模具专业英语完整版电子课件

模具专业英语目录Chapter1IntroductionofMold（模具概论）Chapter2IntroductionofMoldMaterial（模具材料简介）Chapter3PressProcessandDieDesign（冷冲压工艺及模具）Chapter4PlasticsFormingandMoldDesign（塑料成型工艺及模具）目录Chapter5ForgingProcessesandDieDesign（锻造工艺及模具）Chapter6BasicandSpecialMachining（普通机械加工与特种加工）Chapter7TheApplicationofComputerinDesignandManufactureofMoldandDie（计算机在模具设计与制造中的应用）Chapter8QuotationandContractforMoldandDie（模具的报价与合同）Chapter1IntroductionofMold（模具概论）Lesson1TheDefinitionandFunctionofMoldLesson2TheClassificationofMoldLesson1TheDefinitionandFunctionofMoldInmodernindustrialproduction,moldisanimportanttechnicalequipmentusedinshapingprocessofmaterial(includingmetalmaterialandnonmetalmaterial).Meanwhile,itisthe“magnifyingglassofefficiencyandprofit”totherawmaterialandequipment,becausethevalueofthefinalproductondieisoftentensof,evenhundredsoftimesasvaluableasthatofthedieitself.Dieindustryisthebasicindustryofnationaleconomy,anditiscalled“themotherofindustry".Everyaspectofhumanlifesuchasclothes,food,housingandtransportationisNEXTBACKLesson1TheDefinitionandFunctionofMoldcloselyconnectedwithdieindustry.Therefore,thelevelofdietechnologyhasbeenasignificantsymboltomeasureacountry'sdevelopinglevelofmechanicalindustry.Notes:1.becausethevalueofthefinalproductondieisoftentensofevenhundredsoftimesasvaluableasthatofthedieitself.译文:因为模具生产出的最终产品的价值,往往是模具自身价值的数十倍,乃至上百倍。解析:tensof,evenhundredsoftimes:数十倍,乃至上百倍。as+adj.+as:和····一样BACKPREVNEXT@机械知网Lesson1TheDefinitionandFunctionofMold2.Everyaspectofhumanlifesuchasclothing,food,housingandtransportationiscloselyconnectedwithdieindustry.译文:人类的衣、食、住、行诸方面都离不开模具。解析:beconnectedwith:和……有联系/关系。becloselyconnectedwith:和……有密切的联系/关系。BACKPREVLesson2TheClassificationofMoldAccordingtothetypesofrawmaterial,moldcanbedividedintotwomainkinds:metalproductsandnonmetalproducts.BACKNEXTLesson2TheClassificationofMoldNotes:Accordingtothetypesofrawmaterial,moldcanbedividedintotwomainkinds:metalproductsandnonmetalproducts.译文:根据制品所用的原材料种类,模具可分为金属制品模具和非金属制品模具两大类。解析:accordingto:依据,按照。bedividedinto……被分成……。BACKPREVChapter2IntroductionofMoldMaterialLesson3SteelsLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelLesson3SteelsSteels(firstmadeinChinaandJapanaround600-800AC)aregenerallydividedintothecategoriesofcarbonsteelsandalloysteels(includingtoolsteels).CarbonSteelsCarbonsteelsareusedextensivelyintoolconstruction.Carbonsteelsarethosesteelswhichonlycontainironandcarbon,andsmallamountsofotheralloyingelements.Carbonsteelsarethemostcommonandleastexpensivetypeofsteelsusedfortools.Thethreeprincipaltypesofcarbonsteelsusedfortoolingarelowcarbon,mediumcarbon,andhighcarbonsteels.LowBACKNEXTLesson3Steelscarbonsteelcontainsbetween0.05%and0.3%carbon.Mediumcarbonsteelcontainsbetween0.3%and0.7%carbon.Andhighcarbonsteelcontainsbetween0.7%and1.5%carbon.Asthecarboncontentisincreasedincarbonsteel,thestrength,toughness,andhardnessalsoincreasewhenthemetalisheattreated.Lowcarbonsteelsaresoft,toughsteelsthatareeasilymachinedandwelded.Duetotheirlowcarboncontent,thesesteelscannotbehardenedexceptbycasehardening.Lowcarbonsteelsarewellsuitedforthefollowingapplications:toolbodies,handles,dieshoes,andBACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steelssimilarsituationswherestrengthandwearresistancearenotrequired.Mediumcarbonsteelsareusedwheregreaterstrengthandtoughnessarerequired.Sincemediumcarbonsteelshaveahighercarboncontenttheycanbeheattreatedtomakepartssuchasstuds,pins,axles,andnuts.Steelsinthisgrouparemoreexpensiveaswellasmoredifficulttomachineandweldthanlowcarbonsteels.Highcarbonsteelsarethemosthardenabletypeofcarbonsteelandareusedfrequentlyforpartswherewearresistanceisanimportantfactor.OtherapplicationswhereBACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steelshighcarbonsteelsarewellsuitedincludedrillbushings,locators,andwearpads.Sincethecarboncontentofthesesteelsissohigh,partsmadefromhighcarbonsteelarenormallydifficulttomachineandweld.AlloySteelsAlloysteelsarebasicallycarbonsteelswithadditionalelementsaddedtoalterthecharacteristicsandbringaboutapredictablechangeinthemechanicalpropertiesofthealloyedmetal.Alloysteelsarenotnormallyusedformosttoolsduetotheirincreasedcost,butsomehavefoundfavorforBACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steelsspecialapplications.Thealloyingelementsusedmostofteninsteelsaremanganese,nickel,molybdenum,andchromium.Anothertypeofalloysteelfrequentlyusedfortoolingapplicationsisstainlesssteel.Stainlessteelisatermusedtodescribehighchromiumandnickel-chromiumsteels.Thesesteelsareusedfortoolswhichmustresisthightemperaturesandcorrosiveatmospheres.Somehighchromiumsteelscanbehardenedbyheattreatmentandareusedwhereresistancetowear,abrasion,andcorrosionarerequired.TypicalapplicationswhereahardenableBACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steelsstainlesssteelissometimespreferredareplasticinjectionmolds:Herethehighchromiumcontentallowsthesteeltobehighlypolishedandpreventsdeteriorationofthecavityfromheatandcorrosion.notes:1.Carbonsteelsarethosesteelswhichonlycontainironandcarbon,andsmallamountsotheralloyingelements.Carbonsteelsarethemostcommonandleastexpensivetypeofsteelusedfortools.BACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steels译文:碳钢是指那些仅仅由铁和碳以及少量的其他合金元素构成的钢。碳钢是一种最常见的、最廉价的制造工具的钢。解析:此句中which是关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词steels,并充当定语从句的主语。usedfortools是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰中心词steels,它也可等同于定语从句which/that。

2.Lowcarbonsteelsarewellsuitedforthefollowingapplications:toolbodies,handles,dieshoes,andsimilarsituationswherestrengthandwearresistancearenotrequired.BACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steels译文:低碳钢很适合于以下用途:工具主体、把柄、模脚以及一些不要求强度和耐磨性的类似情况。解析:此句中where是关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词similarsituations。3.Sincemediumcarbonsteelshaveahighercarboncontenttheycanbeheattreatedtomakepartssuchasstuds,pins,axles,andnuts.译文:由于中碳钢含碳量较高,所以经过热处理后可被制成如圆柱头螺栓、销、轴和螺母之类的部件。解析:此句中since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,译为“由于”。句中studs,pins,axles,andnuts译为“圆柱头螺栓、销、轴和螺母”。BACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steels4.Highcarbonsteelsarethemosthardenabletypeofcarbonsteelandareusedfrequentlyforpartswherewearresistanceisanimportantfactor.译文:高碳钢是一种最可硬化的碳钢,常用于对耐磨性要求非常高的部件。解析:此句中where是关系副词,引导定语从句。5.Thealloyingelementsusedmostofteninsteelsaremanganese,nickel,molybdenum,andchromium.译文:钢中最常用的合金化元素是锰、镍、钥和铬。解析:此句中element译为“元素”。它还有“适合的环境”之意。例如:BACKPREVNEXTLesson3SteelsYou'reinyourelementoncetheconversationturnstomovies.谈起电影,你便如鱼得水。6.Thesesteelsareusedfortoolswhichmustresisthightemperaturesandcorrosiveatmospheres.译文:这些钢用于必须耐高温和耐腐蚀性环境的工具。解析:此句中resist译为“耐……”,resistdoing译为“防……”。7.Somehighchromiumsteelscanbehardenedbyheattreatmentandareusedwhereresistancetowear,abrasion,andcorrosionarerequired.译文:一些高铬钢能够被热处理硬化,用于有耐磨损、耐BACKPREVNEXTLesson3Steels大气腐蚀要求的场合解析:此句中where是关系副词,引导状语从句。