题详解】上文Riversweredammedforpower.Streamswerediverted(使绕道)foragriculture.(河流因发电而筑坝。溪流为了农业而绕道)与C.Wetlandswerepavedforhousing(湿地被填平用来造房)承接自然，上下文是明显的并列关系，且都是人类破坏自然的活动，故选C项。【19题详解】上文Thescientistshavefoundanovelvirusandabacteriumthatare''statisticallyassociated''withthedyingmusselscomparedwithcontrolgroups,butnobodyiswillingyettoidentifywhichisthecause.(科学家已经发现了一种新的病毒和细菌，和对照组相比，这种病毒和细菌在“统计上”和濒死的贻贝有关，但没有人愿意确定是哪一种原因)与B.There'sstilltoomuchuncertainty(仍然有很多不确定性)承接自然，因为没有人愿意确定是哪一种原因，所以有很多不确定性，故选B项。【20题详解】上文Arethemusselsdyingbecausethey'refilledwithvirusandbacteria?Oraretheyfullofvirusandbacteriabecausethey'redying?(贻贝死亡因为它们携带了病毒和病菌吗？还是因为它们濒临死亡而充满了病毒和细菌？)与G.Isthereanenvironmentalcausedrivingit,suchasdroughtorclimatechange?(是否有诸如干旱或气候变化等环境因素在驱动它)承接自然，上下文是明显的并列关系，都是贻贝濒临灭绝的原因的猜测，故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youneverknowwhatnaturehaspreparedforyouasagift.Yearsago,whenwalkingaloneonabeachinremotesouthwestFlorida,Iwasso___21___tohearsplashes（水声）comingfromthewater.AsIwalkedinthe___22___ofthesounds,Isawamanatee（海牛）showitsheadoutofwater,___23___agreatsnuffling（带鼻音的）breath.Itseemedthatitwasintroubleand___24___togetoutofit.I’dneverseena___25___likethisbefore.Iwantedtoaskforhelp,buttherewasnoone___26___.SoIwentintotheshallowwaterandwenttowardtheanimal.Icame___27___enoughtomakeoutthemanatee.Then,asecondmanatee,muchsmaller,appearedbesideit.___28___,theothermanateeswerealsomovingtowardme.SoonIwas___29___byseveralmanatees.Icouldclearlyseethelargermanatee___30___thelittleoneupwithherflipper（鳍状肢）andpushedittothesurfacebesideme.Asthetwoslippedunderwater,twoothermanateesmovedupfrombehind,oneoneither___31___gentlyagainstmybodyastheyswampast.Theycircledand___32___theaction,thistime___33___bythemotherandherbaby.Iheldmyhandouttouchingtheirbackastheypassedme.Sincetheyobviouslyenjoyedtouchingme,Ibegan___34___eachofthemastheyswamby.Istoodthereenjoyingthescene,___35___tomove,untilfinallytherisingtide___36___mebacktotheshore.LaterIknewexactlywhattookplacethatmorning.ThemanateesinvolvedmeintheircelebrationofabirthandIwaswelcometomeetthe____37____memberoftheirfamily.Duringthatunexpectedscene,Ifeltmoreinvolvedintherhythmsof___38___onourearththanever.Eachyear,Iheadforthat____39____foraquietlittlebirthdaypicnicontheshore.Afterall,youneverknowwhomight___40___upforyourparty.21.A.frustrated B.surprised C.frightened D.satisfied22.A.direction B.condition C.middle D.side23.A.makingout B.puttingout C.comingout D.lettingout24.A.attempting B.forgetting C.forced D.struggled25.A.view B.tide C.scene D.scenery26.A.inhand B.inview C.intheway D.inthedistance27.A.close B.directly C.quickly D.straight28.A.Luckily B.Personally C.Unexpectedly D.Sadly29.A.watched B.surrounded C.attacked D.separated30.A.turn B.eat C.throw D.hold31.A.rubbing B.leaning C.pushing D.resting32.A.practiced B.changed C.repeated D.showed33.A.seen B.followed C.taught D.ordered34.A.moving B.hitting C.catching D.touching35.A.unwilling B.ready C.unable D.afraid36.A.invited B.allowed C.washed D.helped37.A.best B.oldest C.weakest D.newest38.A.life B.music C.world D.development39.A.boat B.hill C.beach D.manatee40.A.build B.set C.step D.come【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A36.C37.D38.A39.C40.