中考英语复习 句子成分 结构 讲义

第六-七讲句子成分、结构和类型学习内容教学目标1单词的词性分类识记单词的词性2基本的句子成分识记基本的句子成分3各类词性充当的句子成分判断不同词性的单词充当何种句子成分问题层级图：目标层级图：

课堂讲义词性的分类名词

(n.)student,China,family,milk代词(pron.)you,his,herself反身代词,these,what,everything形容词(adj.)good,afraid,important副词(adv.)soon,there,quite,carefully,always动词(vt.&vi.&vl.)study,come,forget,sleep,are,smell,become数词(num.)twohundred,fifth,onethird,threepercent介词(prep.)in,above,insteadof,during连词(conj.)so,both...and,until冠词(art.)a,an,the练习：请将方框中的单词按要求进行分类。desk,wonderful,seldom,finish,between,either…or,ourselves,map,that,twelve,with,leave,because,hardly,lunch,know,song,him,over,high,thirtieth,aswellas,deep,usually,ninth,keep,through,friendly,therefore,those,thousand,quickly,argue,if,above,lovely,nothing,bag,across名词：_________________________________________________________________________动词：_________________________________________________________________________代词：_________________________________________________________________________形容词：_______________________________________________________________________副词：_________________________________________________________________________介词：_________________________________________________________________________连词：_________________________________________________________________________数词：_________________________________________________________________________答案：名词：desk,map,lunch,song,bag动词：finish,leave,know,keep,argue代词：ourselves,him,that,those,nothing形容词：wonderful,high,deep,friendly,lovely副词：seldom,hardly,usually,quickly介词：between,with,over,through,above,across连词：either...or,because,aswellas,therefore,if数词：twelve,thirtieth,ninth,thousand句子成分定义：句子成分是句子的组成成分。根据词语在句子当中的地位和作用的不同，可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语等不同的成分。成分功能例句核心成分主语句子的主体，谓语动作的发出者Janeisgoodatmaths.Theyweresingingasong.谓语句子的核心，主语发出的行为Lilycanplaythepianowell.Hegetsupearly.宾语谓语动作的承受者Iboughtsomeflowersinthestore.Louishasmadetheviewclear.表语描述主语的身份或状态Tomisastudent.Wewerequiteexcitedwhenithappened.非核心成分定语修饰名词或代词Jennyisabeautifulmodel.Ihavegotsomethingimportanttotellyou.状语修饰动词、形容词或副词及句子Sheranveryquicklywhenshesawhermomyesterday.Unfortunately,hefailedtheinterview.补语对所修饰词进行补充说明Ifinditinterestingtolearnswimming.Wewillmakehimourleader.同位语解释名词或代词的具体内容He,thelittleboy,savedthegirlbravely.Theideaisclearthathumanbeingsaredamagingtheearth.练习：请判别出划线部分的句子成分。Thesecretofsuccessistokeeponworking.Timeismoney.MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek.Mygrandmotherwastiredwhensheclimbedthestairs.ThetallChinesegirlisspeakingtoherteacher.HisunclesingsEnglishsongsquitewell.Wehavetomakethehousecleanandtidybeforewemoveintoit.宾语补足语Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore.Whathereallymeantwastoputitintopractice.答案：1.主语2.表语3.谓语4.宾语5.定语6.状语7.补语8.补语9.主语三、各类词性在句中的用法成分词性主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语名词√√√√√√代词√√√√形容词√√√√副词√√√√动词√数词√√√√√√介词(短语)√√√√e.g.1.Igetannoyedwhensomeonetalkstomerudely.讲解：在该句中，I充当句子的主语，get是系动词充当谓语，annoyed为过去分词作表语。when之后是一个时间状语从句，在从句中someone是不定代词作主语，talks充当谓语动词，me为宾语，rudely则是副词修饰talks作了状语。2.Shefoundthebookexcitingandkeptreadingit.讲解：在该句中，she是句子的主语，found是谓语动词，thebook作宾语，exciting则充当宾语补足语,对book进行补充说明。and为连词，kept与found并列作谓语，reading是动名词作kept的宾语，it则是指代thebook又作read的宾语。练习：请判别出划线部分的句子成分。Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass. _________________________答案：状语解析：“课下我再回答你的问题。”“afterclass”做时间状语。Timeismoney. _________________________答案：表语解析：“时间就是金钱。”本句是主系表结构。Themansawathiefwalkingintothestore._________________________答案：补语解析：“这个人看见一个小偷走进了这家商店。”“walkingintothestore”做“saw”的补语。MyunclewillflytoThailandnextweek._________________________答案：谓语解析：本句是主谓宾状结构，“willfly”做句子的谓语。HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing._________________________答案：定语解析：of结构构成所属关系，意为“有关宫殿的照片”，所以做photo的定语。Hisdreamistobecomeascientist._________________________答案：表语解析：本句是主系表结构，不定式做句中的表语。Tomcametoaskmeforadvice. _________________________答案：补语解析：“汤姆跑来问我的意见。”由于“come”是不及物动词，所以不能直接加宾语，这里是接不定式来描述动作，所以不定式在此做补语，是对整个动作进行补充说明。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. _________________________答案：定语解析：形容词修饰不定代词放后面，“一些重要的事”，所以这里是做定语。Luckily,hewasn’tbadlyhurt. _________________________答案：状语解析：副词位于句首，修饰整个句子，这是状语的功能。IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish. _________________________答案：宾语解析：“我发现学习英语很重要。”此处是it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语。练习：请连词成句，并圈出谓语动词。thefish,we,ate,thismorning.解答：Weatethefishthismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,to解答:Marygavethebooktoherfather.smells,theflower,great解答：Theflowersmellsgreat.theman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket解答:Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.OrThemancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket.he,well,hishomework,does解答:Hedoeshishomeworkwell.showed,thebeautifulpictures,she,hermother解答：Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.heardme,when,he,heopenedthedoor,singingasong解答：Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.found,toswim,it,insuchcoldweather,she,terrible解答:Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.taught,thegreatimportance,ourteacher,us,ofprotectingtheearth解答:Ourteachertaughtusthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.clean,me,theroom,he,helped解答:Hehelpedmecleantheroom.练习：请分析下文中划线句子的成分。Twomenwerestandingatabar.Onemanturnedtotheotherandsaid,‘I’llbetyou$100thatIcanbitemylefteye.’Thewager(赌注)wasaccepted,andthemanpopped(突然挖出)outhisglasseyeandbitit.‘Now,’hesaid,‘Iwillgiveyouachancetowinyourmoneyback.Iwillbetyouanother$100thatIcanbitemyrighteye.’‘Hecan’thavetwoglasseyes.’thoughttheotherman,andheputdownhismoney.Thenthefirstmantookouthisfalseteethandbithisrighteye.答案：1.Twomen(主语)werestanding(谓语动词)atabar(介词短语作状语).Thewager(主语)wasaccepted(谓语动词).I(主语)willgive(谓语动词)you(间接宾语)achance(直接宾语)towinyourmoneyback(不定式作状语).He(主语)can’thave(谓语动词)twoglasseyes(宾语).Then(状语)thefirstman(主语)tookout(谓语动词)his(定语)falseteeth(宾语)and(连词)bit(谓语动词)his(定语)righteye(宾语).四、英语中的五种基本句型五种句型主语谓语其他成分主语+谓语Thechildrenslept.主语+谓语+宾语Ilikechattingonline.(宾语)主语+系动词+表语Sheisapolicewoman.(表语)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语SurfingtheInternetbringsme(间接宾语)muchfun.(直接宾语)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语WecancallhimJack.(宾语补足语)练习：判断下列句子属于何种类型并翻译为汉语。（3分钟）Timefliesby.Ican’tstandtheheat.IsentyouanE-mail.Itcostmethreedollars.Oneofmyoldfriendsdied.Youcanleavethedooropen.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Hedoeshishomeworkwell.Wewerefrightenedatthattime.Shelooksexcitedtoday.答案：1.主谓结构；时光飞逝 2.主谓宾结构；我受不了这热度 3.主谓双宾结构；我给你寄了一封电子邮件 4.主谓双宾结构；它花了我三美金 5.主谓结构；我的一个老朋友过世了 6.主谓宾+宾补；你可以让门开着 7.主谓宾+宾补；老师们会让你的英语变得更好 8.主谓宾结构；他做作业做得很好 9.主系表结构；我们那时很害怕10.主系表结构；她今天看上去很兴奋补充：本节课讨论了英语中简单句的五种基本句型，而掌握句型的关键在于掌握动词的用法。英语中的动词分为系动词、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾语动词及复合宾语动词，掌握了动词的用法，就能准确判断句子的基本结构。动词种类对应句型系动词(be,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,get,become,turn,grow等)主语+系动词+表语不及物动词(run,work,sleep,die,listen,talk,sit,fly,sit,lie等)主语+谓语及物动词(like,want,buy,borrow,sell,know,take,save,prefer等行为动词)主语+谓语+宾语双宾语动词(send,buy,give,show,bring,lend,hand,promise,teach,offer,pass,make等)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语复合宾语动词(call,think,elect,make,find,leave,see,hear,watch,notice,catch等)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语e.g.1.Sheshowedhermotherthebeautifulpictures.