高三英语语法复习之非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词考点归纳

非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个句子（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,_________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but____(leave)

herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft非谓语动词的句法功能动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式否定形式被动形式进行时完成时todo

nottodotobedonetobedoingtohavedone5.作表语6.作状语不定式3.作宾语补足语1.作主语2.作宾语4.作定语不定式的功能

不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略1.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性Toplaybasketball

isagreatpleasure.但为使句子平衡,常用it代它作主语,把它移到句子后部去.Itisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.

2.作宾语A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,bother.e.g.Ipromisetofinishthehomeworkontime.看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？（2013重庆）Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone解析：发动机就是启动不起来。看来它是出毛病了。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。seem后接不定式。根据发动机不能启动的事实说明发动机已经出现了问题，所以选B。3.作表语A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。

HeistomarryRose.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.Sheistoblame.看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？(2012重庆)Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.AtobemadeBbeingmadeCmadeDhavingbeenmade解析：动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、therebe、with之后的名词，表示“有……要……”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2013.四川）Theairport______nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted4.不定式作定语A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。CharlesLindberghisthefirstman

toflytheAtlanticalone.(主谓关系)Hehasgotlotsofquestions

toask.(动宾关系)注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要的介词。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。Ineedapen

towritewith.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.（2012江西）Havingfinishedtheproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool____________tothenewstudents.AspeakingBhavingspokenCtospeakDtohavespoken解析：有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如invite,refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等(2013陕西）Letthoseinneed______thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understoodB.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的动词Thechairmanrequested

themembers

tobesilent.C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词Theguardforbade

me

toenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法)Manyparentsexpect

theirchildren

tostudyabroad.E.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel等表感官的动词后的不定式均不带to

Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.→(被动）Shewasoftenheard_______thesongathome.tosing看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？(2013湖南）_____warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay(2013山东）Istoppedthecar_____ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken(2012山东)Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_________thathiswifehadlefthim.AtobetoldBtellingCbeingtoldDtold(2012四川)Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________hisplanehighupinthesky.AfindingBtofindCbeingfoundDtohavefound解析：不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于too…to,enoughto,so/such…asto等固定结构中。______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner本题中不定式作目的状语6.不定式作状语1)不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespracticedhardtowinthematch.强调作目的状语的不定式,常用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。2).不定式作结果状语作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。如:too…to,enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词+astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.(2012陕西)Ifhetakesonhiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________anevengreaterchallenge.AmeetsBmeetingCmeetDtomeet解析：介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除……外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding6.Theywouldnotallowhim______acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingA

ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wishwant,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等动词后可接不定式作宾补。.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cryAsyou’veneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeone_____youtheway.A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed

使役动词make,let只接不带to的不定式作宾补。

Letmedoitforyou.

IhadmyTVsetrepairedyesterday.Don’thavehimwaitingintherainforsolong.9.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage___,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed

10.It’sverycold.Let’smakeafire_______ourselves.A.warmB.towarmC.warmingD.warmed11.Ihaveasuggestion____atthemeeting.A.putforwardB.puttingforwardC.toputforwardD.tobeputforwardDBC

have(有),make(“做”等非使役意义)时接带to的不定式作定语或目的状语..I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Haveyouanything_____toyourparents?A.tobuyB.tobeboughtC.totakeD.tobetaken.Themissingboywaslastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay.Theboywhowascaught_____intheexaminationwillbepunishedbytheteacher.A.CheatB.cheating.C.tocheatD.cheated.Whodidtheteacherhave______anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towritec注意这一结构的活用。Isawthebikebeingrepaired.Isawthebikerepaired.InordertoimproveEnglish,______.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfather

不定式作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed

动名词的复合结构：动名词的逻辑主语+动名词

Mary’scomplainingannoyedhim.Idon’tmindhim/hiscoming.

