九年级《新目标英语》单元知识点、短语及句型总结大全

九年级《新目标英语》单元知识点、短语及句型总结Unit1一、知识点1.Checkin:在旅馆的登记入住。Checkout:在旅馆结账离开。2.By:①通过…..方式（途径）。例：IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.②在…..旁边。例：bythewindow/thedoor③乘坐交通工具例：bybus/car④在……之前，到……为止。例：byOctober在10月前⑤被例：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.3.how与what的区别：how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为什么，通常做宾语，主语。①Howisyoursummerholiday?It’sOK.(how表示程度做表语)②Howdidyoutravelaroundtheworld?Itravelbyair.③Whatdoyoulearnatschool?IlearnEnglish,mathandmanyothersubjects.① What…thinkof…?How…like…?② What…dowith…?How…dealwith…?③ What…likeabout…?How…like…?④ What’stheweatherliketoday?How’stheweathertoday?⑤ Whattodo?Howtodoit?e.g.Whatdoyouthinkofthisbook?=Howdoyoulikethisbook?Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththematter.=Idon’tknowhowIshoulddealwithit.WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina?=HowdoyoulikeChina?Idon’tknowwhattodonextstep?=Idon’tknowhowtodoitnextstep?㊣Whatgood/badweatheritistoday!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加a）㊣Whatafine/baddayitistoday!（day为可数名词，其前要加a）4.aloud,loud与loudly的用法:三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如:Hereadthestoryaloudtohisson.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak,talk,laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:Shetoldustospeakalittlelouder.她让我们说大声一点。③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:Hedoesnottalkloudlyorlaughloudlyinpublic.他不当众大声谈笑。5.voice指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。sound指人可以听到的各种声音。noise指噪音、吵闹声6.find+宾语+宾补（名词形容词介词短语分词等）例：Ifindhimfriendly.Ifoundhimworkinginthegarden.Wefoundhiminbed.Hefoundthewindowclosed.Wefoundherhonest.7.常见的系动词有：①是：am、is、are②保持：keep、stay③转变：become、get、turn④……起来feel、look、smell、taste、sound8.get+宾语+宾补（形容词过去分词动词不定式）使某种情况发生例：Gettheshoesclean.把鞋擦干净GetMr.Greentocome.让格林先生进来Iwanttogetmybikerepaired.我想去修自行车Youcan’tgethimwaiting.你不能让他老等着9.动词不定式做定语①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系Ihavenothingtosay.Ineedapentowritewith.Ineedsomepapertowriteon.Idon’thavearoomtolivein.10.practice,fun做名词为不可数名词11.add补充说又说12.join加入某团体并成为其中一员attend出席参加会议或讲座joinin与takepartin指参加到某项活动中去。13.all、both、always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none,both---neither,everything---nothing,everybody---nobody.14.beafraidofdoingsth./sth.害怕beafraidofbeingalonebeafraidtodosth.害怕beafraidthat恐怕担心，表示委婉语气15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”②两者中的“任一”③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词finish指日常事物的完成17.a,an与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。例：Pleasegivemeasecondapple.Therecomesafifthgirl.18.havetrouble/difficult/problem(in)doing…..干…..遇到麻烦，困难19.unless除非，如果不，等于“ifnot”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：Mybabysisterdoesn’tcryunlessshe’shungry.=Mybabysisterdoesn’tcryifsheisn’thungry.Unlessyoutakemorecare,you’llhaveanaccident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。20.instead:adv.代替，更换。例：Wehavenocoffee,wouldyouliketeainstead？我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？Itwilltakedaysbycar,solet’sflyinstead.开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tomwasill,soIwentinstead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。insteadofdoingsth.作为某人或某事物的替换例：Let’splaycardsinsteadofwatchingTV.Wesometimeseatriceinsteadofpotatoes.Givemetheredoneinsteadofthegreenone.21.spoken口头的，口语的。