大学英语自学教程(上册)-笔记(全)

IIpp Interest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!（有志者事竟成！）Goodluck!下面我们开始上课。我想在第一课开始之前对大家提儿点要求：1.每人都必须有课本，即高远主编的《大学英语自学教程》（上）；2•每讲后必须要复习、做作业；3.最好能提前看看下讲的课文；4,每5个单元有测验，请大家务必认真完成；5有问题随时问，学习上不要害羞。本教程共计25个单元。每单元分A,B两篇文章，一般A位重点文章，精讲；B为培养阅读能力的文章，略讲。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?I.NewWords:successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功；successn;successfullyad（*）Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody（与某人有分歧，意见不一致），ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反义词：agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.guarantee:n/v保证、担保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee,（n保修）2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear,（v保修）intelligent:a聪明的、明智的，nintelligence聪明、智慧conversely:ad相反地，conversea相反的similar:a相似的、类似的，短语besimilartosth/sbinsth（*）e.g.Sheissimilarintemper（'性'情、脾气）tohermother.independent:a独立的、自主的，independencen独立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend（v）:依靠、依赖，dependon/upondependence:n信赖、信任、依靠；dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon'twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.clue:n线索、提示，常用短语：cluetosomethingadult:n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.b.Hisbehaviorisn'tadult.conclusion:n结论、推论;vconclude,decidev决定,decisionn决定、决，心communicate:v交流、通讯、传播，习语：①communicatesthtosb:传播某事给某人；②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名词：communication:acommunicationsatellite通讯卫星；acommunicationnetwork通讯网，telecommunication:电讯、电信，Chinatelecommunication中国电信inexact:a不正确的，反义词：exactincomplete:a不完整的，反义词：completepurpose:n目的、意图，purposeful:a有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地（*）a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.regularly:ad经常地、定期地，regular:a定期的technique:n技术、技巧，outline:v概括；n轮廓、大纲a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.Intensivereading:Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多数学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法的。①本句主语为：Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;谓语为：woulddisagreewith；宾语为：thisstatement②主语中包含有一个语法点，定语从句。这是英语中一个非常重要的语法点,顾名思义，定语从句应该在整个句中做定语，请对比如下两句：Heboughtaninterestingbook.（定语）/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定语从句）。具体介绍该语法点：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面，它需由关系代词或关系副词引导。通常引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,（一般指人），which（一般指物），whose,that（人、物均可）.关系副词有：when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）。不管是关系代词还是副词引导定语从句时，要在定语从句中充当句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修饰先行词mostadults,who是关系代词，在从句中作主语。下面我们一起来看另儿个例句：仔细听我的分析！Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She,sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此时为助动词，表示“可能，将会”。④需掌握的短语：disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson..Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice…hundredsof:儿百，当hundred,thousand,million用作不确定数目时，需用复数形式，并加介词。f；当它们用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.译：语言学习不同于其他种类的学习。短语：bedifferentfrom:与…不同.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.（*）译：有些人很聪明，在他们自己的专业领域很有成就，但发现很难成功地学习语言。①本句主语Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,谓语find,宾语difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning,it语法上称作形式宾语：当宾语较长时，常将它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定语从句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,修饰先行词somepeople,who在定语从句中作主语。③需掌握的习语:beintelligentandsuccessfulinone'sfield;succeedinsth/doingsth.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地…)这句话意思和结构与上句相似，口头分析。.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)译：语言学习研究显示成功的语言学习者在许多方面都是相似的。