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在海岸上无意中邂逅了海牛，那些海牛邀请作者一起参加了一个新生命的庆祝仪式。随着时间的流逝，这也成了作者珍藏的记忆。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶地听到水溅了出来。A.frustrated沮丧；B.surprised感到惊讶的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.disappointed失望的，根据前一句“Yearsago,whenwalkingaloneonabeachinremotesouthwestFlorida（几年前，当一个人在佛罗里达西南偏僻的海滩上散步时）”和空后“AsIwalkedinthe2ofthesounds,Isawamanatee（海牛）showitsheadoutofwater”可知，作者在偏僻的海滩听到水声，因为惊讶才去看了看。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我朝着声音的方向走去时，我看到一只海牛把头伸出水面，发出一声巨大的鼻息。A.direction方向；B.condition条件；C.middle中间；D.side旁边。根据“Iwasso___1___tohearsplashes（水声）comingfromthewater.”可知，我朝发出声音的方向走去。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我朝着声音的方向走去时，我看到一只海牛把头伸出水面，发出一声巨大的鼻息。A.makingout理解出；B.puttingout扑灭；C.comingout走出来；D.lettingout发出。根据“Isawamanatee(海牛)showitsheadoutofthewater”和“agreatsnuffling（带鼻音的）breath.”可推知，这只海牛发出很大的带鼻音的呼吸。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它似乎遇到了麻烦，正试图摆脱困境。A.attempting试图；B.forgetting忘记；C.forced强迫；D.struggled挣扎。根据前文“Itseemedthatitwasintrouble”和常识可知，因为海牛遇到了麻烦，所以它试图摆脱困境。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未见过这样的场面。A.view视野，看法；B.tide潮汐；C.scene场面；D.scenery景色，。前文描述作者看到海牛遇到了麻烦，想要摆脱困境，所以此处需用名词scene表示作者没有遇到这样的场景。故选C。【26题详解】.考查固定短语辨析。句意：我想寻求帮助，但看不到一个人。A.inhand在手头；B.inview视野中；C.intheway挡道；D.inthedistance在远处。根据“SoIwentintotheshallowwaterandwenttowardtheanimal.”可知，但眼前一个人也没有。故选B。【27题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：我走得足够近，能看清海牛。A.close近地，紧密地；B.directly直接地；C.quickly迅速地；D.straight径直地。根据常识可知，只有走得近，才能看清海牛。故选A。【28题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，其他的海牛也朝我走过来。A.Luckily幸好；B.Personally亲自地；C.Unexpectedly出乎意料的是；D.Sadly不幸地是。根据下文“theothermanateeswerealsomovingtowardme.”可知，其它海牛的出现让作者出乎意料。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：很快，我被几头海牛围住了。A.watched观看；B.surrounded包围；C.attacked攻击；D.separated分开。根据“theothermanateeswerealsomovingtowardme.”可知，很快，我就被几头海牛包围了。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能清楚地看到大海牛用鳍把小海牛握住，推到我旁边的水面上。A.turn转动；B.eat吃；C.throw抛；D.hold握住，根据空后“withherflipper（鳍状肢）andpushedittothesurfacebesideme.”可知，此处表示大海牛用鳍把小海牛握住，推到作者旁边的水面上。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当两只海牛潜入水中时，另外两只海牛从后面游上来，一边一只，轻轻地蹭着我的身体游过。A.rubbing摩擦；B.leaning依靠；C.pushing推；D.resting休息，根据空后“gentlyagainstmybodyastheyswampast.”可知，此处指海牛蹭着作者的身体游过。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们围成一圈，重复这个动作，这次跟着的是母亲和它的孩子。A.practiced练习；B.changed改变；C.repeated重复；D.showed显示。根据前文“Theycircled”和下文“thistime13bythemotherandherbaby.”可知，海牛们围成一圈，并且重复这个动作。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们围成一圈，重复这个动作，这次跟着的是母亲和它的孩子。A.seen看到；B.followed跟随；C.taught教；D.ordered命令，根据空后“Iheldmyhandouttouchingtheirbackastheypassedme.”可知，此处表示这次跟着其他海牛的是海牛妈妈和小海牛。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为它们显然喜欢抚摸我，所以我开始在它们游过的时候抚摸它们。A.moving移动；B.hitting击打；C.catching抓住；D.touching触摸，根据“Sincetheyobviouslyenjoyedtouchingme”可知，它们从我身边游过时，我开始摸它们。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我站在那里欣赏这场景，不愿挪动，直到最后涨潮迫使我回到岸边。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.ready准备好的；C.unable不能