spokenEnglish口头英语speaking讲话的，说某种语言的。Speakingskills讲英语的能力22.提建议的句子：①What/howabout+doingsth.?如：What/Howaboutgoingshopping?②Whydon’tyou+dosth.?如：Whydon’tyougoshopping?③Whynot+dosth.?如：Whynotgoshopping?④Let’s+dosth.如：Let’sgoshopping⑤Shallwe/I+dosth.?如：Shallwe/Igoshopping?23.alot许多常用于句末如：Ieatalot.我吃了许多。24.too…to太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv.+todosth.如：I’mtootiredtosayanything.我太累了，什么都不想说。25.not…atall一点也不根本不如：Ilikemilkverymuch.Idon’tlikecoffeeatall.我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，atall则放在句尾26.be/getexcitedaboutsth.===be/getexcitedaboutdoingsth.===beexcitedtodosth.对…感兴奋如：Iam/getexcitedaboutgoingtoBeijing.===IamexcitedtogotoBeijing.我对去北京感到兴奋。27.①endupdoingsth终止做某事，结束做某事如：Thepartyendedupsinging.晚会以唱歌而结束。②endupwithsth.以…结束如：Thepartyendedupwithhersinging.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。28.firstofall首先.tobeginwith一开始lateron后来、随29.also也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either也（用于否定句）常在句末too也(用于肯定句)常在句末=aswell30.makemistakes犯错mistakesb.for…把……错认为……makemistakes(in)doingsth.在干某事方面出错bymistake错误地；由于搞错mistake---mistook----mistaken如：Ioftenmakemistakes.我经常犯错。Imistookhimforhisbrother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。makeamistake犯一个错误如：Ihavemadeamistake.我已经犯了一个错误。31.laughatsb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don’tlaughatme!不要取笑我!32.takenotes做笔记，做记录33.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做…乐意做…如：Sheenjoysplayingfootball.她喜欢踢足球。enjoyoneself过得愉快如：Heenjoyedhimself.他过得愉快。34.nativespeaker说本族语的人35.oneof+(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式…其中之一如：Sheisoneofthemostpopularteachers.她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36.It’s+形容词+(forsb.)todosth.(对于某人来说)做某事…如：It’sdifficult(forme)tostudyEnglish.对于我来说学习英语太难了。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是tostudyEnglish37.practicedoing练习做某事如：SheoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.她经常练习说英语。38.decidetodosth.决定做某事如：LiLeihasdecidedtogotoBeiJing.李雷已经决定去北京。39.dealwith处理如：Idealtwithalotofproblem.40.worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人/某事如：Motherworriedabouthissonjustnow.妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。41.beangrywithsb.对某人生气如：Iwasangrywithher.我对她生气。42.perhaps===maybe也许43.goby(时间)过去如：Twoyearswentby.两年过去了。44.seesb./sth.doing看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生seesb./sth.do看见某人在做某事如：如：Shesawhimdrawingapictureintheclassroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。45.eachother彼此46.regard…as…把…看作为….如：TheboysregardedAnnaasafool.这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。47.toomany许多修饰可数名词如：toomanygirlstoomuch许多修饰不可数名词如：toomuchmilkmuchtoo太修饰形容词如：muchtoobeautiful48.change…into…将…变为…如：Themagicianchangedthepenintoabook.这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。49.withthehelpofsb.==withone’shelp在某人的帮助下如：withthehelpofLiLei==withLiLei’shelp在李雷的帮助下50.compare…to…把…与…相比如：CompareyoutoAnna,youarelucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。