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阅读理解阅读理解【考前思索】

我在遇到生词和难句时,还能够保持原有的阅读心态吗?我是不是很难把握住所读文章的主旨大意?答题时,我是否能在文章中找到答题依据?阅读中我是否通过对自己提问来检查对文章的理解程度?我做阅读理解题,正确率一般能达到80%吗?考试时,阅读理解题我往往都是哪些题型错?【考前思索】高考英语二轮复习专题阅读理解课件【考向聚焦】

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:①理解主旨和要义;②理解文中具体信息;③根据上下文推断生词的词义;④作出判断和推理;⑤理解文章的基本结构;⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度。【考向聚焦】一、选题特征分析近几年的高考阅读试题,可以看出高考选题具有以下四个特征:1.时代新颖性每年的高考试卷中都有一定的文章,讲某一领域的新知识或介绍一些新观念、新方法或新事物,如:浙江卷介绍具有触摸屏导购装置的超市购物车。【考法说明】【考法说明】2.人文实用性每年的高考试卷中都有一定的新闻和广告方面的应用文,注重人文与学生生活、社会生活的结合,尽可能体现语言的实用性与工具性。如:全国卷的(英国)路透社对于美加边界居民跨国界做礼拜的报道。3.体裁多样性高考阅读的体裁包括人物传记、叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文。如:江苏卷的A篇是人物传记,介绍英国作家JaneAusten;B篇是应用文,书店导购;C篇是叙述文,讲述theSaharaFestival庆祝活动相关内容;D篇是说明文,介绍植物自我保护功能;E篇是议论文,论述了20世纪科学上的进步给人类带来的影响。可以说,如果语言输入量没有一定的广度,是不能适应这种选材上的多样化的。2.人文实用性4.考查综合性为了能够考查学生较高层面上的阅读技能,所选语篇在结构上都较复杂。作者在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上,运用了较高的组篇手段。这些语篇内容一般有逻辑、有层次、有深度,因而,试题的命制也有相应的层次。另外,每年都有一定比例的试题是考语言以外的背景知识,会涉及到人文、地理、历史、政治、自然科学等方面。4.考查综合性二、题干设计总体来说,其干扰项目的设置具有一定的科学理论模糊性,正确答案项与干扰项差异不明显,因而干扰项具有很大的迷惑性。供选项少则每项为一个词,多则每项为一个长句,多数是每项为一个短语。阅读理解题设计从题干到选项都具有灵活、巧妙、含蓄、迂回、曲折等特点,干扰性体现在:脱离原文、以偏概全、扩缩范围、偷换概念、正误并存。因此,必须在明确题意、排除干扰、找出文章依据的前提下,经过深刻思考才能确定答案。二、题干设计第一节考向揭密阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意,也就是中心思想。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意,这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中被考查的重点。研读高考真题,我们会总结出,对于文章或段落的主旨概括设问的形式一般是:主旨概括

第一节考向揭密主旨概括1.Themainideaofthepassage(text)is

.2.Thetext(passage)ismainlyabout

.3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss(dealwith)?4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestexpressesthemainidea?5.Themainpointofthepassageis

.6.Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe

.1.Themainideaofthepassage7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitletobegiventothearticle?8.Whatisthetopicofthetext?9.Themainpurposeofthestoryistotellus

.10.Theconclusionwecangetfromthestoryis

.

大家只要记住,看到问题中使用mainly,main,title,headline,topic,conclusion等词时,就得仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。7.WhichofthefollowingisthHoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.HoneyfromtheAfricanforestThehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees'nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.ThehoneyguidedoesnotactuaScientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.【语篇解读】

非洲森林中香甜的蜂蜜让人类和动物垂涎欲滴,但是要找到隐藏在高树上的蜂巢却并非易事。幸运的是,一种对蜂蜡情有独钟的奇怪的小鸟可以主动提供帮助,顺便分一杯羹。Scientistsdonotknowwhythe1.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest? A.It'ssmallinsize. B.It'shiddenintrees. C.It'scoveredwithwax. D.It'shardtorecognize.

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.”可判断出,之所以难以发现蜂巢是因为它隐藏在高高的树上。 答案B1.Whyisitdifficulttofind2.Whatdothewords“thefollower”inParagraph2referto? A.Abee. B.Abird. C.Ahoneyseeker. D.Abeekeeper.

