初中英语宾语从句课件新

一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一1二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语2（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.

连接副词whenwhywherehow。（一）连接词1.that3由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmovesaroundthesun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意4由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）2.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）

whether(if)hecancome

whetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.5If与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherIf与whether的区别Idon’tknow__6由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词

when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestion1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）

whomtheyarewaitingfor由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,7if和when还可以引导时间状语从句

当主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时态。Couldyoutellmewhenhe_________?Couldyoupleasecallmewhenhe_______?(arrive)Ireallydon'tknowifhe________(explain)theproblemtousthoughhehasbeenaskedforseveraltimes.Youcanpaintyourroomblueifyou______(feel)upset.willarrivearriveswillexplainfeelif和when还可以引导时间状语从句

当主句为将来时，从句用8（二）语序：陈述句语序

即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.Aretheydoinghomework?3.Didthebadnewsinfluencehismood?

Thereisabanknearhere.Theyaredoinghomework.Thebadnewsinfluencedhismood.

（二）语序：陈述句语序即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分9将下列问句变成陈述句。

1.Canheswim?→

swim.

2.Doeshehaveapen?→

apen.

3.Whichplacedidhegoto?→Whichplace

.

4.What'swrongwithyou?→

.

5.Whathappenedtoyou?→

.

6.Whichisthewaytothestation?→

.

想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？

HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhat'swrongwithyou说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。WhichisthewaytothestationCanyoutellme/Iwanttoknow/Iwonder/Pleasetellme……?e.g.Canyoutellmeif/whetherhecanswim?将下列问句变成陈述句。

1.Can10（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmoved

here?任何（三）时态(时态一致性）任何11四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim

(be)

aworkertwoyearsago.Jim

(be)anEnglishteachernow.

Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim

(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.

填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim122.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

过去2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___132.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)He

abook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgo

waswasreading

hiswork.hadfinished2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某14确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时153.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

一般现在3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从163.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.

Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时17三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

eg:

(1)

IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihope

toreceiveyoure-mail

(2)Hehasdecidedthatheshouldimprovehisstudyskills.

→Hehasdecidedtoimprovehisstudyskills.

三、宾语从句与简单句的转换eg:18(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

eg:(3)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.whattodonextwhattodonext19(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

eg:(4)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.

howtoworkitout(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,t20(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(5)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?

A:Heaskedustobequiet.

(6)"Don'ttroubleme"hesaidtome.

Hetoldmenottotroublehim.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell21四、否定转移

在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动用肯定式。

eg:(5)Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.

注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。

eg:(6)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,

________?

(7)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,

___________?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语

由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the四、否定转移hashedidn’the22Ⅰ.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1

Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?

2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3

Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.

4

Doyouknowwhocaritis?

wasiswhose六.课堂检测Ⅰ.Findoutthemistakesandco23１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。１．Doyouknow________________244．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?whatLilywas

B.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLily

C3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere

C4．Lily’smotherlookedforher255Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC5Thegirlsaskedifthey____267.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which

A8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingC7.Couldyoupleasetellme__27II.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.II.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewh28Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)

willbe

goes

wereplaying

hasreturned

hadbeen

travels

aretalking

were

weredoingTheradiosaysit_________cl2910.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)

wrote

moves

hastaken

hasbeenrisesdid10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe30:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillsayatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.:Iaskedwheretheystoppedon31一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一32二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语33（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.

连接副词whenwhywherehow。（一）连接词1.that34由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmovesaroundthesun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意35由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）2.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）

whether(if)hecancome

whetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.36If与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherIf与whether的区别Idon’tknow__37由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词

when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestion1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）

whomtheyarewaitingfor由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,38if和when还可以引导时间状语从句

当主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时态。Couldyoutellmewhenhe_________?Couldyoupleasecallmewhenhe_______?(arrive)Ireallydon'tknowifhe________(explain)theproblemtousthoughhehasbeenaskedforseveraltimes.Youcanpaintyourroomblueifyou______(feel)upset.willarrivearriveswillexplainfeelif和when还可以引导时间状语从句

当主句为将来时，从句用39（二）语序：陈述句语序

即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.Aretheydoinghomework?3.Didthebadnewsinfluencehismood?

Thereisabanknearhere.Theyaredoinghomework.Thebadnewsinfluencedhismood.

（二）语序：陈述句语序即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分40将下列问句变成陈述句。

1.Canheswim?→

swim.

2.Doeshehaveapen?→

apen.

3.Whichplacedidhegoto?→Whichplace

.

4.What'swrongwithyou?→

.

5.Whathappenedtoyou?→

.

6.Whichisthewaytothestation?→

.

想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？

HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhat'swrongwithyou说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。WhichisthewaytothestationCanyoutellme/Iwanttoknow/Iwonder/Pleasetellme……?e.g.Canyoutellmeif/whetherhecanswim?将下列问句变成陈述句。

1.Can41（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmoved

here?任何（三）时态(时态一致性）任何42四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim

(be)

aworkertwoyearsago.Jim

(be)anEnglishteachernow.

Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim

(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.

填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim432.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

过去2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___442.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)He

abook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgo

waswasreading

hiswork.hadfinished2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某45确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时463.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

一般现在3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从473.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.

Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时48三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

eg:

(1)

IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihope

toreceiveyoure-mail

(2)Hehasdecidedthatheshouldimprovehisstudyskills.

→Hehasdecidedtoimprovehisstudyskills.

三、宾语从句与简单句的转换eg:49(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

eg:(3)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.whattodonextwhattodonext50(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

eg:(4)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.

howtoworkitout(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,t51(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(5)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?

A:Heaskedustobequiet.

(6)"Don'ttroubleme"hesaidtome.

Hetoldmenottotroublehim.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell52四、否定转移

在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动用肯定式。

eg:(5)Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.

注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。

eg:(6)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,

________?

(7)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,

___________?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语

由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the四、否定转移hashedidn’the53Ⅰ.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1

Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?

2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3

Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.

4

Doyouknowwhocaritis?

wasiswhose六.课堂检测Ⅰ.Findoutthemistakesandco54１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。１．Doyouknow________________554．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?whatLilywas

B.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLily

C3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere

C4．Lily’smotherlookedforher565Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC5Thegirlsaskedifthey____577.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which

A8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.