①本句主语Languagelearningresearch；谓语：shows；宾语：that引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中successfullanguagelearners是主语；are是系动词；similarinmanyways是表语②重要短语besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面与某人/某事相似.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)译：不是等这老师解释，而是自己努力去发现各种句型和规则：①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介词短语作状语，主语：they；谓语：trytofind；宾语：thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介词of后的动词要用动名词waiting③短语：insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)译：他们寻找说这种语言的人，当他们说错时就请这些人帮助指正。①这是一个由and连接的并列句，其中有一个定语从句whospeakthelanguage,修饰先行词people;有一个时间状语从句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、纠正，短语：makeamistake犯错误.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.译：他们不害怕重复他们听到的或说一些奇怪的东西。①whattheyhear是repeat的宾语从句②afraid的用法：beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat从句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.Iamafraidofsnake.He,safraidthathe'11belateforclass..Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.译：当交流困难时，他们会接受不准确或不完整的信息。本句中包含一个时间状语从句Whencommunicationisdifficult,一个定语从句thatisinexactorincomplete,修饰先行词information,在从句中that作主语。.It9smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.(*)译：对他们来说，学会用所学的语言来思考比学会每个单词的意思更重要。①it作形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句语序应是：Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主语的目的是因为不定式作主语太长，为避免句子头重脚轻，用it代替真正的主语。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=It9sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短语：learntodosth学会做…；moreimportantthan…更重要2.It*snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary译：对他们来说，学会这种语言以便同这些人交流并向他们学习是非常必要的①这句话较复杂，it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我们称作目的状语②短语：inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb响…学习.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.译：因为他们想学会这种语言，所以他们发现不断地练习实际应用这种语言是容易的。①it作形式宾语，真正的宾语topracticeusingthelanguageregularly,原因状语从句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是动词，英式英语拼写形式是practise,美式英语动词和名词拼写都是practice.作动词时，后面只能用动名词，如：practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.（4段2行）.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.（*）译：如果你是一名成功的语言学习者，你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。①if引导条件状语从句，主句中的havebeenlearning是动词的现在完成进行时，表示动作从以前开始一直不间断地进行到现在。②三个副词：independently,actively,andpurposefully要会拼写。.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.译：另一方面来说，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上面提到的一些学习技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是条件状语从句。②短语：ontheotherhand:另一方面来说；lessthansuccessful:不太成功；mightdowelltodosth:表示一种委婉语气，不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor1sadvice.That'sallforthislecture,andlet'scontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don,tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt,ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe'11continuetolearnunitone.I.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:Usefulphrases:disagreewith…（2段1行）；2.hundredsof（2段3行）；3.bedifferentfrom…（3段1行）；4.succeedinsth…（3段3行）；5.asmuchasyoucan（4段2彳亍）；6.practicedoingsth（4段2行）；7.trytodo…（4段4行）； 8.similarinsth…（5段2行）；9.firstofall（6段1行）；10.dependon（6段2行）；11.insteadofsth/doingsth（6段3行）；12.waitsbtodo…（6段3行）；13.learnfromsth/sb（6段7行）；14.makeamistake（7段4行）；15.beafraidtodo（7段5行）；16.bewillingtodo…（7段6行）； 17.beinterestedinsth（8段2行）； 18.inorderto（8段4行）； 19.communicatewithsb（8段4行）； 20.ontheotherhand（9段3行）； 21.mightdowelltodosth（9段4行）Someimportantwords:successful; 2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar; 8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully; 12.regularly;13.technique;outline.Keytopartexercises:（frompage8to12）一、课文练习：I.d,a,c,d,d;II.