8.Typicalapplicationswhereahardenablestainlesssteelissometimespreferredareplasticinjectionmolds:Herethehighchromiumcontentallowsthesteeltobehighlypolishedandpreventsdeteriorationofthecavityfromheatandcorrosion.译文:常选用可硬化不锈钢的典型场合是塑料注射模具:因为高含铬量使得钢材具有很好的抛光性,而且能够防止型腔由于受热和腐蚀而产生性能的退化。解析:此句中prevent...from译为“阻止,妨碍”。BACKPREVLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelSpecificationsforheat-treatingprocessesareamongthemostimportantofthoseshownonanengineeringdrawing.Properheattreatmentisapowerfultoolfordevelopingthebestpossiblepropertiesthatamaterialcanpossess.Ingeneral,heattreatmentmaybedescribedasacombinationofheatingandcoolingoperations,timedandappliedtoametaloranalloyinthesolidstateinawaythatwillproducedesiredproperties.Principally,heattreatmentisusedtoproducestrengthening,butsomeheat-treatingprocessessoften,toughen,orotherwiseenhanceproperties.BACKNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelInternally,ametaloranalloyconsistsofoneormorekindsofatomspackedtogetherinorderlythree-dimensionalarrangementscalledcrystals.Thecrystals,inturn,arebondedtogetherindiversewayswhicharedescribedintermsofmicrostructureorgrainstructure.Anygivenstructurecanbealteredtosomeextentbyplasticdeformationfromcompressive,tensile,orshearforces,buttheavailabletime-temperaturetreatmentsprovideagreatervarietyofproperties.Heattreatmentsarecarefullycontrolledcombinationsofsuchvariablesastime,temperature,rateoftemperaturechange,andfurnaceBACKPREVNEXT@机械知网Lesson4HeatTreatingofSteelatmosphere.Theselectionofaspecifictreatmentmustbebaseduponknowledgeofthepropertiesdesiredinthefinishedpart.Thereisavailabletodayamultitudeofmetalsandalloysdesignedforvariouspurposes.Therearealsomanydifferentheat-treatingprocesses.Notallthetreatmentscanbeusedwitheachmetaloralloy.Inotherwords,thetreatmentselectedmustbeonethatiscompatiblewiththespecifiedmaterial.Heattreatmentcannotbeselectedindependentlyofmaterial.Oneisjustasimportantastheother.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelReasonsforHeatTreatingFerrousMetals.Ferrouspartsareheat-treatedforseveralreasons:torelieveinternalstresses,tochangethemicrostructurebyrefiningthegrainsizeorproducinguniformgrainthroughoutapart,toalterthesurfacechemistrybyaddingordeletingelements,andtostrengthenametalpart.TreatmentofFerrousMaterials.Ironisthemajorconstituentinthesteelsusedintooling,towhichcarbonisaddedinorderthatthesteelmayharden.AlloysareputintosteeltoenableittodeveloppropertiesnotpossessedBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelbyplaincarbonsteel,suchastheabilitytohardeninoilorair,increasedwearresistance,highertoughness,andgreatersafetyinhardening.Heattreatmentofferrousmaterialsinvolvesseveralimportantoperationswhicharecustomarilyreferredtoundervariousheadings,suchasnormalizing,spheroidizing,stressrelieving,annealing,hardening,tempering,andcasehardening.Normalizinginvolvesheatingthematerialtoatemperatureofabout100℉-200℉(55℃-100℃)abovetheBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelcriticalrangeandcoolinginstillair.Thisisabout100℉(55℃)overtheregularhardeningtemperature.Thepurposeofnormalizingisusuallytorefinegrainstructuresthathavebeencoarsenedinforging.Withmostofthemedium-carbonforgingsteels,alloyedandunalloyed,normalizingishighlyrecommendedafterforgingandbeforemachiningtoproducemorehomogeneousstructures,andinmostcases,improvedmachinability.High-alloyair-hardenedsteelsarenevernormalized,sincetodosowouldcausethemtohardenanddefeattheBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelprimarypurpose.Spheroidizingisaformofannealingwhich,intheprocessofheatingandcoolingsteel,producesaroundedorglobularformofcarbide-thehardconstituentinsteel.Toolsteelsarenormallyspheroidizedtoimprovemachinability.Thisisaccomplishedbyheatingtoatemperatureto1380℉-1400℉(749℃-760℃)forcarbonsteelsandhigherformanyalloytoolsteels,holdingatheatonetofourhours,andcoolingslowlyinthefurnace.StressRelieving.Thisisamethodofrelievingtheinternalstressessetupinsteelduringforming,coldworking,andBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelcoolingafterweldingormachining,itisthesimplestheattreatmentandisaccomplishedmerelybyheatingto1200℉-1350℉(649℃-732℃)followedbyairorfurnacecooling.Largediesareusuallyroughedout,thenstress-relievedandfinish-machined.Thiswillminimizechangeofshapenotonlyduringmachiningbutduringsubsequentheattreatingaswell.Weldedsectionswillalsohavelocked-instressesowingtoacombinationofdifferentialheatingandcoolingcyclesaswellastochangesincrosssection.Suchstresseswillcauseconsiderablemovementinmachiningoperations.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelAnnealing.Theprocessofannealingconsistsofheatingthesteeltoanelevatedtemperatureforadefiniteperiodoftimeand,usually,coolingitslowly.Annealingisdonetoproducehomogenizationandtoestablishnormalequilibriumconditions,withcorrespondingcharacteristicproperties.Toolsteelisgenerallypurchasedintheannealedcondition.Sometimesitisnecessarytoreworkatoolthathasbeenhardened,andthetoolmustthenbeannealed.Forthistypeofanneal,thesteelisheatedslightlyaboveitscriticalrangeandthencooledveryslowly.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelHardening.Thisistheprocessofheatingtoatemperatureabovethecriticalrange,andcoolingrapidlyenoughthroughthecriticalrangetoappreciablyhardenthesteel.Tempering.Thisistheprocessofheatingquenchedandhardenedsteelsandalloystosometemperaturebelowthelowercriticaltemperaturetoreduceinternalstressessetupinhardening.CaseHardening.TheadditionofCarbontothesurfaceofsteelpartsandthesubsequenthardeningoperationsareimportantphasesinheattreating.Theprocessmayinvolvetheuseofmoltensodiumcyanidemixtures,packBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelcarburizingwithactivatedsolidmaterialsuchascharcoalorcoke,gasoroilcarburizing,anddrycyaniding.Notes:1.Ingeneral,heattreatmentmaybedescribedasacombinationofheatingandcoolingoperations,timedandappliedtoametaloranalloyinthesolidstateinawaythatwillproducedesiredproperties.译文:通常,热处理被描述为对金属或合金按-定的速度进行加热和冷却的一种处理过程,以此来获得理想的性能。解析:describeas:描述为applyto:将……应用于……inaway译为“在某种程度上,稍稍”。又如:IlikethenewBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelstyles,inaway.在某种程度上我喜欢这些新款式。2.Anygivenstructurecanbealteredtosomeextentbyplasticdeformationfromcompressive,tensile,orshearforces,buttheavailabletime-temperaturetreatmentsprovideagreatervarietyofproperties.译文:由压缩、拉伸或剪切等作用力带来的塑性变形不但可以在某种程度上改变任何给定的物质结构,而且还能结合给定的热处理工艺获得较宽范围内的性能的变化。解析:句中given译为“特定的,给定的”。又如:Wewillmeetatagiventimeandlocation.我们将在指定的时间和地点见面。BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteel3.Theselectionofaspecifictreatmentmustbebaseduponknowledgeofthepropertiesdesiredinthefinishedpart.译文:具体热处理工艺的选择必须以成品零件所期望的性能为基础。解析:此句中basedupon译为“以……为基础”。又如:Yourconclusionshouldbebaseduponcarefulresearch.你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论4.Notallthetreatmentscanbeusedwitheachmetaloralloy.Inotherwords,thetreatmentselectedmustbeonethatiscompatiblewiththespecifiedmaterial.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteel译文:并非所有的热处理都能用于每种金属或合金。