高三一轮复习定语从句课件

高三定语从句及非谓语动词作定语复习一、定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰________或__________的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的_________后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有________,________,________,_______,________,_____等；关系副词有_________,__________,__________等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个_________。判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择Iadviseyoutocancel__________isthoughtunnecessary.Herememberedtheweekends________heclimbedmountains.Wetookapicture__________thereisatower.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.whereE.which名词代词先行词whowhichthatwhosewhomaswhenwherewhy句子成分whatwhenwhere二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.()(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.()×√2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothof_________areverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof________havegonebad.3.介词+which+n.的用法，常见的如：inwhichcase/atwhichtime/inwhichway…实际上相当于andinthatcase/andatthattime/andinthatway…Shemaybelate,__________________weoughttowaitforher.她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。Iwillbearoundtheareaat5pm,_________________I'llpickyouup.whomwhichInwhichcaseAtwhichtime四．关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，可用介词+which替换IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.=Istillremembertheday__________________Ifirstcametotheschool.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语,可用介词+which替换ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.=Thehouse___________________Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语,可用介词+which替换Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.=Pleasetellmethereason__________________youmissedtheplane.OnwhichInwhichForwhich注意：1.一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。(1).I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。(2).Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,stage,condition，position和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。五．定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。

“三找”：找先行词→找定语从句→找定语从句的谓语动词；“两定”：判定先行词与从句谓语动词的关系→确定关系代词或关系副词(兼顾人/物)。“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。1.Thisistheschool_________________Ivisitedtenyearsago.2.Thisistheschool_____________Iworkedtenyearsago.3.Thisistheschool__________hasagoodreputationinandoutofChina.4.Thisistheschool__________teachingbuildingsareofancientstyle.5.Thisistheschool________________Ivisitedtheheadmastertenyearsago.6.Thisistheschool________________Iworkedintenyearsago.that/which/--wherewhich/thatwhosewherethat/which/--区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句。如：Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.(which指__________________________)Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.(which指____________________)Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.(先行词为_____________，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.(先行词为表___________________普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)区别六：关系词不同关系词_______和________可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律_______________。PeterdrovetoofastHechangedhismind不能省略thatMr.SmithHerfatherwhy5.当先行词前面有______________等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而且关系代词在定语从句中也做表语时，Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.主句是therebe句型时，修饰主语的定语从句用that不用whichThereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.有两个定语从句时，一个从句的关系代词已用which，另外一个要用thatThecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.Whowhich练一练1.Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2.Youcantakeanyseat__________isfree.3.Thisistheonlything_________wecando.4.Theisthefirstplace__________Iwanttovisit.5.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.6.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.7.Thereislittle___________Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace__________itusedtobe.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用_________Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.which3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用_______(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。as4.在引导词＋be＋done结构中，只能用as，其意思往往是“正如…一样”常见固定用法asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase,asoftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenpointedout,ascanbeseen等常用asThematerialresistsheat，__________wasshownintheexperiment.5.从句内容为否定意义时，常用___________;HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.aswhich以theway为先行词的定语从句theway做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:----引导词用______________________(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:-----引导词用_______________________Theway___________________________heansweredthequestionwassurprising.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)That/whichThat/inwhich/--That/inwhich/--that/which(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是_________关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是______________的关系(1)ThetyphoonthathitFujianlastweekwascalledMeranti._________从句(2)ThefactthattheyoungfilmstarQiaoRenliangkilledhimselfismournful.___________从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由________引导，在句中一般