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outline1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.morethan;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.conversely1.见课文；Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.见一讲作业。Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.—.＞词汇练习：I.1.2.4.见一讲词汇讲解部分；3.cover:v覆盖；uncover:v揭开，为cover的反义词；discover:v发现，同义词：find,习题答案为：covered;uncover;discovered.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statement.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discover4,见一讲作业3,4,5题。2见课文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.TextB:要求作一般了解，属阅读理解课文，对于textB的文章来说，虽然较A篇稍长，但难度稍低，检测阅读结果的标准是能够独立地完成课后的习题。Somenewwords:instance:asinglefact,event,example.彳列子、实彳列,常用短语forinstance,例如。waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性)，waitress女服务员、女招待traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游primitive:adj原始的：oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofmanexact反义词inexactconsist;v短语：consistof组成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.simply:adv,simpleadj简单的Somelanguagepoints:notonly…butalso…不但…而且,并列连词。(连接两个并列成分)e.g.(1)Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.(2)・・・，wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.neither…nor:既不…也不，并列连词，连接两个并列成分。e.g.(1)Autumnisagoodseason.It'sneitherhotnorcold.peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)inthisway:介词短语，用这种方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一1个定语从句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修饰先行词TheEnglishmanob.短语：bythistime到此时为止；notatall根本不…Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.曹：语言是由声音组成的，但具有一定意义的声音并不都是话语。短语：consistof,句子结构中包含有一个定语从句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:tax:n税；vt对…征税Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.Myincomeistaxedatsource.（我的收入已扣除了所得税。）generally:adv般地、通常，同义词：usually,常用语：generallyspeaking,generaladjtype:n类型、种类；v打字Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.salary:n工资，salaried:adj拿工资的earn:v挣钱、赚钱，earningsn赚得的钱percentage:n百分比、百分率；percentn前用数词（*）Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn'tcometoday.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.vary:v变化、改变；variedadj有变化的、多样的（*）Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.（注意介i司in的用法）pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.sale:n出售，sellv出售charge:v收费、控告Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.addition:n加法、附加物；addv增加；additionaladj额外的、增加的(*)a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.confuse:v使混乱、混淆；confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyplain:v抱怨，常跟介词of,about,complaint:n抱怨、投诉(*)Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(诉说有病)Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.useless:adj无用的，反义词useful;carefulcareless;helpfulhelpless;hopeful-*hopelessetc.impractical:adj不切实际的，反义词practical;practicev实践、实际program:n计划、节目、程序；v编程序tend:v易于、倾向于，tendencyn趋势、倾向peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物价呈持续上升趋势。)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)译：美国人常说，一个人一生中只有两件事可以肯定会发生：死亡和纳税。分析：主语：Americans；谓语：say；that引导一个宾语从句，还包含有一个省略了关联代词的定语从句，apersoncanbesureinlife修饰twothings.当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.(why?)2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.请试着翻译句子：1你一直在找的那个人来了。2昨天我妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。Answer:Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短语；besureof:对…确信、确定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.Americansdon'thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)译：美国人并不垄断“死亡”市场，但很多人感到美国却以最重的赋税在世界上名列前茅。