(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)=Sheshowedthebeautifulpicturestohermother.2.WeelectedhimpresidentoftheStudents’Union.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)总结：区分句子是‘主谓双宾’结构还是‘主谓宾+宾补’结构，主要看谓语之后的两个成分是否可以互换位置。跟在双宾语之后的两个宾语是可以互换的，而宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明，因此不能和宾语互换位置。练习1：将下列单词组合成语序正确的句子，并判断出是何种句型结构。（2分钟）thefish,we,ate,thismorning.gave,thebook,Mary,herfather,tosmells,theflower,greatthebaby,soundly,sleeping,wastheman,stealing,theboy,caught,themilk,inthesupermarket答案：1.Weatethefishthismorning./Thismorningweatethefish.主谓宾结构Marygavethebooktoherfather.主谓双宾结构Theflowersmellsgreat.主系表结构Thebabywassleepingsoundly.主谓结构Themancaughttheboystealingthemilkinthesupermarket./Theboycaughtthemanstealingthemilkinthesupermarket.主谓宾+宾补练习2：判断出下列句型是‘主谓双宾’结构还是‘主谓宾+宾补’结构，并将‘主谓双宾’结构的句子进行改写。（2分钟）Shefounditterribletoswiminsuchcoldweather.Shedidmeafavor.Hesoldsomecurtainmaterialstome.Heheardmesingingasongwhenheopenedthedoor.答案：1.主谓宾+宾补 2.主谓双宾；Shedidafavorforme.3.主谓双宾;Hesoldmesomecurtainmaterials. 4.主谓宾+宾补（第7次课）分析句子成分的高级运用练习：请分析下列句子的成分，说明各个成分的词性。（4分钟）IwanthertoknowthatmydressisratherprettyandthatIwouldliketowearitattheparty.Weweretaughtthegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Thetallmanisshowinghissonhowtoplanttreesbecausehehasagardeninthehouse.MyteacheradvisedmetoreadEnglishnewspapereverydaytoimprovemypronunciation.答案：I(人称代词作主语)want(行为动词充当谓语)her(人称代词作宾语)toknow(不定式作宾补)that(宾语从句连词)mydress(名词作主语)is(系动词)rather(副词做状语)pretty(形容词作表语)and(并列连词)that(宾语从句连词)I(人称代词作主语)wouldlike(动词短语作谓语)towearit(不定式作宾语)attheparty(介词短语作状语).We(人称代词作主语)weretaught(谓语动词的被动语态)thegreatimportanceofprotectingtheearth(直接宾语).Thetall(形容词作定语)man(名词作主语)isshowing(谓语动词)hisson(间接宾语)howtoplanttrees(直接宾语)because(原因状语从句连词)he(人称代词作主语)has(行为动词充当谓语)agarden(名词作宾语)inthehouse(介词短语作状语).My(人称代词作定语)teacher(名词作主语)advised(行为动词充当谓语)me(人称代词作宾语)toreadEnglishnewspaper(不定式作宾补)everyday(时间状语)toimprovemypronunciation(不定式作目的状语).六、简单句、并列句和复合句1.简单句只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子1)Iamreadingabook.2)Iamreadingabookinthelibrary.3)Iamreadinganinterestingstorybookinthelibrarywithfullattention.2.并列句(1)并列句的常见连词两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and,but,or等并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。常见连词关系意义and并列，对称“和”but并列或选择“或者”、“否则”、“要不然”or转折“但是”e.g.Ilikeactionmoviesbutdon'tlikethrillers.我喜欢动作片，但不喜欢恐怖片。Hurryuporyou'llbelate.快点，否则你要迟到了。注意：连词可连接两个谓语动词，两个短语，两个分句，但所连接的两个成分必须一致，绝不能一个是词，另一个是句子。e.g.Hecameinandsatdownnearawindow.他进来坐在了靠窗户的座位。Ilikeredandorange.我喜欢红色和橙色。Heisn'tmybrotherormyfriend.他不是我兄弟也不是我朋友。Ilikeplayingfootballandswimming.我喜欢踢足球喜欢游泳。(2)其他连词关系并列andboth...andaswellasnotonly...but(also)neither...nor转折but选择oreither...or...not...but...orelse因果forso/sothattherefore对比while时间and递进notonly...butalsoneither...nore.g.Shenotonlysingsbutalsodances. (并列)Thefilmisnotperfect,still,it'sgood. (转折)Takethechance,orelseyouwillregretit. (选择)I'dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain. (因果)总结：1、一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词。2、再有谓语动词的话可以用连词连接两个谓语，或用连词连接两个简单句，形成并列句。3、依据两个简单句之间的关系选择合适的连词。(3)特殊的并列句a.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。b.祈使句+or+一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。e.g.Givemeachance,andIwillgiveyouasurprise.给我一个机会，我会还你一个奇迹。Don'tmove,oryouwillbedead.别动，否则你就死定了。练习1：选出正确答案。（1分钟）1.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.A.or B.and C.for D.but2.Bequick,_____we’llbelateforclass.A.or B.so C.and D.but3.Comealittleearliernexttime,_____you’llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.A.and B.but C.or D.till答案：BAC判断并列句的步骤：第一步：句子中有N＞1个谓语动词。第二步：判断连词不是连接两个谓语动词。第三步：判断并列句之间的关系，选择合适连词。练习2：选出正确答案。（3分钟）1.