外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习30：选择性必修2 Unit 6　Survival(含解析)

课时质量评价(三十)选择性必修第二册Unit6SurvivalA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence1.________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen2.________(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods3.________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s,andareexpensive4.________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut5.________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa6.________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby7.________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare8.________(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of9.________nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six10.________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于生存环境恶化，北极熊数量减少的状况。1.that考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故填that。2.poorly考查副词。应用副词poorly修饰动词studied。3.of/for考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for，表示“……的方法”。4.toperform考查非谓语动词。本句含有“Sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。5.havereported考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语Inrecentyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语someInuitpeople为复数意义，故填havereported。6.belief考查名词。根据空前的a可知，leadingto后接的是名词作宾语，故填belief。7.noting考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用v.­ing形式作宾语，故填noting。8.higher考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的连词than可知，本句表示比较意义，故填higher。9.the考查冠词。此处表特指，故填定冠词the。10.are考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时；且six表示复数含义，故谓语动词应用复数，故填are。BWithseasonaltemperaturesbreakingrecordsalmosteveryyear,treespecies1.________(expect)toadapttothechangesbyslowlyshiftingtheirpopulationcentresnorthward.But2.________recentsurveyshowsthetrendtowardswestwardmovementiseven3.________(strong)thanexpected—insomecases,specieshaveshiftedtheirrangestowestbyasmuchas73percent.Thesurveyshowsthatroughlythree­quartersofthe86treespecies4.________(survey)haveshiftedtheirpopulationcentreswestward5.________1980.Obviously,treesaren'tuprooting6.________(them)andmovingelsewhere.Thesurveyprovidesinsightintogeneralpopulationtrendsasyoungtreescontinuetotakerootinwestwardland,whilesomeoftheolder7.________(plant)ofthespeciesintheeasternareasareslowlydyingout.Inthisway,thecentreofaspecies'rangecangraduallyshiftovertime.Thoughscientistsaren'tsure8.________iscausingthischange,thepublishersofthestudythinkthatit'sconnectedtorainfall.RainfalltotalsacrosstheUnitedStateshavechanged,9.________(cause)areassuchastheSoutheasttoexperiencesignificantlylessrainannually,whiletheGreatPlainsisgettingfarmorethanitshistoricalaverage.Forthisreason,mosttreesaremovingtowardsthe10.________(increasing)wateryplains.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文。文章主要讲述由于季节性气温的变化，树种也在向北转移来适应这些变化。调查显示大约有3/4的树种向西迁移，移到西部的小树继续生根而东部的古老植物却在慢慢地灭绝。尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这一变化，但已出版的研究认为它与降雨有关。1.areexpected考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子“treespecies1.________(expect)toadapttothechanges”可知，本句中的expect的宾语是treespecies，故本句要用被动语态，又根据上下文语境可知，应用一般现在时。故填areexpected。2.a考查冠词。分析句子可知，本空指的数量，“一”用a，故填a。3.stronger考查形容词的比较级。根据“iseven3.________(strong)thanexpected”可知，本空是作系动词is的表语。根据than可知，要用比较级。故填stronger。4.surveyed考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的treespecies是被调查，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。故填surveyed。5.since考查连词。本句中用了现在完成时，应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。6.themselves考查反身代词。根据语境可知，树木不能把它们自己(themselves)拔出来，故填themselves。7.plants考查名词。根据“someoftheolder...”可知，应用其复数形式。故填plants。8.what考查名词性从句。分析句子“Thoughscientistsaren'tsure8.________iscausingthischange”可知，本句中缺少宾语，sure后的从句中缺少主语。故填what。9.causing考查非谓语动词。前面的降雨量的变化，自然而然地导致了东南部等地区降水量的减少，是可以推断出的结果，用现在分词形式作状语，故填causing。10.increasingly考查副词。分析“mosttreesaremovingtowardsthe10.________(increasing)wateryplains”可知，本句中的increasing作状语，修饰形容词watery，应用副词形式。故填increasingly。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.通过建立微信，无论在哪里我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。