10.Whatworriedtheboywas_____tovisithisfatherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowed.C.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed

三、分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.（一）现在分词(1).现在分词现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同.时态\语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone(2)、现在分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语定语,宾语补足语,

状语1.现在分词作表语现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为”使(令)…怎样。”如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)看看下列句子中现在分词作什么成分？(2012湖南)Thelecture,______at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.AstartingBbeingstartedCtostartDtobestarted(2013山东）Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____inonecorner.A.standingB.tostandC.standsD.stood(2013辽宁）LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail______forher.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waswaiting2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,表示主动意义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。

A.表示动作正在进行Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.看看下列句子中现在分词作什么成分？(2012四川)Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.AtowindBwindCwindingDwound解析：当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。3.现在分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的执行者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；A.作感官动词的宾补,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在进行的意义Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.B.作使役动词的宾补,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态的持续性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?(2012福建)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom_______intheSouthChinaSea.AattackingBhavingattackedCbeingattackedDhavingbeenattacked.解析：含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困难haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艰难thereisnosenseindoing做……是没有理由/道理的(2012上海)WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshavetrouble______therightthingstosay.AthinkingofBtothinkofCthoughtofDthinkof看看下列句子中现在分词作什么成分？(2012天津)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.AleftBtoleaveCleavingDhavingleft解析：-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。(2012全国)Tonylentmethemoney,________thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.AhopingBtohopeChopedDhavinghoped解析：本题考查-ing形式作伴随状语。在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形(2012江苏)________animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.ABasedBBasingCBaseDTobase(2012陕西)_______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewiPad.AStandingBTostandCStoodDStand解析：本题考查-ing形式作时间状语。在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形(2012福建)Pressedfromhisparents,and_______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.ArealizingBrealizedCtorealizeDbeingrealized(2013重庆）WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,_____mestoriestillIfellasleep.A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell(2013北京）_____thecourseverydifficult,hedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found(2013江苏）LionelMessi,_____therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset解析：

LionelMessi创下了年度进球最多的纪录，被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。创下纪录先于isconsidered发生，所以选D。(2013湖南）Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_______themountainingoldenlight.A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havingbathed(2013四川）_____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot解析：（因为）不知道要上哪所大学，这个女孩便征求老师的意见。分词的否定式为“not+现在分词/过去分词”.主语thegirl与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选A。(2013课标）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,_______the7:30trainfromPaddington.A.caughtB.tohavecaughtC.tocatchD.havingcaught4.现在分词作状语

现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。1)作时间状语,可以表示三个时间概念A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“assoonas”引导的时间状语从句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Onhearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while引导的时间状语从句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.

C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscomposition,hebegantodohismathshomework.2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as引导的原因状语从句。A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashe_____________whattodonext,hewentto…didn’tknowB.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.3)作条件状语,相当于由if引导的条件状语从句(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.

4)作让步状语,相当于由although/though引导的让步状语从句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Though________early,hewaslateforthemeeting.hegotup5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。Theysatthereonthestone,_____witheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneand_______witheachother.talkingtalked6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.

现在分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的主语可能是分词动作的执行者,句子的主语也可能是分词动作的承受者。但在一些表示说话者态度的固定表达方式中,分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。这种结构常见的有:1)generally/strickly/+speaking2)Judgingfrom…/talkingof…/allowingfor..3)Consideringthat…/seeingthat…/supposingthat…注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的_____主语。1.______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingNotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted（原因状语）高考点击Practice2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.（时间或伴随状语）A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.（结果状语）A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.（原因状语）A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．HavingbeenseparatedD．Tobeseparated5.(2013江苏）Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand_____toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced(2013福建）_______basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown本题考查动名词作主语（2013浙江）____howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.A.HearingB.HearC.HavingheardD.Tobehearing解析：聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。B项为谓语动词，不能作主语；本句介绍一个事实，故排除C，D两项；所以答案为A。_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposeB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed

.

（二）过去分词(1).过去分词的语法形式过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。(done)(2)、过去分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语定语,宾语补足语,状语1.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态。如，Heisgone.Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.Theyweredeeplymoved.