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch.A.so B.or C.and D.but2.—Didn’tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather’sDay?—Oh,notonlymyfather,_____mygrandpagotredroses.A.or B.and C.but D.until3.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.or B.but C.so D.and4.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____failed.A.or B.so C.but D.because5._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Either;orNoneoftheshoesintheshopsaretherightsize.Theyare_____toobig_____toosmall.D----CA.both;and B.neither;nor C.either;or D.notonly;butalso7.“Areyougoingtoeathere____takeitaway?”askedthewaiter.A.and B.so C.or D.but8.Motherwasill,_____Fathercookedforusinstead.A.but B.or C.so D.and9.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.A.so B.and C.but D.for答案：1-5CCBCD6-9CCCA2.复合句复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句构成。从句只用作句子一个成分，不能独立。依据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句，形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。e.g.Youboughtthebook.Ilikeit.简单句YouboughtthebookyesterdayandIlikeit.并列句，并列两个简单句Ilikethebookthatyouboughtyesterday.定语从句Hetreatedhisdaughterbetterintheprocess,whichmadeothersunhappy.定语从句Itisanimportantpointthatheisadoctorhimself.主语从句Shesaidthatitwasreallyeasy.宾语从句Thetruthisthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungasfivemonthsold.表语从句Thereislittledoubtthatyouwillbeabletojudgetruthanderror[ifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself].同位语从句+状语从句Pleasedon’tputtheknifewherethekidcangetit.状语从句小结：1、复合句中，从句从属于主句，不能独立。2、从句充当什么句子成分就是什么从句。判断复合句步骤：第一步：句子中有N＞1个谓语动词。第二步：句子不是并列句第三步：判断从句是否充当句子成分（主，宾，同，表，定，状）。练习：判断下列句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句。（5分钟）Ilikepopularmusic.Thegirllaughedinherroom.Theplanecrashedandkilledall200peopleaboard.Hewasadoptedwhenhewas13.Weofferedhimourcongratulations.Ican’tstandstayingathomealldaylong.Hedidn’tlikebananasorapples.IwillgoandIhopeyoucangowithme.Ihaveabookwhichmyfatherboughtforme.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Awomansawithappenwhenshewaswalkingpast.Peoplepreservefruitwhenitisinseasonsothattheywillbeabletoeatitalltheyearround.Youneverknowwhatyoucandotillyoutry.Thunderisthenoisethatairmakeswhenlightningjumpsthroughit.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsnameifitdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.PleasetellthepresidentoftheuniversitythatI’mverygratefultotheprofessorsandstudentsforarrangingthisvisitandforthewarmwelcomeIhavereceivedhereandthatwhenIgobacktomycountryIwillcertainlytellmypeopleallaboutmyvisithere.答案：简单句：1235610 并列句：7，8，16and连接两个宾语从句复合句：4,9,11,12,13,14,15,16 课堂检测一、判断下列单词的词性（5分钟）however,some,of,the,have,bent,should,million,seem,a,therefore,sufficient,consultant,readily,big,moreover,where,behave,limp,tramp,an,trillion,must,yes,over,billion,function,can,remain,herevt.____________________________________________________________vi.____________________________________________________________lv.____________________________________________________________n.____________________________________________________________adj.____________________________________________________________adv.____________________________________________________________prep.___________________________________________________________pron.___________________________________________________________conj.___________________________________________________________art.____________________________________________________________num.___________________________________________________________mv.