短语：haveacorneronsomething:垄断…；leadwith因…领先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.译：由于高额的税款，每年4月15日人们很T开心，因为这一天是上缴联邦税款的日子。分析：Withthehighcostoftaxes,介词短语作原因状语，with=becauseof,由于…，whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定语从句，修饰onApril15。When叫关系副词。Where,when,why是定语从句中的三个关系副词，分别在定语从句中作地点状语、时间状语、原因状语。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)I'11neverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege,(when=onwhich)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass,(why=forwhich)另外，若定语从句和先行词之间用逗号分开称为非限定性定语从句。它对先行词只是进一步补充说明，删除后不会影响整个句子的基本语意，译成汉语时一般单独翻译。Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)译：有些洲有与联邦政府类似的个人所得税。分析：代词that指anincometax,英文中两个进行比较的事物必须是平等的，如在口语中我们可说“北京的天气比广州干燥”，但译为英语不能写成：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou,(x)城市不能和天气进行比较,要改为：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(J)otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)译：其他洲征收销售税，对你在该洲所买的任何商品征收一定比例的税。分析：包含有两个定语从句，whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定语从句，修饰asalestax。其中还含有另一个限定定语从句whichyoubuyinthatstate修饰先行词anyitem,chargedto表示“向…征收"charged过去分词作定语修饰apercentage.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)隼：有些洲除了征收销售税，还征收个人所得税来增加税收。短语：inadditionto除…还有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet,raisetheirrevenue:增加税收。Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.译：他们经常抗议政府对他们交纳的税金使用不当。他们认为政府在一些没用或不切实际的项目上花作太多。短语：usesthinthewrongway,错误地使用…，spendsthonsth在,,•花费,或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)译：尽管美国人在许多问题上有不同的观点，但他们往往在这一点上达成共识：税收太高。短语：havedifferentviewsonsth对…有不同观点，tendto通常，agreeonsth同意某事，同意某人：agreewithsb;同意做某事：agreetodosth.III.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof（1段2行）；2.haveacorneronsth（l段2行）；3.leadwith（l段4行）；4.consistof（2段1行）；5.dependon（3段3行）；6.thatis（3段4行）； 7.besimilarto（4段3行）;8.inadditionto（4段10行）;9.publicworks（5段4行）;10.municipalbuildings（5段5行）；11.complainabout（6段3行）；12.usesthinthewrongway（6段3-4行）；13.spend…on（6段4-5行）；14.tendon（6段6行）;15.agreeon（6段6行）The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:I.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一、课文练习：I.a,c,a,a,cIII. 1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonIV.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.Anopenletterprotestedgovernmentsforeignpolicy.二、词汇练习：I见2讲讲课内容。II.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsTextB:It9saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit'sgoodorbad?Nowlet'sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:advertise:v做广告、登广告；advertisement:n缩写ad;advertisingcompany广告公司；advertiser:n登广告的人attract:v吸引；attraction:n吸引力；attractive:adj吸引人的design:v设计；designer设计师persuade:v劝说，常用习语：persuadesbtodosthleisure:n空暇、悠闲，atleisure有空，清闲。classified:a分类的；classifyv分类edition:n版本，apaperbackedition（平装版），arareedition（珍藏版），adeluxeedition（精装版）,arevisededition（修订版）；edit:v;editor:nentertainment:n娱乐、款待audience:n观众、听众。characteristic:a典型的；n特性、特征commercial:adj商业的；n商业广告；commercen商业。responsible:a有责任的；responsibilityn责任particular:a特定的estimate:n/v估计、评价management:n管理、经营；manage:v管理；manager:n经理approve:v赞成、同意、批准；approval:ninvolve:v牵涉、卷入，beinvolvedinsth;involvement:nSomedifficultsentences:Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit'sthepartthatattractsthemostattention.译：广告仅仅是整个销售活动的一部分，但就是这部分最能吸引人们的注意力。注意本句的主语advertising是动名词作主语，表示登广告。再如：playingfootballismyfavoritesport.短语：attractone,sattention吸引某人的注意力。Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.（*）译：色彩利画面配上声音和音乐，既好看又好听。掌握短语:1>.addsthtosth加…到…，g.Idon,tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛3>.aswellas:也，除了…还有…（+）g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothattheaudienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.