二、短语：1.bymakingflashcards通过做单词抽认卡2.ask…forhelp向某人求助3.readaloud朗读4.thatway(=inthatway)通过那种方式5.improvemyspeakingskills提高我的会话技巧6.forexample(=forinstance)例如7.havefun玩得高兴8.haveconversationswithfriends与朋友对话9.getexcited高兴，激动10.endupspeakinginChinese以说汉语结束对话11.doasurveyabout…做有关…的调查12.keepanEnglishnotebook记英语笔记13.spokenEnglish(=oralEnglish)英语口语14.makemistakes犯错误15.getthepronunciationright使发音准确16.practisespeakingEnglish练习说英语17.firstofall首先18.beginwith以…开始19.lateron随后20.inclass在课堂上21.laughtat嘲笑22.takenotes记笔记23.enjoydoing喜欢干…24.writedown写下，记下25.lookup(v+adv)查找，查询26.nativespeakers说本族话的人27.makeup编造，虚构，化妆，打扮28.aroundtheworld全世界29.dealwith对待，处理，解决30.worryabout(beworriedabout)担心，担忧31.beangrywith生某人的气32.stayangry生气33.goby消逝34.regard…as…把…当做…35.complainabout/of抱怨36.change…into…把…变成…（=turninto）37.withthehelpof在…的帮助下38.compare…to(with)…把…和…作比较39.thinkof(thinkabout)想起，想到40.physicalproblems身体上的问题41.breakoff中断，突然终止42.not…atall根本不，全然不三、句子1.Howdoyoustudyforatest?你怎样为考试做准备？2.Ihavelearnedalotthatway.用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。3.It’stoohardtounderstandthevoice.听懂那些声音太难了。4.Memorizingthewordsofpopsongsalsohelpedalittle.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。5.WeiMingfeelsdifferently.卫明有不同的感受。6.Hefindswatchingmoviesfrustrating.他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.7.Sheaddedthathavingconversationswithfriendswasnothelpfulatall.她又说和朋友对话根本没用。8.Idon’thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有搭档一起练习英语。9.Lateron,Irealizedthatitdoesn’tmatterifyoudon’tunderstandeveryword.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。10.It’samazinghowmuchthishelped.我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。11.Myteacherisveryimpressed.给老师留下了深刻的印象。12.Shehadtroublemakingcompletesentences.她很难造出完整的句子。13.Whatdoyouthinkyouaredoing?你在做什么？14.MostpeoplespeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。15.Howdowedealwithourproblem?我们怎样处理我们的问题？16.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwitheachchallengeinoureducationwiththehelpofourteachers.在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。Hecan’twalkorevenspeak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话Unit2一、知识点1.usedto过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态.后跟动词原形.usedtodosth.Thereusedtobe….（反意疑问句）didn’tthere?否定形式为:didn’tuseto或usedn’tto疑问形式为:Did…useto…?或Used…to…?be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于,to为介词.2.wear表示状态.=bein+颜色的词puton表示动作.dress+人给某人穿衣服.dresssb./oneselfhaveon表示状态（不用于进行时态）3.ontheswimteamon是…的成员,在…供职.4.Don’tyourememberme?否定疑问句.（考点）Yes,Ido.不,我记得.No,Idon’t是的,我不记得了.5.反意疑问句:①陈述部分的主语为this,that,疑问部分主语用it;陈述部分主语用these,those,疑问部分用they做主语.例:Thisisanewstory,isn’tit?Thoseareyourparents,aren’tthey?②陈述部分是therebe结构,疑问部分仍用there例:TherewasamannamedPaul,wasn’tthere?③Iam后的疑问句,用aren’tI例:IaminClass2,aren’tI?④陈述部分与含有not,no,never,few,little,hardly,seldom,neither,none等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例:Fewpeoplelikedthismovie,didn’tthey?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时,这个句子仍视为肯定,后面仍用否定.例:Yoursisterisunhappy,isn’tshe?⑤陈述部分的主语若为不定式或V-ing短语,疑问部分主语用it.例:Tospendsomuchmoneyonclothesisunnecessary,isn’tit?⑥陈述句中主语是nobody,noone,everyone,everybody等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语;若陈述部分主语是something,anything,noting,everything等指事物的不定代词时,疑问部分用it做主语.例:Nobodysaysonewordabouttheaccident,dothey?Everythingseemsperfect,doesn’tit?⑦当主语是第一人称I时,若谓动为think,believe,guess等词时,且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称,时态要与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑否定转移.例:Idon’tthinkhecanfinishtheworkintime,canhe?⑧前面是祈使句,后用willyou?(let’s开头时,后用shallwe?)6.beterrifiedof害怕的程度比beafraidof深.7.miss:①思念,想念例:Ireallymisstheolddays.②错过,未中,未赶上,未找到.