____________________________________________________________答案：vt. have,behave,tramp,vi. behave,limp,tramp,functionlv. seem,remainn. million,consultant,limp,tramp,trillion,yes,over,billion,function,canadj. some,bent,million,sufficient,big,limp,trillion,over,billionadv. however,some,therefore,readily,big,moreover,where,yes,over,hereprep. of,overpron. some,whereconj. however,whereart. the,a,annum. million,trillion,billionmv. should,must,can二、判断划线部分的句子成分。（4分钟）Isleptverybadlylastnight.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Hehandedmethenewspaper.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Myfatherpaintedmybookcasepink.Hewasseentocomein.HefoundEnglishimportant.Hisjobisadoctor.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.答案：主谓状状SV主谓宾SVO主谓宾状SVO谓（助动词部分）主谓（实意动词部分）宾定定SVO主谓宾宾SVOO谓（助动词部分）主谓（实意动词部分）宾定定SVO主谓宾补SVOC主谓补SVC主谓宾补SVOC主系表SVP状主感叹句表谓主状表示存在意义的句型三、词形转换（9分钟）(A)Duringthesummerdaysmymotherbuiltherfireintheshadowofourcabin.Intheearlymorning____1____(we)simplebreakfastwasspreaduponthegrass.Themorningmealwasourquiethour.Atnoon,several____2____(whom)chancedtobepassingbystoppedtorest,andtoshareourluncheonwithus.Ilovedbesttheeveningmeal,forthatwasthetimeoldstoriesweretold.Iwasalwaysgladwhenthesunhunglowinthewest,forthenmymothersentmetoinvitetheneighboringoldpeopletoeatsupperwithus."Yes,yes,____3____(glad)Ishallcome!"eachreplied.Mymissiondone,Iranback,skippingandjumpingwith____4____(delightful).AtthearrivalofourguestsIsatclosetomymother,anddidnotleaveherside.Iatemysupperinquiet,listening____5____(patient)tothetalkoftheoldpeople,wishingallthetimethattheywouldbeginthestories.Atlast,whenIcouldnotwaitanylonger,Iwhisperedinmymother'sear,"AskthemtotellanIktomistory,mother."Thenmymothersaidaloud,"Mylittledaughteris____6____(anxiety)tohearyourstories."Aseachinturnbegantotellalegend,Ipillowedmyheadinmymother'slap;andlyingflatuponmyback,Iwatchedthestarsonebyone.Theincreasing____7____(interested)ofthetalearousedme,andIsatupeagerlylisteningforeveryword.Theoldwomenmadefunnyremarks,andlaughedso____8____(heart)thatIcouldnothelpjoiningthem.答案：1.erest8.heartily(B)The43rdU.S.presidentGeorgeW.Bushsteppedbackintothespotlightwhenalibraryandmuseumas____1____(dedicate)tohimopenedtothepubliconMay1.theGeorgeW.BushPresidentialLibraryandMuseumisdedicatedonthecampusofSouthernMethodistUniversityinDallas,Texas.Thelibraryandmuseumis____2____(plenty)withexhibitsonthe____3____(history)events.“About3000,000visitorsareexpected”,saidthelibraryandmuseumspokesman.Presidentiallibrariesarenotlibrariesinthe____4____(tradition)sense.PeoplecannotgototheGeorgeW.BushPresidentiallibrarytocheckoutabook.Theyarefacilitiesthatpreservedocumentsanditemsofapresidentandhisactofgoverning.Whateverispreservedatapresidentiallibraryisavailabletothepublictoseeandstudybecausepresidentiallibrariesarepublic____5____(proper)belongingtotheAmericanpeople.ThePresidentiallibrarysystembeganin1939whenPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,duringhissecondterminoffice,donatedhispersonalandpresidentialpaperstothe____6____(govern).Upuntilthatpoint,presidentialpapersweredestroyed,soldforprofit,ruinedbypoor____7____(store)conditions,orweresimplylosttothehistory.Rooseveltbelievedthatpresidentialdocumentswereanimportantpartofthenation’s____8____(heritable).HealsodonatedapotionofhisestateinHydePARK,NewYork,wherehislibraryandmuseumwouldbebuilt.Thisbeganatraditionthatwouldcarryonwitheverypresidentthatfollowed.答案：1.ernment7.storage8.heritage四、改错（9分钟）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误）,则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。(A)Newresearchhasfound,backgroundmusiccanreduceyourabletoperform1.memorytasks.Studyparticipateswereaskedtorecallalistofeightlettersinthe2.ordertheywerepresented.Theydidthisinfivedifferencesoundenvironments:3.quietsurroundings;music

