(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专练33 概要写作内涵转换策略(解析版)

备战2021届题型专练（新高考）33概要写作内涵转换策略【概要写作语言优化攻略】概要写作的评分原则之一是“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，即要用自己的语言表述原文要点，不能照抄原文的语句。同时各要点之间应注意利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，使所写的句子连贯流畅。一、优化你的语言1.替换单词、短语在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。①利用同义词(短语)或近义词(短语)代替原文单词或短语。②将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。2.调整句式除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。二、恰当过渡衔接概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。3种使上下文连贯的衔接手段①词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。②逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如besides,inaddition,therefore等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。③语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。替代：用代词替代前面的名词(短语)和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。【策略演示】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2019年6月，浙江高考)Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowheneq\a\vs4\al(parentstendedtobemorestrict).”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.eq\a\vs4\al(Toomuchpraisecanbackfire)and,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.eq\a\vs4\al(Notgivingenoughpraise)eq\a\vs4\al(canbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch).Kidswillfeellikeeq\a\vs4\al(they'renot)eq\a\vs4\al(goodenoughorthatyoudon'tcare)and,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythateq\a\vs4\al(thequality)eq\a\vs4\al(ofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity).Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcaneq\a\vs4\al(giveitasoftenasyour)eq\a\vs4\al(childdoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward).“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthateq\a\vs4\al(matters).”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.eq\a\vs4\al(Praisingtheeffortandnot)eq\a\vs4\al(theoutcome)canalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase­by­casebasisandbeproportionateeq\a\vs4\al(相称的totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit).__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路点拨】第1步读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文是议论文，提出当前父母对孩子进行过度赞扬和不表扬是同样有害的，正确的做法是找到其闪光点进行适度的表扬，以培养其自信乐观的心态。文章四个自然段，就是4个意义段，对应4个要点。第一段：指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段：对孩子的表扬不足同样有害。第三段：对孩子的表扬要恰当而且适时。第四段：关注孩子的努力，不必太过关注结果。第2步去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键词，其他则为次要信息。第3步归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：①第一段主题句可归纳为要点1：该要点中的“theopposite”可利用同义表达改为contraryto；“stayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem”(指的是父母对孩子过度表扬而设定的目标)可转换为unrealisticgoals。②第二段主题句可归纳为要点2：该要点中的“Notgivingenoughpraise”可转换为inadequatepraise;“they'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcare”可转换为theyarenotdoingwellortheyareignored。第4步句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词、定语从句和名词性从句，归纳整合要点。要点1指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长，而要点2说明对孩子的表扬不足同样有害，由此前两个要点为转折关系，可利用however衔接；第3个要点说明要给予恰当适时的表扬，由此可知该要点与前两个要点是因果关系可利用therefore衔接；第3个要点中的恰当适时的表扬与第4个要点中的表扬努力为并列关系，可利用表“并列，顺承”的过渡衔接词汇，如besides,additionally等。【参考范文】Contrarytothepast,someparentsarelikelytooverpraisetheirkids,makingthemfeelgivenunrealisticgoals.(要点1)eq\a\vs4\al(However)，othersgivetheirkidsinadequatepraise,whichgivesthemafalseideathattheyarenotdoingwellortheyareignored.(要点2)eq\a\vs4\al(Therefore)，praisingthemproperlyandpunctuallyisdefinitelyfavorable.(要点3)eq\a\vs4\al(Additionally)，todosoparentsareadvisedtofocusontheirkids'effortinsteadoftheresult.