换句话说,选择的热处理工艺必须和指定材料所需要的热处理工艺相一致。解析:句中notall表部分否定,有时相当于all...not...。又如:Allisnotgoldthatglitters.发光的并不总是金子。5.Heattreatmentofferrousmaterialsinvolvesseveralimportantoperationswhicharecustomarilyreferredtoundervariousheadings,suchasnormalizing,spheroidizing,stressrelieving,annealing,hardening,tempering,andcasehardening.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteel译文:含铁材料的热处理包含几个重要操作,常常被贯以如下称谓,例如正火、球化、应力消除、退火、淬火、回火和表面硬化。解析:句中suchas译为“例如……”,“像这种的”。referto:提到,谈到,指的是。6.Thepurposeofnormalizingisusuallytorefinegrainstructuresthathavebeencoarsenedinforging.译文:正火的日的通常是为了细化锻造过程中被粗化的晶粒。解析:句中grainstructures译为“晶粒”。that在句中是关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词grainstructures,并代替先行词在从句中作主语。BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteel7.Largediesareusuallyroughedout,thenstress-relievedandfinish-machined.译文:大型模具通常首先制坯,然后消除应力和精加工。解析:此句中die译为“模具”(名词)。8.Weldedsectionswillalsohavelocked-instressesowingtoacombinationofdifferentialheatingandcoolingcyclesaswellastochangesincrosssection.译文:不同加热和冷却循环的组合以及横截面的改变,使得焊接区域也存在牢固的应力。解析:句中locked-in是形容词,译为“牢固的”。oweto:归功于,由于。aswellas译为“也,又”。crosssection译为“横截面”。BACKPREVNEXT@机械知网Lesson4HeatTreatingofSteel9.Sometimesitisnecessarytoreworkatoolthathasbeenhardened,andthetoolmustthenbeannealed.译文:有时有必要再次加工已经硬化的工件,那么这个工件必须退火。解析:此句中that是关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词tool,并代替先行词在从句中作主语。句中itisnecessaryto译为“有必要……”。又如:Isitnecessaryforyoutobuysomanydressesatatime?你有必要一次买那么多衣服吗?10.Theprocessofannealingconsistsofheatingthesteeltoanelevatedtemperatureforadefiniteperiodoftimeand,usually,coolingitslowly.AnnealingisdonetoproduceBACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteelhomogenizationandtoestablishnormalequilibriumconditions,withcorrespondingcharacteristicproperties.译文:退火过程常为加热钢至高温并保持-定的时间,然后慢慢冷却。退火是为了达到均-化并且建立正常的平衡条件,以获取相应的性能。解析:句中consistof译为“由……组成”。11.Theprocessmayinvolvetheuseofmoltensodiumcyanidemixtures,packcarburizingwithactivatedsolidmaterialsuchascharcoalorcoke,gasoroilcarburizing,anddrycyaniding.BACKPREVNEXTLesson4HeatTreatingofSteel译文:这个过程包括使用熔融氰化钠混合物,用活性固体材料例如木炭、焦炭或者用能够提供碳原子的气体、油类和干的氰化物填满渗碳介质。解析:此句中suchas译为“例如”。BACKPREVChapter3PressProcessandDieDesign（冷冲压工艺及模具）Lesson5FormingofSheetMetalsLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationLesson7ClassificationofDiesLesson8PressesNEXTChapter3PressProcessandDieDesign（冷冲压工艺及模具）Lesson9ShearOperationLesson10BendingOperationLesson11DrawingOperationLesson12CompoundandProgressiveDiesPREVLesson5FormingofSheetMetalsSheetmetalsaregenerallycharacterizedbyahighratioofsurfaceareatothickness.Formingofsheetmetalsiscarriedoutgenerallybytensileforcesintheplaneofthesheet;otherwisetheapplicationofcompressiveforcescouldleadtobuckling,folding,andwrinklingofthesheet.Inbulkdeformationprocessessuchasforging,rolling,extrusion,andwiredrawing,thereisanintentionalchangeinthethicknessorthelateraldimensionsoftheworkpiece.However,inmostsheet-formingprocessesanythicknesschangeisduetothestretchingofthesheetunderBACKNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetalstensilestresses(Poisson'sratio).Thicknessdecreasesshouldgenerallybeavoidedastheycouldleadtoneckingandfailure.MethodofSheetShearingTheshearingprocessinvolvescuttingsheetmetalbysubjectingittoshearstresses,usuallybetweenapunchandadiemuchlikeapaperpunch.Thepunchanddiemaybeanyshape;theymaybecircularorstraightbladessimilartoapairofscissors.Themajorvariablesintheshearingprocessare:thepunchforceP,thespeedofthepunch,lubrication,surfaceconditionandmaterialsoftheBACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetalspunchanddie,theircornerradii,andtheclearancebetweenthepunchandthedie.Inadditiontotheshearingprocessesdescribedabove,thereareothertechniquesforcuttingsheetmetals.Thesheetorplatemaybecutwithasaw,suchasabandsaw.Thisisachipremovalprocess.Inanotherprocess,calledshaving,theextramaterialfromaroughshearededgeistrimmedbycutting(similartoremovingathinlayerofwoodwithachisel).Flamecuttingisanothercommonmethod,particularlyforthicksteelplates.Thisprocesshaswideapplicationsinbuildingshipsandheavystructuralcomponents.BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetalsInfrictionsawing,adiskorbladerubsagainstthesheetorplateatsurfacespeedsupto25000ft/min(130m/s)fordisks,and15000ft/min(80m/s)forblades.Inthisprocess,thefrictionalenergyisconvertedintoheat,whichthenrapidlysoftensanarrowzoneofthemetal.Thecontinuousmovementofthediskorbladethenpullsthesoftenedmetaloutofthecuttingzone.Tohelpremovethematerial,sometoolshaveteethornotches.Thefrictionsawingprocessismoresuitableforferrousalloys,asnonferrousmetalshaveatendencytoadheretothediskorbladeandinterferewiththecuttingoperation.BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetalsNotes:1.Sheetmetalsaregenerallycharacterizedbyahighratioofsurfaceareatothickness.译文:金属板料的-般特征是表面积和厚度之间的比率很高。解析:becharacterizedby:被赋予……的特征。aratioof……的比率2.Formingofsheetmetalsiscarriedoutgenerallybytensileforcesintheplaneofthesheet;otherwisetheapplicationofcompressiveforcescouldleadtobuckling,folding,andwrinklingofthesheet.BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals译文:板料通常通过在板料面上施加拉力来成形,而如果使用压缩力就可能导致板料的弯曲、折叠和褶皱。解析:此句为一个用连接词otherwise表转折的复合句,其中前句的主语是现在分词短语formingofsheetmetals。3.However,inmostsheet-formingprocessesanythicknesschangeisduetothestretchingofthesheetundertensilestresses(Poisson'sratio).译文:然而,在大多数板料成形过程中,任何厚度的变化都是由于板料在拉应力作用下的延伸(泊松比)。解析:bedueto:由于,应归于。BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals4.Theshearingprocessinvolvescuttingsheetmetalbysubjectingittoshearstresses,usuallybetweenapunchandadiemuchlikeapaperpunch(Fig.5-1).译文:冲裁过程是指在切应力的作用下对板料进行切割,通常是在一个凸模和一个凹模之间,极似纸张打孔器的操作(图5-1)。解析:involve:包括,涉及,牵连。subjectwtow:使某人或某物经历或遭受某事物。5.Inadditiontotheshearingprocessesdescribedabove,thereareothertechniquesforcuttingsheetmetals.译文:除了上述冲裁过程外,还有其他的板料切割方法。解析:inadditionto:加之……,除……之外BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals6.Inanotherprocess,calledshaving,theextramaterialfromaroughshearededgeistrimmedbycutting(similartoremovingathinlayerofwoodwithachisel).译文:在另一个被称为缺口修整加工的过程中,通过切割对粗糙的冲裁边缘的多余材料进行切边(此过程就像用凿子凿去木材上薄薄的一层)解析:calledshaving前其实省略了whichis,合起来是作为修饰中心词anotherprocess的定语从句。7.Flamecuttingisanothercommonmethod,particularlyforthicksteelplates.Thisprocesshaswideapplicationsinbuildingshipsandheavystructuralcomponents.BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals译文:火焰切割是另一种常见的方法,尤其适用于切割厚钢板。这种方法广泛地应用于造船和锻造巨型结构的零件。解析:haveapplicationin:应用于某方面。8.Infrictionsawing,adiskorbladerubsagainstthesheetorplateatsurfacespeedsupto25000ft/min(130m/s)fordisks,and15000ft/min(80m/s)forblades.译文:在摩擦割锯中,锯盘或锯片摩擦表面板料或金属板的速度达到了锯盘为25000英尺/分钟(130米/秒),锯片为15000英尺/分钟(80米/秒)。解析:rub摩擦。rub用于词组中表示“与……相摩擦”,其后-定要接介词againstspeed在此句中为动词。句中upto意为“达到”。BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals9.Inthisprocess,thefrictionalenergyisconvertedintoheat,whichthenrapidlysoftensanarrowzoneofthemetal.译文:在此过程中,摩擦能转换为热能,然后热能迅速软化金属板狭窄的部分。