theyliked;musictheydisliked;changedstate;and4.steadystate.

Theparticipants’recallabilitywasthepoorestwhenlisteningmusic5.regardlessoftheylikedordislikedit,andinchanging-stateconditions.Themost6.accuracyrecalloccurredwhenparticipantsperformedthetaskinsteady-state7.environments,accordingtostudy

publishedonlineinthejournalApplied8.CognitivePsychology.“Whenperformingachallengingmentaltask,doin9.silent.”saidleadingresearcherNickPerham.10.答案：1.able→ability2.participates→participants3.difference→different4.√5.listening∧music插入to6.of∧they插入whether7.accuracy→accurate8.to∧study插入the9.do∧in插入it10.silent→silence(B)Awomanwaswaitingatairportonenight.Shehuntedforabook,boughtabag1.ofcookiesandfoundaplacetosit.Shewasabsorbedherbookbuthappenedto2.seethatthemansittingbesideshegrabbedacookieortwofromthebaginbetween3.them.Shetriedtoignoreit.Asthegreedilycookiethiefkepteating,shemunched4.somecookiesandwatchedtheclock.Shewasgettingangrierastimewent,when5.onlyonewasleft,shewonderedhewoulddo.Withasmileonhisface,and6.nervouslaugh,hetookthelastcookieandbrokeinhalf.Heofferedherahalf,7.andatetheother.Shegrabbedit,madoveronhisnotshowinganygratitude.8.Havingboardedtheplane,shesankinherseat,lookingfortheirbook.Shefound9.herbagofcookiesinstead.“Ifmineishere,hetriedtosharehis!HowrudeIwas!”10.答案：1.at∧airport插入an2.absorbed∧her插入in3.she→her4.greedily→greedy5.went∧,插入by6.wondered∧he插入what7.broke∧in插入it8.on9.their→her10.√五、改错：（5分钟）I