(要点4)【题型演练】1阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Until2017,theEmperorpenguinwaslistedasLeastConcernbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature,butasof2018,theyarelistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheyarepredictedtosufferamoderatelyrapidpopulationdeclineoverthenextthreegenerationsowingtotheeffectsofclimatechange.Thenumberonethreattotheirsurvivalisglobalwarming.Here’showithasaffectedEmperorpenguinsandwhatweshoulddo.Adecreaseintheamountofseaiceformation,whichiscausedbyclimatechange,impactsthefutureoftheEmperorpenguin.ManyEmperorpenguinsbreedoniceshelvesthatonlyformduringtheAntarcticwinter.Therehavebeentimesinrecentyearswhentheiceshelveshavemeltedbackfasterorsoonerthanusual.Manyofthechickshaven’tcompletelyfledged(长出飞羽)intotheirwaterprooffeathersbythetimetheicemeltsbacktotheirhabitats,andtheyareforcedintothecoldoceanwaters,wheretheydieofcoldexposureordrowning.Onethingthatlessseaicedefinitelyaffectsisfoodforthepenguins.Oneoftheirfoodsourcesiskrill(磷虾),andthesea-iceshelvesserveasanurseryforthekrill.Thenewly-bornkrillfeedonthealgae(水藻)thatgrowontheundersideoftheseaice.Whenthereislessseaice,thereislessalgaeforthekrilltofeedon,andconsequentlylesskrillisproduced.Measuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheseanimals.PeoplecandonatetoorganizationsthatareworkingtoprotectEmperorpenguinsandotherpenguinspecies,andouroceansingeneral.Reducingyourimpactontheenvironment,inparticular,issomethingyoucando—youcanmakethesetinychangestoloweryourcarbonfootprinteveryday.Youcanalsobemindfulaboutreducingseafoodconsumptionandeatingsustainablycaughtseafood,asoverfishingisthesecondgreatestthreattonearlyeverypenguinspeciestoday.Also,avoidusingsupplementsandotherproductsthatcontainkrillorkrilloil.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Since2018,EmperorpenguinshavebeenlistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheirpopulationtendstodeclineduetotheeffectsofglobalwarming.(要点1)Globalwarmingdecreasestheamountoftheiceformationintheirhabitats.Asaresult,thechicksareforcedintothecoldoceanbeforetheygrowstrongenough(要点2),andtheirfoodsourceisalsoinfluenced(要点3).Sopeopleshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem(要点4).【写作分析】本文是说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖导致皇帝企鹅面临生存危机，人们应该采取措施保护他们，保护大自然。1.要点摘录①Until2017,theEmperorpenguinwaslistedasLeastConcernbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature,butasof2018,theyarelistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheyarepredictedtosufferamoderatelyrapidpopulationdeclineoverthenextthreegenerationsowingtotheeffectsofclimatechange.②Adecreaseintheamountofseaiceformation,whichiscausedbyclimatechange,impactsthefutureoftheEmperorpenguin.Manyofthechickshaven’tcompletelyfledged(长出飞羽)intotheirwaterprooffeathersbythetimetheicemeltsbacktotheirhabitats,andtheyareforcedintothecoldoceanwaters,wheretheydieofcoldexposureordrowning.③Onethingthatlessseaicedefinitelyaffectsisfoodforthepenguins.④Measuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheseanimals.2.缜密构思将第1要点自2018年以来，皇帝企鹅被列为近危物种，原因是全球气候变暖进行压缩，将第2、3两个要点全球气候变暖，其对皇帝企鹅的影响体现在两方面进行整合，应在这两点之间增加表并列的关联词and,合并这两个要点。要点4和前面的内容有因果关系，故用so或者therefore连接，使得上下文连贯、紧凑。3.遣词造句Since2018,EmperorpenguinshavebeenlistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheirpopulationtendstodeclineduetotheeffectsofglobalwarming.Globalwarmingdecreasestheamountoftheiceformationintheirhabitats.Asaresult,thechicksareforcedintothecoldoceanbeforetheygrowstrongenoughandtheirfoodsourceisalsoinfluenced.Sopeopleshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem.【范文点评】[高分句型1]Since2018,EmperorpenguinshavebeenlistedasNear-Threatenedbecausetheirpopulationtendstodeclineduetotheeffectsofglobalwarming.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中because引导的原因状语从句、dueto短语的使用表达高级。[高分句型2]：Asaresult,thechicksareforcedintothecoldoceanbeforetheygrowstrongenoughandtheirfoodsourceisalsoinfluenced.用before引导时间状语从句对第二段进行了概括，还用了asaresult短语表达非常高级。[高分句型3]：Sopeopleshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem.用so引导句子对上文进行衔接同时概括了第四段内容。同时还用了比较高级短语takeactiontodosth.（采取措施做某事）。