解析:which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰heatoconvert:转变,转换soften:使变软,软化。10.Thefrictionsawingprocessismoresuitableforferrousalloys,asnonferrousmetalshaveatendencytoadheretothediskorbladeandinterferewiththecuttingoperation.BACKPREVNEXTLesson5FormingofSheetMetals译文:摩擦锯割工艺更适合钢铁类合金,而有色金属在锯割时则有粘在锯片和刀片上的倾向,以至于妨碍切割过程。解析:besuitablefor:适合……。as在句中的意思为“因为”,等同于because。句中haveatendencyto意为“有……的倾向”。BACKPREVLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationsPressworkingincludesawidevarietyofchiplessprocessesbywhichworkpiecesareshapedfromrolledmetalsheets.Ageneralterm,stamping,isusedalmostinterchangeablywithpressworking.Stampingsareproducedbythedownwardstrokeofaraminamachinecalledapress.Theramisequippedwithspecialpunchesandmovestowardandintoadieblock,whichisattachedtoarigidbed.Thepunchesandthedieblockassemblyaregenerallyreferredtoasa“dieset"or,moresimply,asthe“die".Pressworkingoperationsareusuallycold-workedatroomtemperatureorinsomecasesBACKNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationshot-workedatanelevatedtemperaturethatdoesnotexceedtheannealingtemperatureofthemetal.Partsproducedbypressworkingoperationscanbeassmallasashoeeyeletoraslargeastheendofafreightcar.Comparedtoothermetalworkingprocesses,pressworkingtechniquesofferanalmostunlimitedchoiceofmetalsanddesignversatilityandcanbeproducedinextremelylargequantities.Metalstampingsarelightweight,strong,andhaveasuperiorstrength-to-weightratio.Itisestimatedthattheaveragehouseholdcontainsproductsinwhichthereareover100000pressworkeditems.BACKPREVNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationsSkillfuldesignersareoftenabletoredesignpartspreviouslymadebyforgingorbycasting,withsignificantsavingsintime,labor,andmaterials.Becauseitispracticaltoproducepartstocloselimitsofaccuracy,interchangeabilityisassured.Pressworkedpartsareusedforinternalcomponentsonbusinessmachines,machinetools,householdequipment,aircraftandsmallengines,andforlocks,variousotherhardwareitems,andcountlessotherfunctionalapplications.Itisestimatedthatapproximatelyhalftheweightofanautomobileconsistsofpressworkedparts:FormedpartsarewidelyusedascontainersofBACKPREVNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationsvariouskinds,rangingfromhouseholdpotsandpans,topails,buckets,andbins.Sheet-metalformsarealsowidelyusedforheating,exhaust,andventilatingequipment,medicalandfoodprocessingequipment,forbuildingsandstructures,householdappliances(stoves,refrigerators,freezers,washers,anddryers),bathroomandplumbingandelectricalarticles,highwayvehicles,farmequipment,officefurniture,andformanyotherapplicationstoonumeroustomention.BACKPREVNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationsNotes:1.Pressworkingincludesawidevarietyofchiplessprocessesbywhichworkpiecesareshapedfromrolledmetalsheets.译文:冲压加工包括多种多样的无屑加工,轧制的金属板料通过无屑加工后成形为零件。解析:avarietyof=kindsof多种多样的shape:成形,做成某种形状;对……有重大影响。2.Theramisequippedwithspecialpunchesandmovestowardandintoadieblock,whichisattachedtoarigidbed.BACKPREVNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplications译文:滑块上装有专门的凸模向装在固定的工作台上的凹槽运动。解析:beequippedwith配备有whichisattachedtoarigidbed是定语从句,修饰中心词adieblock。3.Thepunchesandthedieblockassemblyaregenerallyreferredtoasa“dieset"or,moresimply,asthe“die".译文:这些凸模和凹模装配组件-般被称为“模组”,或者更简单地被称为“冲模”。解析:referto:提及,谈到;与……有关;参考。4.Pressworkingoperationsareusuallycold-workedatroomtemperatureorinsomecaseshot-workedatanBACKPREVNEXTLesson6PressProcessandProductApplicationsel