解析词义猜测题。结合上文中的“...bothpassinganimalsandpeople...”以及“...thecuriousanimalorperson...”可推知,thefollower指的是“寻找蜂蜜者”。 答案C2.Whatdothewords“thefollo3.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway

. A.itgetsitsfood B.itgoestochurch C.itsingsintheforest D.itreachesintobees'nests

解析推理判断题。这种鸟是借助他人之手最终获得自己想要的食物的,这正是它的特殊之处。 答案A3.Thehoneyguideisspeciali4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoney C.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover'sHelper

解析主旨大意题。第一段最后一句点明了本文的中心话题,下文都围绕这种小鸟展开叙述,所以D项最能概括文章大意。 答案D4.Whatcanbethebesttitlef第二节满分技巧文章(或段落)的构成有其内在的规律性,其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下四种结构应首先有所了解,然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。1.主题句在篇(段)首的结构这种结构通常用演绎法撰写,遵循从一般到个别(特殊)的步骤,即先概述,然后用细节加以说明。第二节满分技巧JaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge(雪橇)across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitter(刺骨的)windsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArctictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38℃.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,“Istillcan'tbelieveit.”Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteenwild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,“Itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn'thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner.”JaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyWhichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?A.Womanwinstheworld'stoughestrace!B.Womanfightsbitterwindsandsnowstorms!C.Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld!D.WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic!解析这篇文章的首句就是主题句,其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”,或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不容易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。答案AWhichofthefollowingbestgi2.主题句在末尾的结构尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的,其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据,最后做出概括性的结论,以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般,由特殊性到共性。OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime!2.主题句在末尾的结构Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.解析这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述,最后一句做了归纳总结:“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案为C。答案CWhatisthemainpointthewri3.主题句在中间的结构有些主题句既不在篇(段)首,也不在篇(段)尾,而是处于篇章(或段落)的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫,或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后,仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。这类结构包括三个层次:引题——主题思想——解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看,也可分为三部曲:归纳——结论——演绎,即给出一两个例证之后,做出概括性的总结,然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例:3.主题句在中间的结构Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabullet(子弹)isshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.本段文字中用下划线的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。Whenyouthrowaballupinto4.没有主题句的结构没有主题句的篇章(或段落),并不是没有主题思想,它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的,而是在文中含蓄地存在着,需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程,或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口)thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.4.没有主题句的结构In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.In1963,afterhisarmyservice

“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted,”Bringmetheknife'Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.“IwasgreatlyupsetbythesThebestheadline(标题)forthisnewspaperarticleis

.A.AstonishingMedicine B.FarmerLosesArmC.DangerousBites D.SnakeDoctor解析文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节,都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。所以标题为D。答案DThebestheadline(标题)forthisInshort,正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此,提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力,是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点,也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项,这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意。Inshort,正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目AIsuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightened.Lookingdown,Iimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrong,andrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-risingwater,anditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldget,holdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwater,andkeepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Everynowandthentherushingwaterwouldsweepthecalfaway.AJustatthismoment,shefellbackintotheriver.Ifshewerecarrieddown,itwouldbecertaindeath.Iknew,aswellasshedid,thattherewasonespot(地点)whereshecouldgetupthebank,butitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalf.WhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonext,Iheardthesoundofamother'slove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecould,roaring(吼叫)allthetime,buttohercalfitwasmusic.Justatthismoment,shefellb1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A.AMother'sLove B.ABraveAct C.ADeadlyRiver D.AMatterofLifeandDeath

解析标题应该具有概括性。文章先向读者展示了一幅惊心动魄的画面,然后用险象环生的故事情节紧紧扣住读者的心弦,最后十分自然而又含蓄地点明了文章的主旨,即伟大的母爱可以克服任何困难。由此可见无论是湍急的河流,还是奇迹的发生,最终都是为刻画大象的母爱作铺垫的,所以A项为标题。 答案A1.WhatcanbethebesttitlefBAchemicalimportantofbraindevelopmentmayplayaroleinexplainingwhysomepeoplearegenetically(由基因决定地)likelytosufferfromanxietyandcouldleadtonewtreatments,U.S.researcherssaid.Theysaidhighlyanxiousratswhichwerekepthadverylowlevelsofabrainchemicalcalledfibroblastgrowthfactor2orFGF2,comparedwithratsthatweremorerelaxed.Butwhentheyimprovedtheanxiousrats'livingconditions-givingthemnewtoystoexploreandabiggercagetolivein-levelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedandtheybecamelessanxious.B

“Thelevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedinresponsetotheexperiencesthattheratswereexposedto.Italsodecreasedtheiranxiety”.JavierPerezoftheUniversityofMichigansaidinatelephoneinterview.“Itmadethembehavethesamewayastheratsthatwererelaxed”,hesaid.Inaformerstudyofpeoplewhowereseverelydepressedbeforetheydied,theteamfoundthegenethatmakesFGF2wasproducingverylowlevelsofthegrowthfactor,whichisknownprimarilyfororganizingthebrainduringdevelopmentandrepairingitafterinjury.“ThelevelsofthisbrainchePerezthinksthebrainchemicalmaybeamarkerforgeneticvulnerability(脆弱性)toanxietyanddepression.Butitcanalsorespondtochangesintheenvironmentinapositiveway,possiblybypreservingnewbraincells.Whileboththecalmandanxiousratsproducedthesamenumberofnewbraincells,thesecellswerelesslikelytosurviveinthehigh-anxietyrats,theteamfound.GivingtheratsbetterlivingconditionsorinjectingthemwithFGF2helpedimprovecellsurvival.Perezthinksthebrainchemica“Thisdiscoverymaypavethewayfornew,morespecifictreatmentsforanxietythatwillnotbebasedonsedation(药物镇静),butwillinsteadfighttherealcauseofthedisease,”Dr.PierVincenzoPiazzafromFrancesaidinastatement.“Thisdiscoverymaypavethew2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage? A.Anxiousratsandrelaxedrats B.Anxiety—aseriousmentaldisease C.Scientificresearchintothebrainisimportant D.Brainchemicalmayplaykeyroleinanxiety

解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科学家发现大脑里有一种化学物质对人类的焦虑有很大的影响,此发现对医生找到更好治疗焦虑症的方法很有帮助。故D项作标题符合文章主旨。 答案D2.Whichofthefollowingwould要恰当地选好标题,还需要了解标题的写作格式。一般来说,标题的写作方式是:以话题为核心,将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句子为:Coffeeisauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.话题:Coffee要恰当地选好标题,还需要了解标题的写作格式。一般来说,标题的控制性概念:isauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld标题:CoffeeAroundtheWorld注意,做此类题时,要避免下列三种错误:1.概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体,从而导致范围太小);2.过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);3.以事实、细节替代抽象的大意。控制性概念:isauniversalbeverage第一节考向揭密只有准确理解全部细节,才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想。因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的,辅助论据支撑或阐述主题思想。因此,属于细节类的理解题既可检测阅读者对主旨大意理解的深度,又可测定他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。在阅读考核中,查找主要事实或特定细节常见的题型是:细节理解

第一节考向揭密细节理解1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true(orcorrect)?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept

.4.Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat

.5.Accordingtothepassage,when...?总之,细节理解题的六大类型是:1.直接信息题在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问。1.Whichofthefollowingstate2.语意转换题有时需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换,两者形式不同,但意义不变。3.逻辑排序题考生可以先找出最早和最后的一个事件发生的时间,并分别把它们作为事件发生的起点和终点,然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小。4.数字计算题解答此类试题的方法是先理解题意和文意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确答案。2.语意转换题5.图形理解题在解答此类试题的时候,一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息,特别是有些事实是通过图片来描述的,考生可以按图索骥直至找出正确答案。6.是非判断题这类试题要求考生确定与原文信息一致或不一致的一项。考生应首先明确题干要求;其次,在原文中进行细节定位;最后,仔细推敲,锁定答案。当然,针对某一具体的文章,还可以有各种各样,形形色色的设问方式。对于细节题,也可以说对于任何阅读理解题,考生必须根据文章提供的信息进行答题,而不能根据自己的主观判断或者一般常识来答题。5.图形理解题LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg,adistanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.LastnightIwasdrivingfromAtonepointalonganopenroad,Icametoacrossingwithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow,butasIdrovenearthelight,itturnedredandImadeastop.Ilookedleft,rightandbehindme.Nothing.Notacar,nosuggestionofcarlamps,butthereIsat,waitingforthelighttochange,theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.IstartedwonderingwhyIrefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeingcaught,becausetherewasclearlynopolicemanaround,andtherecertainlywouldhavebeennodangeringoingthroughit.AtonepointalonganopenroaMuchlaterthatnight,thequestionofwhyI'dstoppedforthatlightcamebacktome.IthinkIstoppedbecauseit'spartofacontract(契约)weallhavewitheachother.It'snotonlythelaw,butit'sanagreementwehave,andwetrusteachothertohonorit:wedon'tgothroughredlights.Muchlaterthatnight,thequesTrustisourfirstinclination(倾向).Doubtingothersdoesnotseemtobenaturaltous.Thewholeconstructionofoursocietydependsonmutual(相互)trust,notdistrust.Wedowhatwesaywe'lldo;weshowupwhenwesaywe'llshowup;andwepaywhenwesaywe'llpay.Wetrusteachotherinthesematters,andwe'reangryordisappointedwiththepersonororganizationthatbreaksthetrustwehaveinthem.Iwassoproudofmyselfforstoppingfortheredlightthatnight.【语篇解读】