2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要Fromthehealthpointofview,wearelivinginawonderfulage,immunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseasesandfreedfromtheoncedeadlyillnessesthankstomoderndrugsandsurgery.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreater,everydaywewitnesstheunbelievablekillingsofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosingagainstthecar.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthecaroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindawheel.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsanddisappointmentsseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilesgentlyonthedriverandseemstoforgivehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitable（不宜居住的）becauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisruinedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualdeathsbecomesnothingbutanumber,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.Itishightimeruleswerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstricttestsforsafety;presentdrinkinganddrivinglawsshouldbemademuchstricter;maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldberequiredonallroads.Thesemeasuresmaysoundstrict.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannuallossofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notcars.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Despitethefactthatwearenowlivingahealthylife,weshouldinnocaseignorecaraccidentswhichkillashockinglylargenumberofpeopleannually.Thereasonsforthetragediesaredrivers'disrespectforhumanlifeandsociety’stolerancefortheirselfishbehavior.Totrytoavoidsuchameaninglesswasteofhumanlife,severemeasuresconcerningdrivers,vehiclesandtrafficlawsandrulesshouldbetakenimmediately.【写作分析】本文是一篇议论文。由机动车带来的事故给社会带来了巨大的伤亡和伤害，文章认为导致这一悲剧的原因是车辆驾驶员对生命的不尊重以及社会对司机的容忍。最后给出了一系列严格的建议措施。1.要点摘录①.Fromthehealthpointofview,wearelivinginawonderfulage。②.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.③.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.④.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilesgentlyonthedriverandseemstoforgivehisbehavior.⑤.Itishightimeruleswerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.⑥.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;⑦.Allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstricttestsforsafety;⑧.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawsshouldbemademuchstricter;⑨.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldberequiredonallroads.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将第3、4两个要点进行整合重组；将第5、6、7、8、9五个要点进行整合重组。3.遣词造句①Despitethefactthatwearenowlivingahealthylife,weshouldinnocaseignorecaraccidentswhichkillashockinglylargenumberofpeopleannually.②Thereasonsforthetragediesaredrivers'disrespectforhumanlifeandsociety’stolerancefortheirselfishbehavior.③Totrytoavoidsuchameaninglesswasteofhumanlife,severemeasuresconcerningdrivers,vehiclesandtrafficlawsandrulesshouldbetakenimmediately.【范文点评】[高分句型1]：Despitethefactthatwearenowlivingahealthylife,weshouldinnocaseignorecaraccidentswhichkillashockinglylargenumberofpeopleannually.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。that引导的同位语从句概括了第一句的内容，which引导的定语从句概括了第二、三句的内容。主句“weshouldinnocaseignorecaraccidents”则对最后一句的观点进行合理转化。[高分句型2]：Totrytoavoidsuchameaninglesswasteofhumanlife,severemeasuresconcerningdrivers,vehiclesandtrafficlawsandrulesshouldbetakenimmediately.一个复杂的简单句概括了原文最后一段的所有内容。首先，用不定式作目的状语概括了第一句的内容；其次，用现在分词结构“concerningdrivers,vehiclesandtrafficlawsandrules”作后置定语修饰“severemeasures”概括了本段剩余的全部内容。3阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whichismoreenvironmentallyfriendly,paperorplastic?TherewasatimewhenatriptothesupermarketintheUnitedStatesoftenendedwithasimplequestionfromthecashier:"Paperorplastic?"Thecustomersknewitmeans"Whichtypeofbagwouldyouchoose?"Whilealltypesofbagshavesomeinfluenceontheenvironment,ithaslongbeensupposedthatpaperbagsarekinder.Theyaremadefromarenewablesource,breakdowneasily,burnwithoutgivingoffthicksmokeandcanberecycled.However,theproducingprocessbehindpaperbagsusesmoreenergythanthatofplasticones.Studiesshowthatpaperbagproductionrequiresfourtimesasmuchenergyasplasticbagproduction.Andtheamountofwaterusedtomakethemistwentytimeshigher.Besides,theinfluenceonforestsisveryserious.Ittakesaboutfourteenmilliontreestoproducetenbillionpaperbags,whichhappenstobethenumberofbagsusedintheUnitedStatesyearly.Intermsofrecycling,theideathatpaperbagsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanplasticonescanbequicklydiscarded.Researchshowsitrequiresabout98%lessenergytorecycleplasticthanitdoespaper.Eventhoughpaperbagsmightbemoreharmfulthanplasticones,plasticstillseemstobeconsideredbygovernmentsasthemoreharmfulofthetwo.InIreland,forexample,ataxhasbeenintroducedtodiscouragetheuseofplasticbags.Peoplehavetopay22centsforeveryplasticbag,andasaresult,theirusehasdroppedquickly.There’snodoubtthatitmakesmoresensetoreusethesebags.However,wedon’tseemtobedoingthatatpresent.Thatmaybebecausetheyfallapartquickly.Ifso,clothbagsareabetterchoice,butstill,theirproductionalsohasabadinfluenceontheenvironment.Sowhattodo?Howshouldweanswerthequestionof"Paperorplastic?"Itseemsthatwefirstneedtoaskourselvesonemoregeneralquestion:"WhatcanIdotohelptheenvironment?"__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Paperbagshavelongbeenthoughttobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanplasticonesbecauseoftherenewableadvantage.Butresearchesargue/indicatethatpaperbagsmayconsumemoreenergy.Sincemorewaterisusedtoproducepaperbagsandhugenumbersoftreesarecutdowntomakepaperbags,weareremindedtothinkofmorewaystoprotecttheenvironment.【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文将纸袋和塑料袋进行了一系列的对比，发现纸袋并不环保。众所周知，塑料袋对环境的危害很大，而可循环利用的布袋子则是一个更好的方法，但布袋的生产制作也不免对环境造成影响，最后作者提出一个问题：我们该如何保护环境？1要点摘录①Whilealltypesofbagshavesomeinfluenceontheenvironment,ithaslongbeensupposedthatpaperbagsarekinder.②Theyaremadefromarenewablesource,breakdowneasily,burnwithoutgivingoffthicksmokeandcanberecycled.③Studiesshowthatpaperbagproductionrequiresfourtimesasmuchenergyasplasticbagproduction.④Theamountofwaterusedtomakethemistwentytimeshigher.⑤Ittakesaboutfourteenmilliontreestoproducetenbillionpaperbags.⑥Itseemsthatwefirstneedtoaskourselvesonemoregeneralquestion:"WhatcanIdotohelptheenvironment?"2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Paperbagshavelongbeenthoughttobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanplasticonesbecauseoftherenewableadvantage.Researchesargue/indicatethatpaperbagsmayconsumemoreenergy.Morewaterisusedtoproducepaperbagsandhugenumbersoftreesarecutdowntomakepaperbags.Weareremindedtothinkofmorewaystoprotecttheenvironment.【范文点评】[高分句型1]Paperbagshavelongbeenthoughttobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanplasticonesbecauseoftherenewableadvantage.运用比较级形式对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中现在完成时的被动语态表达高级。[高分句型2]：Butresearchesargue/indicatethatpaperbagsmayconsumemoreenergy.用that引导宾语从句对第四段进行了概括，表达高级。4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Therearesomeimportantregulationsparentscantaketomakesuretheirkidsusecellphonesinasafeandresponsibleway.Whenkidsknowwhattheconsequencesarewhenrulesaren’tfollowed,thatmakeslifemorepredictableforthem.Mostkidsarenotpayingfortheircellphonesortheircellphoneplans,soifyoupayforit,youownit,whichmeansyouhavetherighttotakeitawayanytimeiftheydisobeytherulesyousetupearlier.Afterakidhasacellphone,suddenlyparentsdiscoverdatarunsouthalfwaythroughthemonth.Thiscangetexpensiveandyourkidsneedtoknowhowtomonitortheiruse.Also,teencellphoneaddictionshouldbelimited.Generally,it’sagoodideatohavenocellphonepolicywhiletheyaredoinghomeworkandatbedtime.Cometoagreementinadvanceaboutwhattheyareandaren’tallowedtodownloadontheircellphone.Therearesomereallybadappsforkidsthatyoudon’twantontheirphones.Makesureyourkidsunderstandhowtosetuptheirprivacy.Talkwiththemaboutwhyguardingtheirprivacyissoimportant.Manyteenstrulyhavenoconceptabouteverythingthatacellphonecanshareaboutthemincludingpersonalinformationandtheirlocation.Youwanttocoverwhatisandisn’tappropriatetoshareviaacellphone.Thisdefinitelymeansphotosandlanguageusedinemailsandonsocialmedia.Butdon’tforgetsimplerthingslikeprovidingtheiraddress,theirageorwhatschooltheygotoonline.Lastly,therearetimesandplaceswhenusingone’scellphoneisnotappropriate.Inmovietheatersorduringclasstimeatschoolthephoneshouldbeonsilentandputaway.Additionally,whensomeoneishavingafacetofaceconversationwiththem,theyneedtobelookingattheperson,nottheirphone.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Parentscanmakerulestoguidetheirkidstousecellphonessafelyandresponsibly.(要点1)First,parentshavetherighttodeterminehowtousecellphonesbecausetheyownthem.(要点2)Besides,parentsshouldteachkidstousecellphoneswisely.(要点3)Lastly,itisimportanttomakesuretheyknowhowtoprotecttheirprivacy.Meanwhile,whenandwheretousecellphonesshouldalsobetold.(要点4)【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。1要点摘录①Therearesomeimportantregulationsparentscantaketomakesuretheirkidsusecellphonesinasafeandresponsibleway.②soifyoupayforit,youownit,whichmeansyouhavetherighttotakeitawayanytimeiftheydisobeytherulesyousetupearlier.③Thiscangetexpensiveandyourkidsneedtoknowhowtomonitortheiruse.Generally,it’sagoodideatohavenocellphonepolicywhiletheyaredoinghomeworkandatbedtime.Cometoagreementinadvanceaboutwhattheyareandaren’tallowedtodownloadontheircellphone.④Makesureyourkidsunderstandhowtosetuptheirprivacy.⑤Youwanttocoverwhatisandisn’tappropriatetoshareviaacellphone.⑥Lastly,therearetimesandplaceswhenusingone’scellphoneisnotappropriate.2.缜密构思将第3点进行整理概括，将第4、5两个要点进行重组3.遣词造句①Parentscanmakerulestoguidetheirkidstousecellphonessafelyandresponsibly.②Parentshavetherighttodeterminehowtousecellphonesbecausetheyownthem.③Parentsshouldteachkidstousecellphoneswisely.④Itisimportanttomakesuretheyknowhowtoprotecttheirprivacy.⑤Whenandwheretousecellphonesshouldalsobetold.【范文点评】[高分句型1]Itisimportanttomakesuretheyknowhowtoprotecttheirprivacy.（使用了it作形式主语，概括第四段的内容，表达非常高级。）[高分句型2]Whenandwheretousecellphonesshouldalsobetold.（疑问词+不定式做主语，概括了最后一段的内容，用法比较高级）5阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It'snotjustyourmom'sarbitraryrule;acrossculturesandthroughouthistory,elbows(手肘）onthetablehavelongbeenconsideredunacceptablebehavior.Indeed,theBiblewarnsofputtingyourelbowsonthetable,andin1530,DutchphilosopherErasmusrepeatedthesamerule.Eventheetiquette(礼节）expertsdon'tadviseit.So,whyhaveelbowsonthetablealwaysbeenconsideredrude?Forearliercivilizations,thisrulefunctionedtopreventpossibleviolenceatthetable."Tablemannerspreventedusfromleavingourspaceandstartinga"fight.Itwasimportantthatpeoplesawyou-asconsiderateortryinghard,"saysMargaretVisser,authorofTheRitualsofDinner.Ourplacesetting'sforkandknifealreadyactasanimaginaryboundaryforburspaceatthetable,soignoring"orbreakingthatborderindicatesthatyouhavenoregardfororderandarethereforepotentiallymentallyill-who:knowswhatelseyou'recapableof!Today,whilekeepingyourelbowsoffthetablecan'tbetracedback'toasinglecultureorcivilization,itmorebelongstotheuniversallanguageofprinciple,whichexpressestwoideas,thatatmealtimeoneshouldn'tdoanythingthatinconveniencesotherdiners,andthatamealisaformaloccasionwhere'oneshouldn'tbehaveinacasualway.However,that'snottosaythatinthehereandnowleavingyour'elbowsonthe"tablewillbringdishonoruponyourfamily.Mannersdevelopwiththetimestomeetourneedsandfeelings.Infact,somebodylanguagenowsuggeststhatelbowsonthetableareasignofappearingengagedandfocusedontheconversationathand.Aboveall,beingconsiderate,respectful,'andhonestismoreimportant'thanknowingwhichforktouse.Whetherit'sahandshakeorahug,it'sthesinceritybehindandgoodintentionsoftheactionthatmattermost____________________________