例:It’sapitythatyoumissthebus.Theboyshotatthegoal,butmissed.8.nomore(用在句中)=not…anymore(用在句尾)指次数;nolonger(用在句中)=not…anylonger(用在句尾)指时间.9.right:①adj.正确的,右边的②n.右方,权利③adv.直接地.10.ItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.=YuMeiseemstohavechangedalot.11.afford+n./pron.afford+todo常与can,beableto连用.例:Canyouaffordanewcar?Thefilmcouldn’taffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.12.aswellas连词,不但…而且…强调前者.(若引导主语,谓动与前者在人称和数上一致例:Livingthingsneedairandlightaswellaswater.生命不仅需要水,还需要空气和阳光.Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不仅是他们,我也愿意帮助你.13.alone=byoneself独自一人.lonely孤独的,寂寞的.14.inthelast/past+一段时间duringthelast/past+一段时间与现在完成时连用.15.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)dying(垂死的)16.playthepiano弹钢琴17.①be/becomeinterestedinsth.对…感兴趣②beinterestedindoingsth.对做…感兴趣③showgreatinterestin在……方面产生极大的兴趣④aplaceofinterest一处名胜someplacesofinterest如：Heisinterestedinmath,butheisn’tinterestedinspeakingEnglish.他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。⑤interestedadj.感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人⑥interestingadj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物⑦aninterestingbook/man18.害怕…beterrifiedofsth.如：Iamterrifiedofthedog.beterrifiedofdoingsth.如：Iamterrifiedofspeaking.19.on副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off.withthelighton灯开着20.walktosomewhere步行到某处walktoschool步行到学校21.spend动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”①spend…onsth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）②spend…doingsth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事如：Hespendstoomuchtimeonclothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着Hespend3monthsbuildingthebridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。payfor花费如：Ipay10yuanforthebook.我花了10元买这本书。take动词有“花费”的意思常用的结构有：Ittake(s)sb. …todosth.如：Ittakesmeadaytoreadthebook.22.chatwithsb.与某人闲聊如：Iliketochatwithhim.我喜欢和他聊天。23.worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人/某事worry是动词beworriedaboutsb./sth.担心某人/某事worried是形容词如：Don’tworryabouthim.不用担心他。Motherisworriedaboutherson.妈妈担心他的儿子。24.allthetime一直、始终25.takesb.to+地方送/带某人去某个地方如：Apersontookhimtothehospital.一个人把他送到了医院。Luitookmehome.刘把我送回了家。(home的前面不能用to)26.hardlyadv.几乎不、没有hard困难的；猛烈地hardlyever很少hardly修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前助动词/情态动词＋hardlyhardly+实义动词如：Icanhardlyunderstandthem.我几乎不能够明白他们。Ihardlyhavetimetodoit.我几乎没有时间去做了。Itrainshardoutside,Ihelastfewyears.在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如：IhavelivedinChinainthelastfewyears.在过去的几年内我在中国住。28.bedifferentfrom与…不同29.howtoswim怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：Thequestioniswhentostart.问题是什么时候开始。Idon’tknowwheretogo.我不知道去哪。30.makesb./sth.+形容词makeyouhappymakesb./sth.+动词原形makehimlaugh31.moveto+地方搬到某地如：ImovedtoBeijinglastyear.32.Itseemsthat+从句看起来好像……如：Itseemsthathehaschangedalot.看起来他好像变了许多。33.helpsb.withsth.帮某人某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮某人做某事ShehelpedmewithEnglish.她帮助我学英语。Shehelpedme(to)studyEnglish。她帮助我学习英语。34.fifteen-year-old作形容词15岁的fifteen-year-olds作名词指15岁的人fifteenyearsold指年龄15岁如：afifteen-year-oldboy一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-oldsliketosing.15岁的人喜欢唱歌。Iamfifteenyearsold.我是15岁。35.支付不起…can’t/couldn’taffordtodosth.can’t/couldn’taffordsth.如：Ican’t/couldn’taffordtobuythecar.Ican’t/couldn’taffordthecar.我买不起这个辆小车。36.as+形容词./副词＋assb.could/can尽某人的…能力如：Zhourunasfastashercould/can.