本文为记叙文,题材属于人物故事类。作者在没有警察且没有其他车辆的情况下仍然遵守交通规则,因为这个社会需要彼此的信任。Trustisourfirstinclination1.Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving? A.Hewaslonelyontheroad. B.Hewassloweddownbyatruck. C.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong. D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.

解析细节理解题。根据第一段“SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehind...andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.”可知,自己有点儿不耐烦了,这是因为被大卡车阻挡了好几次。 答案B1.Whydidtheauthorgetimpat2.Whatwastheauthor'simmediateactionwhenthetrafficlightturnedred? A.Stoppingstill. B.Drivingthroughit. C.Lookingaroundforothercars. D.Checkingoutfortrafficpolice.

解析细节理解题。根据第二段“itturnedredandImadeastop”可知,红灯亮时,“我”选择了立即停车。 答案A2.Whatwastheauthor'simmedi3.Theeventmadetheauthorstronglybelievethat

. A.trafficrulesmaybeunnecessary B.doubtingothersishumannature C.patienceisimportanttodrivers D.asocietyneedsmutualtrust

解析推理判断题。阿最后一段是作者通过这次事件悟出的道理,即社会需要彼此间的信任。尤其是通过倒数第二段的“Thewholeconstructionofoursocietydependsonmutual(相互)trust,notdistrust...”可以得知答案。 答案D3.Theeventmadetheauthorst4.Whywastheauthorproudofhimself? A.Hekepthispromise. B.Heheldbackhisanger. C.Hefollowedhisinclination. D.Hemadearightdecision.