like

reading

my

brother

likes

watching

TV.Mary

was

a

nice

girl,

butshe

had

one

shortcoming.Tom

got

up

early,

he

failed

to

catch

the

train.Becausehe

has

a

bad

coldsohe

is

not

at

school

today.My

sister

is

expecting

me，I

must

be

off

now.Youmustbecareful,youcrossamainroad.Hewentouttoplayfootballhehadfinishedhishomework.IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersnoonecanbeatthem.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.答案：1.错，reading∧my插入and/but/while；2.对；3.

错，early,

∧he插入but/yet4.错，去掉because或者so;5.me,∧I插入so6.错；careful,∧you插入when7.错；football∧he插入after8.√9.错，players∧no插入that；10.√课后作业判断下列单词的词性。zone,a,theirs,scarcely,with,vivid,could,three,look,iftense,would,others,ninth,at,severe,the,extremely,million,whileradiation,myself,absolutely,offend,oh,taste,expand,delay,an,might名词(n.):______________________________________________________________________代词(pron.):___________________________________________________________________形容词(adj.):__________________________________________________________________副词(adv.):____________________________________________________________________及物动词(vt.):_________________________________________________________________不及物动词(vi.):_______________________________________________________________系动词(l.v.):__________________________________________________________________情态动词(m.v.):_______________________________________________________________数词(num.):___________________________________________________________________冠词(art.):_____________________________________________________________________介词(prep.):___________________________________________________________________连词(conj.):___________________________________________________________________感叹词(interj.):_________________________________________________________________答案：名词(n.):zone,look,tense,while,radiation,taste,delay,might代词(pron.):theirs,others,myself形容词(adj.):vivid,tense,severe副词(adv.):scarcely,extremely,absolutely及物动词(vt.):tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,不及物动词(vi.):look,tense,offend,taste,expand,delay,系动词(l.v.):look,taste,情态动词(m.v.):could,would,might数词(num.):three,ninth,million冠词(art.):a,the,an,介词(prep.):with,at连词(conj.):if,while感叹词(interj.):oh判断划线部分的句子成分。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.Theyappointedhimmanager.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.Idonotknowwhattodonext.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.Contrarytoourexpectation,thefunfairwasorganizedtenyearsago.Therearetwogirlsandaboyrunningontheplayground.Hisparentshaveworkedinthefactoryformorethantenyears.答案：主语谓语状语主语系动词表语主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语主语状语谓语间接宾语直接宾语定语状语主语谓语状语表语系动词主语定语主语谓语状语状语词性转换。(A)Ihateddinnerparties.ButImadea(1)__________(decide)togivethemanothertrybecauseI’minLondon.AndmyfriendMallery(2)__________(invitation)me.AndbecausethedinnerpartiesinLondonarevery(3)__________(difference)fromthoseinNewYork.InNewYork,“I’mhavingadinnerparty”means“I’mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucould(4)__________(hard)affordandwe’llbesharingthecheck(5)__________(even),whateveryoueat.”Worse,inManhattan,thereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They’llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,the(6)__________(host)willshout:“Whereareyougoing?”Andit’snotlikethatIcan’tsayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowsIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople’shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsarean(7)__________(interest)mix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themixislikea(8)__________(gather)atBloomingdale’s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.(9)__________(person),IthinkdinnerpartiesinLondonaremore(10)__________(impress)thanthis.答案：decisioninviteddifferenthardlyevenlyhostessinterestinggatheringPersonallyimpressive(B)Severalfactorsledtomy(1)__________(recently)caraccident.Firstofall,a(2)__________(heavily)snowandfreezingrainthathadfallenthedaybeforemadetheroadIwasdrivingondangerous.Theroadhadbeencleared,butitwasstill(3)__________(dangerous)icy.Despitetheslipperyroad,Iwas(4)__________(stupid)goingalongatabout50milesanhour,insteadofdrivingmore(5)__________(cautious).Anotherfactorwasa(6)__________(dirt)greenvanthat(7)__________(sudden)pulledontothero