她尽她最快的能力去跑。37.getintotroublewith遇到麻烦38.intheend最后39.makeadecision下决定下决心40.toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶如：totheirsurprise令他们惊讶toLiLei’ssurprise令李雷惊讶41.takeprideinsth.以…而自豪如：Hisfatheralwaystakeprideinhim.他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42.payattentiontosth.对…注意，留心如：Youmustpayattentiontoyourfriend.你应该多注意你的朋友。43.beabletodosth.能做某事如：Sheisabletodoit.她能够做到。44.giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事如：Myfatherhasgivenupsmoking.我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。复合句与简单句的转化：① when------attheageof…② so…that…-----too…to…./enoughto…③ sothat…------inordertodosth.④ because…-----becauseof…⑤ if….-----without/with…⑥ if…-----祈使句+and/or+简单句⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式⑧ beafraidbesurethat+从句----动词不定式besorry⑨ Itseems/seemedthatsb….------sb.seems/seemedtodosth.⑩ Sb.hopes/hopedthat….-------sb.hopes/hopedtodosth.二、短语1.bemoreinterestedin对…更感兴趣.2.ontheswimteam游泳队的队员.3.beterrifiedof害怕.4.gymclass体操课.5.worryabout.担心.6.allthetime一直,总是7.chatwith与…闲聊8.hardlyever几乎从不9.walktoschool=gotoschoolonfoottakethebustoschool=gotoschoolbybus10.aswellas不仅…而且11.getintotrouble遇到麻烦12.makeadecision做出决定13.toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是14.takepridein为…感到骄傲15.payattentionto留心,注意16.consistof由…组成/构成.bemadeupof由…组成/构成.17.insteadof代替,而不是18.intheend最后,终于19.playthepiano弹钢琴三、句子1.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.我以前害怕黑暗.2.Igotosleepwithmybedroomlighton.我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayinggameswithmyfriends.以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.Ihardlyeverhavetimeforconcerts.我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.5.Mylifehaschangedalotinthelastfewyears.6.Itwillmakeyoustressedout.那会使你紧张的.7.ItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.玉梅似乎变化很大.Unit3一、知识点①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。时态 被动语态结构 例句一般现在时 amare+过去分词is Englishisspokeninmanycountries.一般过去时 was+过去分词were+过去分词 Thisbridgewasbuiltin1989.情态动词 can/shouldmay+be+过去分词must/…… Theworkmustbedonerightnow.③被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2.allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：MotherallowsmetowatchTVeverynight.妈妈允许我每晚看电视。beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLyisallowedtogotoQinzhou.莉莉被允许去钦州。3.gettheirearspierced穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事getsth.done(过去分词)havesth.done如：Igetmycarrepaired.==Ihavemycarrepaired.我让别人修好我的车Iwanttohavemyhaircut.我要理发.4.enough足够形容词＋enough如：beautifulenough足够漂亮enough＋名词如：enoughfood足够食物enoughto足够…去做…如：IhaveenoughmoneytogotoBeijing.我有足够的钱去北京。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够大去读书了。5.stopdoingsth.停止做某事Pleasestopspeaking.请停止说话。stoptodosth.停止下来去做某事Pleasestoptospeak.请停下来说话。6.看起来好像…sb.seemtodosth.=Itseemsthat+从句Heseemstofeelverysad.Itseemsthathefeelsverysad.他看起来好像很伤心。7.倒装句:由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语意为：…也是一样Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定)表示与前面所述事实一致.Sheisastudent.SoamI.她是一个学生，我也是。Shewenttoschooljustnow.SodidI.她刚才去学校了，我也是Shehasfinishedthework.SohaveI.她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。Shewillgotoschool.Sowillhe.她将去学校，他也是。Tomcan’tswim.NeithercanJohn.8.yet仍然，还常用在否定句或疑问句当中可与although/though连用9.stayup熬夜如：Ioftenstayupuntil12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。