解析推理判断题。根据最后一句话可知,作者感到骄傲是因为在红灯亮了以后他停下了。 答案D4.Whywastheauthorproudof第二节满分技巧细节理解题针对不同的文章,不同的细枝末节,可以有不同的设问,这就让人觉得它是那么不可捉摸,犹如雾里看花,水中望月。其实,这种题型是阅读考项中最简单的了。我们只要记住一点:万变不离其宗。这种题型无论有什么千变万化,你只要能看懂文章和题干,答案都能在原文中找到明显的线索。下面,我们就来看看,对付这等“千变魔头”有何绝招?第二节满分技巧我们读文章,无外乎是对两个方面的理解。一个是浅层理解,或表层理解。另一个是深层理解,或内涵理解。所谓表层理解,指要读懂文章的基本内容,包括主要事实和各个细节。主要事实指文章中对于主题主旨具有典型意义的重要事实,这是文章的基本构架。细节是构成主要事实的局部因素或充实事实的例子,数据等细枝末节。一篇文章一般都包括这些要素。所以阅读理解考核中要求寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找到。但是,要注意的是出题者不会很明白很直接地提问,而是很注意提问的技术性或艺术性。也就是说,他提问都是要设障碍的,要罩上一层迷雾的,使得你弄不清问题指的是哪一件事,哪一个细节,造成你寻找的困难,这就要求你仔细琢磨了。归纳起来,提问技巧一般有隐含提问法、真伪证实法、间接提问法三种。这一讲里我们先来看看前两种提问技巧。我们读文章,无外乎是对两个方面的理解。一个是浅层理解,或表层1.隐含提问法出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等,使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如:Thebasketballteamneverlackedvociferous(大叫大喊的)youngsupporters,buttheyrarelyrespondedtothisshowofenthusiasm.1.隐含提问法Whoseldomreactedtothatenthusiasticshow?A.Theyoungpeople.B.Theplayers.C.Somepeople.D.Alotofpeople.因为thebasketballteam和players;seldomreacted和rarelyresponded是两对同义关系的词语,而“they”又与basketballteam有参照关系,所以答案应该是B。Whoseldomreactedtothatent2.真伪证实法出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实,不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座,而是提出似是而非,或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目,考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断,而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分,找出正确肯定的事实,才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案选择。例如:2.真伪证实法Onewordthatsumsup(概括)ouragebetterthananyother-whether“ourage”is“thetechnologicalage”ofwesterncountriesorthe“modernizingage”ofChina-isthewordCHANGE.Buthaschangenotalwaysbeenpresent?True,butneverbeforeatsuchabreakneckspeed.Todayitismorethanjustchange.Itisunprecedentedchange.Insuchaworld,readingprovidesthebesttoolwehaveforkeepingupandforavoidingfutureshockinaworldcontinuallybeingremade.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.WesterncountriesandChinaarebeingremade.B.Readingwillhelpunderstandourage.C.Thepresentageandfutureworldarecontinuallychanging.D.Readingisthebesttoolprovidedbyourage.Onewordthatsumsup(概括)oura选择题中,A、B、C三项均与文意吻合一致。D项是一个似是而非的选择答案。文中的Readingprovidesthebesttoolforus(阅读对我们来说,是最好的工具)和选项中D.Readingisthebesttoolprovidedbyourage.(阅读是我们时代提供的最好工具),意思不符,所以答案是D。选择题中,A、B、C三项均与文意吻合一致。D项是一个似是而非3.迂回提问法这又是一种设障提问技巧。问题不直接提出,而是绕着弯子提出。比如,涉及时间、距离及数据等时,你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案,有时,选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符,只是一个近似数值,(其它选择答案完全不沾边,完全错误),或者,提问者只给你一部分事实,让读者续出相应的事实使某事实更完整正确(这又叫做省略提问法)。ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.3.迂回提问法Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon'tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon'truleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsofTV.TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.OneofthestudieslookedatnIntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowest,whilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.IntheCaliforniastudy,childr1.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight

. A.havewatchedalotofTV B.notbeinterestedinmath C.beunabletogotocollege D.havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms

解析根据题干中的关键词“theCaliforniastudy”可找到原文中的第二段。第二段说到,看电视多的学生在数学和文科方面的分数比那些不看电视的学生少8分,也就是说,成绩不好的学生看电视多。 答案A1.AccordingtotheCalifornia2.Whatistheresearchers'understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults? A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV. B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest. C.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds. D.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.

2.Whatistheresearchers'und解析本题的关键词是“theNewZealandstudy”,根据行文顺序,可在第三段中找到这个词语。根据其后的信息“这次研究发现,看电视多是导致成绩不好的原因,但是成绩不好的学生不一定看电视多,也许是学习动机不高造成的”可知,这次研究的结果是:电视与学习之间的联系很难解释清楚。答案D解析本题的关键词是“theNewZealandstu第三节细节理解常见陷阱陷阱1张冠李戴

命题者在设置选项时可能故意弄错对象:把一个事物的特征说成是另一事物的特征,把他人的观点说成是作者的观点,把因说成果或果说成因。因此考生在选择答案前应首先“看”清问题所问,然后在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语。第三节细节理解常见陷阱【典例1】ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroad,aprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntario,foundMcKay'snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory....Outofcuriosity,Broadspenthoursatthelocalarchives(档案馆)inafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouraged,hefinallygaveup.Onhiswayout,Broad'sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform....“Afterlookingforhimallday,therehewas,staringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcase,”saidBroad.【典例1】ItallstartedwhenGrahWhatmadeProfessorBroadcontinuehissearchformoreinformationonMcKay?A.AuniformofMcKay.B.AfootnoteaboutMcKay.C.AbookonMcKay.D.ApictureofMcKay.解析很多人看到第一句话后就以为题目问的“是什么使Broad教授开始想要研究McKay”,从而误选B,而事实上题干问的是“什么使Broad教授继续搜寻McKay的信息”,研读原文可知是ApictureofMcKay,答案是D。看清问题所问,才不至于混淆问题。答案DWhatmadeProfessorBroadcont陷阱2偷梁换柱