（*）w：电视广告时间很短，但它们被反复播放，可以使观众看听许多遍。短语：overandoveragain一遍又~>遍；sothat=inorderthat表目的；audience:称作集体名词，当单形集体名词被看作一个整体时，具有单数概念；被看作若干个个体时，具有复数概念。像这样的名词有：family,government,class,staffetc.a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.Usefulphrases:attractone'sattentiond段2行）；2.naturalenough（1段2行）；3.forthemostpart（1段6行）;4.persuadesbtodosth（1段7行）；5.alargeamountofsth（3段1行）；6.becharacteristicofsth（3段7行）；7.catchtheeye（3段8行）；8.nomorethan（3段9行）；9.idebtitywithsth（3段10行）;10.addto（4段2行）;11.catchtheear（4段3行）；12.overandoveragain（4段4行）；13.sothat（4段5行）；14.putupwith（4段7行）；15.millionsof（4段8行）；16.beresponsibleforsth/sb（5段1行）；17.decideonsth（5段2行）；18.makeanestimateofsth（5段4行）；19.beinvolvedinsth（5段6行）；20.aswellas（4段3行）；21.carryover（4段1行）

Keytosomeexercises:I.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.词汇练习：52I.e,b,c,d,a.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimate. 1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;6.characteristicofIV.B,C,B,A,C,D.Unit3TextA:TheAtlanticoceanIntheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,theIndianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn'tthebiggestinarea,butthereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisveryimportant.A.Newwords:sailor:n水手、海员；sail:v航海，n航海、帆(*)a.HehassailedforNewYork.b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.c.Howmanydays'sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?unwilling:a不情愿的，反义词willing：愿意的，常用短语：bewillingtodo,beunwillingtodo…；副词：unwillingly,willingly;名词：will意愿、意志。(*)a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn,tmademuchprogress.c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.unusual:a不寻常的、与众不同的,反义词：usual,副词：usually(*)a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.b.Hewenttotownasusualwithhisfather.c.Aclassifiedadvertisementisusuallyafewlineslong.salty:a咸的，salt:n盐；salted用盐腌的a.Theseawaterissalty.b.Thesaltedbeefisdelicious.average:n/a/v平均数、平均的、平均常用短语：ontheaverage(*)a.Theaverageof2,3andb.Theaverageageofthec.Theyaveraged20miles4is3.a.Theaverageof2,3andb.Theaverageageofthec.Theyaveraged20milesstudentsinthisclassiseighteen,adayduringtheirlastjourney.range:n山脉、范围；v变化，排列成行a.Shehasawiderangeofinterests.b.Herangedthebooksbysize.peak:n高峰，adj高峰的，反义词：off-peakpeakhour=rushhoureastward,westward,northward,southward:adjadvcrew:集体名词becalm:vbecomecalm;calm:a平静的、安静的，pleasekeepcalm.current:n水流、电流；adj流行的a.Thecurrentisthestrongestinthemiddleoftheriver.b.Turnoffthecurrentwhilemakingrepairs.c.ofallherdresses,onlyoneisstillcurrent.affect:v影响、打动；effectn影响，haveaneffectonsth;affectingadj动人的；effectiveadj有影响的、有效的。(*)a.ViolentTVprogramshaveabadeffectonthechildren.b.Musiccanaffectsomepeopleverystrongly.c.Thelawisnolongereffective.furnish:v用家具布置，家具：furniture.Grammarknowledge:定冠词的用法pleaselookatthefollowingsentencesfromthetext:a.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatb.Thenarrowestplaceisbetweenthebulgeof….c.TheAzoresarethetopsofthepeak.冠词(articles):是一种虚词，放在一个名词前，帮助说明该名词的含义。它分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。.定冠词the的用法如下：①重复上文提到过的人或物：e.g.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.(第一次提到用不定冠词，第二次用定冠词，表特指。)②特指谈话双方都知道的人或物。e.g.Howdoyoulikethefilm?③指世界上独•无二的事物。g.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.④常用在乐器前：g.Iwanttoplaythepiano/theviolin.⑤用在一些公用事业名称前，g.Iwillgotothepostoffice/themuseum/thecinema.⑥用在序数词和形容词最高级之前，g.thefirsttime,thebiggest.⑦用在某些专有名词前，e.g.thepeople'sRepublicofChina,thegreatwall,thewhitehouse⑧特指某些江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊，g.theChangjiangRiver,thepacificocean,theHimalayas,theSaltLake⑨和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人，g.therich,thepoor,thedead,theyoung⑩用在姓氏的复数形式前，表一家人，g.TheGreensarewatchingTV.