10.cleanup打扫整理如：Ihavecleanedupthebedroom.我已经打扫完了卧室。11.程度副词：always总是usually经常sometimes有时never从不如：Iamalways/usually/sometimes/neverlateforschool.我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。12.曾经做某事：Doyouevergettoschoollate?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Haveyouevergottoschoollate?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.13.goshopping(去购物),gofishing(去钓鱼)goswimming(去游泳),goboating(去划船)gohiking(去登山),gotrekking(去徒步)14..bestrictwith+人.bestrictin+事物.例:TheheadteacherisstrictwithhisstudentsHeisstrictinthework.15.takethetest参加考试passthetest通过考试failatest考试失败16.theotherday前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)everyotherday=everytwodays每隔一天（每两天）17.agree同意反义词disagree不同意动词agreement同意反义词disagreement不同意名词18.keepsb/sth.＋形容词使某人/某物保持….如：Weshouldkeepourcityclean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。Don’tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.别让我等得太久。19.both…and…+动词复数形式如：BothJimandLiMingplaybastketball.20.learn(sth.)fromsb.向谁学习(什么)如：JimlearntEnglishfromhisEnglishteacher.吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21.haveanopportunitytodosth.有机会做某事haveachanceofdoingsth.有机会做某事如：IhaveanopportunitytogotoBeijing.IhaveachanceofgoingtoBeijing.22.atpresent目前23.atleast最少atmost最多24.花费take,cost,spend,payIttake(sb.)timetodosth.Ittook(me)10daystoreadthebook.sth.cost(sb.)……Thebookcost(me)100yuan.sb.spend…onsth.Shespent10daysonthisbook.sb.spend…doingsth.Shespent10daysreadingthisbook.sb.pay…forsth.Shepaid10yuanforthisbook.25.have+时间段+off放假，休息如：have2daysoffoff不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.例:IthinkI’lltaketheafternoonoff.我想下午歇班.Sheisofftoday.她今天休息.Ihavethreedaysoffnextweek.下周我有三天假.Theyhaven’thadadayoffsincelastweek.从上周来,他们没休息过一天.26.replyto答复某人如：ShereplayedtoMrGreen.27.agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如：IagreetoLiLei.28.getinthewayof碍事，妨碍如：Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。29.successn.succeedv.successfuladj.successfullyadv.30.thinkabout与thinkof的区别①当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用Ioftenthinkabout/ofthatday.我经常想起那天。②thinkabout还有“考虑”之意，thinkof想到、想出时两者不能互用Atlast,hethoughtofagoodidea.最后他想出了一个好主意。WearethinkingaboutgoingQinzhou.我们正在考虑去钦州。31.对…热衷，对…兴趣beseriousaboutdoing如：Sheisseriousaboutdancing.她对跳舞热衷。beseriousaboutsth.如：Sheisseriousabouthim.她对他感兴趣。32.practicedoing练习做某事SheoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.33.careaboutsb.关心某人如：Motheroftencareaboutherson.34.also也用于句中either也用于否定句且用于句末too=aswell也用于肯定句且用于句末Iamalsoastudent.我也是一个学生Iamastudenttoo.我也是一个学生。Iamnotastudenteither.我也不是一个学生。35.allowsbtodosth允许某人做…allowdoingsth允许做…36.stupidsillyfoolish三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid程度最强,指智力理解力学习能力差.silly指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩.foolish尤其在口语中广泛使用.例:Heisstupidinlearningmath.他学习数学很笨.Stopaskingsuchsillyquestions.别再问这样傻的问题了.Youarefoolishtothrowawaysuchagoodchance.你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.37.Hedoesn’tseemtohavemanyfriends.=Itseemsthathedoesn’thavemanyfriends.=Heseemsnottohavemanyfriends.38.clean(v.)打扫,清理cleanup比较彻底地打扫,清理cleanout打扫,清理地最彻底.39.concentrateon…全神贯注做…例:Hedecidedtoconcentrateonphysicsbecausehefailedtheexam.ThiscompanyconcentratesonChinamarket.这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.40.more…than…①与其说…不如说…;比…更…例:Themanismorestupidthannervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.