命题人设置的干扰项用了与原文相似的句子结构和大部分相同的词汇,只是在个别地方换了几个单词,造成句子意思的改变。针对这类题,考生要注意题目四个选项之间的差异,再带着问题去文章中核对内容,最后确定答案。陷阱2偷梁换柱【典例2】WhileAmericanrappershavebeenpopularinChinasincethe1990s,homegrownrapdidn'tgainafollowinguntiladecadelater.ThegroupYincang(meaninghidden)isoneofthepioneersofChineserap.ItismadeupofmusicloversfrombothsidesofthePacificOcean:aBeijinger,aChinese-CanadianandtwoAmericans.“ThebigchangewaswhenrappersstartedwritinglyricsinChinese,sopeoplecouldunderstand,”saidZhongCheng,27,amemberofthegroupwhowasraisedinCanadabutborninBeijing,wherehereturnedin1997.【典例2】WhileAmericanrappershWhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthegroupYincang?A.ItisnotaspopularasAmericanrappersinChinain1990s.B.Therearethreenationalitiesofthegroupmembers.C.The27-year-oldmemberZhongChengwasborninCanadaandraisedinBeijing.D.ThegroupYincang(meaninghidden)isaveryearlyrapgroupinChina.解析把每个选项与原文内容逐一对照可知,C项与原文“...raisedinCanadabutborninBeijing”看似一样,其实命题人在此“动了手脚”,将Canada和Beijing位置调换了,从而与原意不符。答案CWhichofthefollowingisnot陷阱3无中生有细节题设置的干扰项往往是生活基本常识或普遍认可的观点,本身是正确的,但与文章问题毫不相干。考生在答题时往往容易忽视“intheauthor'sopinion”或“accordingtothepassage”等类似的限定语,不顾文章的内容,根据自己的生活常识和个人经验猜测作者的想法,从而导致错误答案。因此做这类试题时,考生应特别注意作者的措辞。陷阱3无中生有【典例3】Yincang'sfirsthitsongwasIn

Beijing.Itsetsamelody(旋律)playedontheChinesetraditionalmusicinstrumenttheerhuagainstahip-hopbeat.Thesongisaninsider'slookatBeijing'ssightsandsounds,suchastraditionalSiheyuancourtyardcomplexes,thebarareainHouhai,theGuijiefoodstreetandtheclothesmarketnearthezoo.【典例3】Yincang'sfirsthitsongWhichofthefollowingaboutBeijingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.TraditionalSiheyuancourtyardcomplexes.B.ThebarareainHouhai.C.TheWangfujingStreet.D.Theclothesmarketnearthezoo.解析C项内容“theWangfujingStreet”虽是北京一地名,但文中并未提及,属于无中生有。答案CWhichofthefollowingaboutB陷阱4利用数字设陷阱,需要进行数字换算

此类问题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,找出计算关系,通过计算,得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据,弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法,问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等。陷阱4利用数字设陷阱,需要进行数字换算【典例4】Foreigndriverswillhaveapayon-the-spotfinesofupto£900forbreakingthetrafficlawtobecarriedoutnextmonth.Iftheydonothaveenoughcashoraworkingcreditcard,theirvehicleswillbeclamped(扣留)untiltheypayandtheywillfaceanadditionalfeeof£80forgettingbacktheirvehicles...Theforeigndriverswhobreakthetrafficlawanddonotpayonthespotarelikelytobefinedupto

.A.£60B.£300C.£900D.£980【典例4】Foreigndriverswillhav解析由短文信息可知违背交通规则的外国司机当场应罚900欧元,如果钱不够,则扣留车辆。取回车辆还得多付80欧元的手续费。故违规的外国司机,如果没有当场交清罚款的话,要罚的款额有可能高达£980(£900+£80),故选D。答案D解析由短文信息可知违背交通规则的外国司机当场应罚900欧元A(阅读理解表格部分)Room1Thecelebrity(名人)footwearsectionisprobablythemostpopularintheentiremuseum.Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!Mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities'choiceoffootwearextremelyinteresting.

ARoom1Room2Mostofourvis

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