注意:被动结构与系表结构的区别这两种结构形式都是be+过去分词。这两种结构的主要区别是:被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被动结构)Thecupisbroken.(系表结构)看看下列句子中过去分词作什么成分？(2012浙江)“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable________forcustomers.AtobereservedBhavingreservedCreservingDreserved解析:本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。(2012上海)Theclub,______25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.AfoundedBfoundingCbeingfoundedDtobefounded(2013陕西）Thewitness_____bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquestioned(2013湖南）Youcan’tacceptanopinion_____toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offered(2013天津）Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofthewords_____indailyconversations.A.usingB.touseC.havingusedD.used2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词,有以下三个特点:A.及物动词的过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是被动的。所表示的时间概念是完成。

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearcanhold1,000people=Thebuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearcan…B.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成。与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen

aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredtherisensun=thesunthathasrisen

C.有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事者的心理状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。Thesurprised

lookshowedthathehadn’texpectedthis.=(Hewassurprisedandhislookshowedhissurprise)Thefather’sloudvoicemadeafrightenedlookappearonhisdaughter’sface.(Thefather’sdaughterwasfrightenedandherfaceshowedherfright.)看看下列句子中过去分词作什么成分？(2012四川)Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar__________.AwashedBwashCwashingDtowash（2013北京）Whenwesawtheroad____withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidaysathome.A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked(2013课标）Theymightjusthaveaplace______onwritingcourse---whydon’tyoujusthaveatry?A.leaveB.leftC.leavingD.toleave解析：在写作课程上，他们可能还有一个名额---你为什么不试一试呢？本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语aplace与leave(剩下）为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选B3.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。常用来作感官动词,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…和使役动词如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…的宾补WhenIwalkedhome,Isawamancaughtbythepolice.Assoonashereturnedhome,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.Hekepthimselfcoveredwithablanket.看看下列句子中过去分词作什么成分？(2012重庆)________toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfultime.AHavingbeenaskedBToaskCHavingaskedDTobeasked(2012安徽)When_______forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.AaskingBaskedChavingaskedDtobeasked(2013安徽）_____intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded4.过去分词作状语过去分词可在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步,方式或伴随情况等状语。过去分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,而且存在着逻辑上的被动关系.1)做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.=Ifthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…=Whenthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…2)作原因状语Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=As/Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildren….3)作让步状语Seriouslywounded,hestillkeptonfighting.=Although/Thoughhewasseriouslywounded,hestillkept….4)作方式或伴随情况状语Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Hesatthere,lostinthought.=Hesatthere,andwaslostinthought.

1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.（条件状语）

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven.2.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury（定语）

A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.writtenPractice高考点击________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.（原因）

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.Tolose

.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（条件）

begins

B.havingbegunC.beginning

D.begun

Thisisoneoftheproblems____atthemeetingatpresent.A.discussedB.discussingC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage,wereproducedinthe16thcentury.A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.havingwrittenTheproblem_____tomorrowhassomethingtodowithourdailylife.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.beendiscussed

Thechild___byhisfatherlefthomeyesterday.A.havingbeenpunishedB.tobepunishedC.punishedD.whohasbeenpunished

现在分词的完成（被动）式一般只用作状语，不用作定语

Thecaptainwasthelastone_____thesinkingship.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.tohaveleft.解析；当thefirst/thesecond…thelast(one)作名词中心词时，其后的定语习惯上用不定式，不用分词。IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly_____.A.supposingB.supposedC.tosupposeD.suppose

连词than,as,once,if,unless,though,evenif等之后，可以加一个过去分词作状语，When_____up,hefelthimself____tothetree.A.hewoke,tieB.waking,tiedC.hewakes,tiedD.waking,tying_____tomakeaspeech,hesaidhewouldbegladto.A.WhenaskedB.WhenaskingC.WhenhewasaskingD.whentoask

(2012辽宁)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog________them.AtofollowBfollowingCfollowedDfollows解析：在with复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语theirpetdog与follow是主动关系，所以用-ing形式。不定式常常表示将来要发生的事情。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：

1).________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2)_______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3)_______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4)______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。1)_________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalC.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2)__________,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignal

wasgiven3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：1)___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions2)_________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions

4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1).Wehavelessonseveryday,________.A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove2).Theboyfellasleep,_________.A.caponheadB.withacaponheadC.acap