(wherever)BysettingupWeChat,wecanconvenientlyshareourexperienceswhereverweare．2.毫无疑问，我们会选出最优秀的运动员来参加即将到来的奥运会。(doubt)ThereisnodoubtthatwewillselectthebestplayerstotakepartinthecomingOlympicGames.3.我对此感到很遗憾，开始想着做些什么来帮助(他们)。(现在分词短语作状语)Feelingquitesorryforthat,Ibegintothinkaboutwhattodotohelp.4.如果你能替我安排这事，我将非常感激。(appreciate)Iwouldmuchappreciateitifyouwouldarrangeforme.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Pangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammalsintheworldandarefacingextinction.Todrawattentiontothesescaly(有鳞片的),anteater­likeanimals,anewwildlifedocumentary,EyeofthePangolin,isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.Partneringwiththenon­profitorganisationPangolin,Africa,thedocumentarywasmadeavailableonYouTubeinMay2019.TheintentionistoreachcommunitieswherevertheInternetisavailable,especiallyAfricancommunities,wholiveneartheanimal'shabitats.Overtwoyears,thedocumentarycrewtravelledtoSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublicandGaboninsearchofthefouruniquespeciesofpangolin,whichhasneverbeenachievedbefore.FilmmakersBruceYoungandJohanVermeulensaidthattheywentintotheshootknowingrelativelylittleaboutpangolins,butgrewtorespectandappreciatetheanimals.Gettingclosetothecreaturesovertwoyearswasacrashcourseinthesesecretivecreatures.JohanVermeulensaid,“Onethinghoweverthatmightseemunimportantisthattheyareactuallyquitefussyeaters.Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant.”PangolinsarehuntedillegallyacrossAfricafortheirscales,whichareusedfortraditionalmedicine,andtheirmeat.InApril2019,Singaporeancustomsofficialsconductedtwoseparateseizures(缴获)of24tonsofpangolinscales,whichequalstothedeathof69，000pangolins.Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats,theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforactiontoendtraffickingandprotectingtheseuniquecreatures.FilmedonlocationinSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublic,andGabon,thispowerfuldocumentaryisthestoryoftwomenonamissiontogetallfourspeciesofAfricanpangolinoncamerafortheveryfirsttime.1.Whatisthepurposeofthedocumentary?A.Tostudythesituationofpangolins.B.Tocollectfundtoprotectpangolins.C.Toraiseawarenessofpangolinprotection.D.Toproposesettinguppangolinreserves.2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fussy”inParagraph2?A.Picky.B.Messy.C.Showy.D.Heavy.3.What'sthedocumentarymainlyabout?A.Theillegaltradeofpangolins.B.Themedicalfunctionofpangolin'sscales.C.Thelifeofpangolinsintheirnaturalhabitats.D.TheeffortsofPangolin,Africatosavepangolins.4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Abrochure.B.Adiary.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。穿山甲是世界上被贩运最频繁的哺乳动物，并且正面临灭绝。一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。1.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforactiontoendtraffickingandprotectingtheseuniquecreatures”可知，该纪录片的目的是呼吁全世界的观看者采取行动，制止贩运从而保护这些独特的生物。因此，该纪录片的目的是提高对穿山甲保护的意识。故选C。2.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant.”可知，穿山甲实际上对食物很挑剔。所以画线词fussy意为“挑剔的”。故选A。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats”可知，纪录片的主要内容是穿山甲在自然栖息地的生活。故选C。4.D文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Pangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammals...isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.”可知，文章最有可能来自一本动物保护方面的杂志。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2021·辽宁省实验中学模拟)Friendsshouldalwaysbehonestwithyou,right?Sowhentheylie,itcanbereallyhardtotake.Youwanttotrustyourfriendsandthatmeansknowingthatthey'lltellittoyoustraightnomatterwhatitis.1Whydoesthishappen?2Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.Somepeopledon'tunderstandthedifferencebetweenbeinggentlyhonestwithafriendandbeingsostraightforwardthattheyleaveaverbalwound.Theychoosetoavoidthesetwoextremesintheformofalie.Theyfeelembarrassed.Sometimesfriendswilllieaboutthingsintheirlifebecausetheyaretooembarrassedtoadmitthetruth.Maybetheyaregoingthrougharoughtimeandtheyjustdon'twantyoutoknowaboutit.Avoidtryingtobadger(纠缠)yourfriendsintotellingyouwhat'swrong.3Avoidanargumentwithyou.Perhapsyourfriendsknowthatiftheytellyouthetruth,you'llgetangrywiththem.Makesurethatifafriendtellsyousomethingunpleasant,youdon'toveract.4Ifyoudoenduparguing,doitinarespectableway.Excludeyou.Lyingisn'talwaysasignthatfriendsaretryingtoprotectyou,however.5Whenyoufindoutwithcertaintythatyourfriendislyingtoyou,tryandfaceit.Ifyoufeelyourfriendislyingbecauseheorshedoesn'twanttobearoundyou,that'syourwake­uptomoveon.A.Protectyourfeelings.B.Theywanttobeyourcloserfriends.C.Butafriendwholiesisn'talwaystryingtohurtyou.D.Considerwhat'sbeingsaidandwhyyourfriendistellingyouthis.E.Beinghonestandmakingasincereeffortcankeepthefriendshipstrong.F.Sometimestheyliebecausetheydon'twantyoutobeincludedintheirplans.G.Instead,makeitclearthatyouarethereforthemwhenandiftheyarereadytotalk.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法。1.C根据下文中的“Whydoesthishappen？”，再结合下文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因是为了避免伤害你的感情可知，说谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你。故C选项符合上下文语境，故选C。2.A根据本段第一句“Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.”可知，本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保护你的感受。故A选项符合上下文语境，故选A。3.G根据上文中的“Avoidtryingtobadger(纠缠)yourfriendsintotellingyouwhat'swrong.”可知，朋友对你撒谎可能是因为他们自己正在经历艰难的时期，因此最好的做法是不要纠缠你的朋友，而是在他们准备好跟你谈心的时候，清楚地告诉他们你在他们身边陪伴他们。故G选项符合上下文语境，故选G。4.D根据上文中的“Perhapsyourfriendsknowthatiftheytellyouthetruth,you'llgetangrywiththem.Makesurethatifafriendtellsyousomethingunpleasant,youdon'toveract.”可知，朋友对你撒谎可能是因为如果告诉你真相，你会生气，所以在朋友告诉你令你不开心的事情的时候，你应该冷静想想他们说了什么，以及为什么要跟你说这些。故D选项符合上下文语境，故选D。5.F根据上文中的“Lyingisn'talwaysasignthatfriendsaretryingtoprotectyou,however.”以及最后一句“Ifyoufeelyourfriendislyingbecauseheorshedoesn'twanttobearoundyou,that'syourwake­uptomoveon.”可知，有时候朋友们对你撒谎仅仅是因为他们不想跟你在一起，不想让你加入他们的计划。故F选项符合上下文语境，故选F。Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你每周日上午都会去交换生Alice那里教她制作中式早餐。本周日的安排因你爷爷生日而改到下午。请你给她写封邮件，内容包括：1.本周学习时间变更及原因；2.本周学习内容：制作包子(steamedstuffedbun)；3.课前准备：面粉、猪肉及蔬菜。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearAlice，Iamwritingtoinformyouofmyplanforthenextlesson.IhavetochangethetimeforthenextlessonfrommorningtoafternoonbecausethisSundaywillbemygrandfather'sbirthday,andallmyfamilieswillgettogetherinthemorningtocelebratehis70thbirthday.Thecontentofthenextlessonistolearnmakingsteamedstuffedbuns.Toprepareforthelesson,Isuggestyoubuysomeflour,porkandvegetablesaheadoftime.Contactmeifyouhaveanyproblem.Yours，LiHuaⅣ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。In1989,freshoutofhighschool,Ihadthedifficulttaskofchoosingacareerpathbeforecollegestartedinthreemonths.InthosedaysinPakistan,therewerelimitedoptions:becomingadoctororanengineer,orenteringthefinancialworldaftergettingabusinessdegree.Iwasn'tinterestedinengineering,sothatIwasleftwithmedicineorbusiness.Icouldn'tdecide.Myuncle,aninfluentialpersoninthefamily,suggestedthatIdoaworkplacementtoexperienceitforamonthinaninternationalcompanyfollowedbyamonthinahospital.Afterthat,Icouldmakeadecision.Itseemedlikeabrilliantidea.Iwasacceptedforamonth'splacementataforeignbankinKarachi.Igotafeelforhowtheworldoffinancefunctioned,madenewfriends,andgenerallyenjoyedthemostlyeasy­goingworksurroundings.Themonthpassedrapidly,andsoonIbeganworkingataleadinghospitalinKarachi.Theexperiencecouldn'thavebeenmoredifferent.Thehospitalhadanintenseenvironment.Thedaysstartedearly(at7am,comparedto9amatthebank),andwerefilledwithendlessduties.Andthenightcalls!Thiswascrazy,workingallday,throughthenight,andagainthenextday.Ibeganthinkingaboutmytwoexperiences.Thebankhadofferedamorerelaxingatmosphere,betterworkinghoursandlessstress.Thehospitalwasfullofexcitementandunpredictability,butthestudyingandtrainingwasdifficult.Itseemedthatthebusinessoptionwasgoingtowinout.Neartheendofmymonthatthehospital,Iwasdrivinghomeafteranespeciallybusynightcall.Infrontofmewasapublicbus,withcollegestudentssittingonthetop.Asthedriverweavedthrough(穿梭)traffic,Icouldseetheboysshakingfromsidetoside.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Suddenly,aboyfelloffthebackofthebus._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thenextday,whenIwenttohospitaltoseetheboy,allhisfamilygotup,withgratefulsmilesontheirfaces.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________