②在这一结构中,more做adj.修饰名词,表示“比…多”例:Ihavemorebooksthanyou.我的书比你的多.41.volunteer①n.自愿者.②v.volunteertodosth.自愿做…例:Weallvolunteeredtohelpintheoldpeople’shome.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.42.getintheway(of)...妨碍...例:Henevergetsinothers’way.他从不妨碍别人.Thebikesovertherewillgetinthewayofothers.自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.43.success(n.)successful(adj.)succeed(v.)44.only处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.例:Onlythendidheunderstandit.只有到那时,他才明白.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有这样我们才能把英语学好.Onlywhenshecamehome,didhelearnthenews.当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.45.careabout关心,在乎,在意.例:Noonecaresaboutothersnowadays.现在没人关心别人.Idon’tcareaboutwhathedoes.我并不在意他干什么.二、短语1.beallowedtodosth被允许干…allowsbtodosth允许某人干…allowdoingsth允许干…2.sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldboysandgirls16岁的孩子3.part-timejobs兼职工作4.adriver’slicense驾照5.onweekends在周末6.atthatage在那个年龄段7.onschoolnights在上学期间的每个晚上8.stayup熬夜9.cleanup(相当与及物动词)清扫10.fail(in)atest考试不及格11.takethetest参加考试12.theotherday前几天13.allmyclassmates我所有的同学14.concentrateon全神贯注于15.begoodfor对…有益16.ingroups成群的,按组的17.getnoisy吵闹(系表结构)18.learnfrom向某人学习19.atpresent目前,现在20.haveanopportunitytodosth有做…的机会21.English-Englishdictionary英英词典22.atleast至少23.eighthours’sleepanight每晚8小时的睡眠24.anoldpeople’shome敬老院25.taketimetodosth花费时间干…26.primaryschools小学27.have…off放假,休息28.replyto回答,答复29.getinthewayof妨碍30.aprofessionalathlete职业运动员31.achieveone’sdreams实现梦想32.thinkabout思考,考虑33.intheend最后,终于34.beseriousabout对…热忠/极感兴趣35.spend…on+n.spend…(in)+v-ing在…上花费时间/金钱36.careabout关心,担心,在乎37.agreewith同意…三.句子1.Idon’tthinktwelve-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.2.Theytalkinsteadofdoinghomework.他们聊天而不是做作业.3.Heisallowedtostayupuntil11:00pm.允许他们熬到晚上11点.4.Weshouldbeallowedtotaketimetodothingslikethatmoreoften.我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.5.Whatschoolrulesdoyouthinkshouldbechanged?你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?6.Thetwopairsofjeansbothlookgoodonme.这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.7.Theclassroomisarealmess.教室太脏了.8.ShouldIbeallowedtomakemyowndecisions?9.OnlythenwillIhaveachanceofachievingmydream.只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.10.Theyshouldbeallowedtopracticetheirhobbiesasmuchastheywant.应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.11.Wehavenothingagainstrunning.我们没有理由反对他跑步.Unit4一、知识点1.if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。If引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句型 条件从句 主句谓语动词形式 动词过去式(be动词一律用were) would+动词原形即：(从句)if+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were),一般过去时(主句)主语+would+动词原形过去将来时如：IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)Iwouldsaynoifsomeoneaskedmetobeinamovie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)2.pretendtodosth.假装做某事Ipretendedtosleepjustnow.pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在干某事Thestudentspretendedtobewritingwhentheteachercamein.pretend+从句假装…IpretendedthatIfellasleep.3.belatefor迟到如：Iamlateforwork/school/class/party.4.afew与alittle的区别，few与little的区别⑴afew一些修饰可数名词alittle一些修饰不可数名词两者表肯定意义如：Hehasafewfriends.他有一些朋友。Thereisalittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。⑵few少数的修饰可数名词little少数的修饰不可数名词但两者表否定意义如：Hehasfewfriends.他没有几个朋友。Thereislittlesugarinthebottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5.hundred,thousand,million,billion(十亿)词前面有数词或several一词时要不能加s，反之，则要加s并与of连用，表示数量很多如：severalhundred/thousand/million/billionpeople几百/千/百万/十亿人hundredsoftrees上百棵树8.whatif+从句如果…怎么办，要是…又怎么样如：Whatifshedoesn’tcome?要是她不来怎么办？WhatifLiLeiknows?如果李雷知道了怎么办？9.addsth.tosth.添加…到…如：Iaddedsomesugartowater.我把糖添加到水里。10.系动词与形容词连用getnervous变得紧张feelshy觉得害羞lookfriendly看起来友好11.too+形/副+todosth.太…而不能如：I’mtootiredtostand.我太累了而不能站。12.helpwithsth.如：Theyhelpwiththisproblem.helpsb.do.如：Theyhelpyourelax.他们帮助你放松13.inpublic在公共场所如:Don’tsmokeinpublic.请不要在公共场所吸烟。14.energeticadj.活力的如：Sheisaenergeticgirl.她是一个活力的女孩。energyn.活力如：Shehaslotsofenergies.她有活力。15.asksb.todo叫…做某事asksb.nottodosth.叫…不要做某事tellsb.todo告诉…做某事tellsb.nottodosth.告诉…不要做某事如：Teacheraskedmetocleantheclassroom.Teacheraskedmenottocleantheclassroom.16.startdoing==starttodo.开始做某事如：Hestartedspeaking/tospeak.他开始说话。17.borrowsth.fromsb.从某人那里借来某物如：IborrowedabookfromLily.我从莉莉那里借来一本书。18.waitforsb.等某人如：Iamwaitforhim.我正在等他。19.introducesb.tosb.把某人介绍给某人如：IintroducedLilytoAnna.我把莉莉介绍给安娜。20.invitesb.todo邀请某人做某事如：Lilyinvitedmetogotoherhomeforsupper.莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。21.havedinner/supper吃晚饭havelunch/breakfast吃午餐、吃早餐22.plentyof修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词许多如：Theyhaveplentyoffood/apples.他们有许多的食物/苹果。23.给某人某物givesth.tosb.如：giveanappletomegivesb.sth.givemeanapple给我一个苹果24.getalong(with)=geton(with)①进行，进展Thebusinessisgettingalongverywell.生意进展的很顺利。HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishstudy?你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？②相处Doyougetalongwithyourboss?=Doyouandyourbossgetalong?你跟老板合得来吗？I’mgettingalongverywellwithmyclassmates.我和同学们相处得很好。25.wouldrather…than…（=would…ratherthan）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：wouldrathernotdosth①wouldrather…than…=prefer…to…但prefer…to…若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing形式。Hewouldratherjogthanplayfootball.=Heprefersjoggingtoplayingfootball.②wouldrather常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”HewouldratherwatchTVathome.③ratherthan=insteadof而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。I’dprefertogotoinsummerratherthaninwinter.Idecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Ilikegoingoutwithyouratherthanwithhim.Sheenjoyslisteningratherthanspeaking.25.infact事实上26.letsb.down让某人失望如：Don’tletyourmotherdown.不要让你的妈妈失望。27.comeupwithsth.提出想出如：Hecameupwithagoodidea.他提出了一个好主意。catchupwithsb.追上赶上如：LilycaughtupwithAnna.莉莉赶上了安娜。28.haveexperiencedoing在做某事有经验如：IhaveexperienceteachingChinese.我在教英语方面有经验。29.comeout出版，出来如：Themagazinecomesoutonceaweek.这种杂志每周出一次。30.byaccident偶然地，无意之中如：LastweekIcutmyfingerbyaccident.上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。31.hurrytodo匆忙…Ihurrytocallthepolice.32.morethan=over超过34.offer提供offersbsth给××……offertosbsth主动提出干……35.①givesbsth=givesthtosb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等②buysbsth=buysthforsb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等36.lookfor寻找find找到、发现findout指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。37.bring带来take带走fetch去并拿来38.talkto/withsb同××说话。tell告诉,分辨，辨别。speaktosb同××说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。say后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。39.Whatif……如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）Whatifshedoesn’tcome?她要是不来怎么办？Whatifyourparentdon’tag