另外，还用在许多习惯用语中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,ontheleft.Right,bytheway,inthemiddleofetc.The4thlectureofCollegeEnglishone:I,IntensivereadingtextA:TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheoldworldfromthenew.译：大西洋是隔断新世界和旧世界的大洋之一。分析：本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词oceans,注意此时只能用that,不能用which.如下的情况属只能用that的情况：1>.当先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时。Heisthebestpersonthatalwayshelpsothers2>.当先行词是序数词，或前面有一个序数词时。HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.3>.当主语已有疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4》,当先行词是all,much,something,anything,everything,little,etc等词时。Weshouldhandinallthatyouhavefound.5>.当先行词前有only,any,few,oneof,thesame,noetc等词时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteacherinourclass.短语：separatesthfromsth把…与…分开EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishchannel.另夕卜,theoldWorld:Europe,Asia,Africa;theNewWorld:theAmericas.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericasfrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEurope.(*)赞：好几个世纪以来，它使美洲一直未被欧洲人发现短语：keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth:阻止某人做谋事Thebadweathercan,tkeepusfromgoingtoschool/beingdiscovered:being动名词，discovered过去分词ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticoceanmadetheearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.(*)译：许多关于大西洋的错误观点使得早期的水手不愿远航驶入大西洋。分析：主语：manywrongideas；谓语：made；宾语：theearlysailors；宾补：unwillingtosailfaroutintoito短语：beunwillingtodosth;sailfaroutintoit:远航驶入；makesbdosthoneideawasthatitreachedouttoutheedgeoftheworld.”译：一种观点是大西洋远达世界的边缘。分析：that引导的是表语从句。它是名词从句的一种。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句属于名词从句。在四种从句中只有宾语从句能省略that这个关系连词，在其它从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但绝对不能省略。Thattheearthisroundistrue.(主语从句)Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.(宾语从句)Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.（同位语从句）Anotherideawasthatattheequatortheoceanwouldbeboilinghot.（表语从句）TheAtlanticoceanisonlyhalfasbigasthepacific,butitwasstillverylarge.（*）译：虽然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。倍数的比较：倍数+as+adj/adv+asa.Myhairistwiceaslongasyours.b.Myclassroomisonlyonethirdasbigastheirs.It'smorethan4000mileswidewhereColumbuscrossedit.译：哥伦布穿越大西洋的航线有4000多英里宽。基数词+形容词一作度量状语。Heisonlyfiveyearsold.b.Theriveristhreemetersdeep.c.Theclassroomisfivemeterslong.Forsolargeanocean,ithasveryfewislands.Also,itistheworldJssaltiestocean.译：这么大的一个海洋却只有少数几个岛屿，并且它是世界上盐分含量最高的海洋。（这是大西洋最大的两大特点。）ThereissomuchwaterintheAtlanticoceanthatitishardtoimaginehowmuchthereis.译：大西洋中有多得令人难以想象的海水。So…that引导结果状语从句。（so+adj/adv）It'ssohotthesedaysthatwecan,tgoout.Butsupposenomorerainfellintoitandnomorewaterwasbroughttoitbyrivers.译：假设不再有雨水降入大西洋，也没有河水汇入。本句存在一个重要的语法现象：虚拟语气，即表示非真实的假设。该语法放到textB中进行详讲。Itwouldtaketheoceanabout4000yearstodryup.译：它大约需要4000年的时间才干涸。重要句型：ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth花某人多少时间作某事Everydayittakesmeanhourtogotowork.Wenowhavesuchfastwaysoftravelingthatthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller.译：我们现在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎变小了。短语：such+n+that引导结果状语从句,注意和so…that…比较。a.She*ssuchalovelygirlthateveryonelikesherverymuch.b.She,ssolovelyagirlthateveryonelikesherverymuch.seemto仿佛、好像Briefsummaryabouttheusefulphrases:separate…from…（1段1行）；2.keepsbfromdoingsth（1段2行）；3.makesbdosth（2段1行）；4.boilinghot（2段5行）；5.so…that…（5段1行）；6.nomore（5段2行）；7.ontheaverage（5段4行）；8.pileup（10段2行）；9.such…that…（11段1行）；10.seemto（ll段2行）；11.beunwillingtodo…（2段1行）TextB:做一般了解。Newwords:observation:n观察，observe:v观察；observer:n观察者continually:adv不停地，continuev继续，cont