(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第3册　Unit 4　Space Exploration (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．proceduren．程序；步骤；手续2．cmabbr.(centimetreorcentimeter)厘米3．rocketn．火箭；火箭弹4．gravityn．重力；引力5．frontiern．边境；国界；边远地区6．vehiclen．交通工具；车辆7．satelliten．人造卫星；卫星8．orbitn．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行9．giantadj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人10．leapn．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/orleaped，leaped)vi.&vt.跳过；跃过11．agencyn．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处12．transmitvt.&vi.传输；发送13．datan．[pl.]资料；数据14．ongoingadj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的15．spacecraftn．航天器；宇宙飞船16．spacewalkn．太空行走；太空行走的时间17．jaden．玉；翡翠；玉器18．dockvi.&vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n．码头；船坞19．sufficientadj.足够的；充足的20．microwaven．(alsomicrowaveoven)微波炉21．tissuen．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织22．facilityn．设施；设备23．fataladj.致命的；灾难性的24．high-endadj.高端的25．foamn．泡沫橡胶；泡沫26．pillown．枕头27．mysteryn．神秘事物；谜28．oxygenn．氧；氧气29．theUSSRabbr.theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics苏联30．NASAabbr.NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(美国)国家航空与航天局31．theInternationalSpaceStation国际空间站32．Marsn．火星33．Jupitern．木星Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．astronautn．宇航员；太空人2．mentaladj.精神的；思想的3．universen．宇宙；天地万物4．launchvt.&n．发射；发起；上市5．mankindn．人类6．signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志7．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用8．musclen．肌肉；实力；影响力9．floatvi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流10．otherwiseadv.否则；要不然11．beyondprep.在更远处；超出12．soapn．肥皂13．toweln．毛巾；抹布14．keenadj.热衷的；渴望的15．globen．地球；世界；地球仪16．shallowadj.肤浅的；浅的17．patternn．模式；图案；模范18．monitorn．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控19．smartphonen．智能手机20．resourcen．资源；财力；物力21．attachvt.系；绑；贴Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligencen．智慧2．determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determinevt.查明；确定；决定→determinationn．决心；果断3．disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn．失望；沮丧4．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desiredadj.渴望的，想要的5．independentadj.独立的；自立的→independentlyadv.独立地；自立地→independencen．独立；自立→dependvi.依靠6．lackvt.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺→lackingadj.缺乏的；不足的7．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→argumentn．争论；争吵；论点8．analysisn．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)ev．分析9．regularadj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularlyadv.有规律地；经常；定期地10．limitedadj.有限的→limitlessadj.无限的→limitvt.&n．限制Ⅳ.核心短语1．carryon继续做，坚持干2．onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．inthehopeofdoingsth.抱着……的希望4．soasto(dosth.)为了；以便5．figureout弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．resultin导致；造成7．asaresult所以；结果(是)8．provideforsb.提供生活所需9．inclosing最后10．runout用完；耗尽高频词汇来助力1．creditn．信用；赞扬；学分2．criminaln．罪犯；犯人3．currencyn．货币；通货4．customsn．海关；关税5．databasen．资料库，数据库6．deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期经典句式需悟通1．Afterwards，theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。2．Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。3．Despitethedifficulties，scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan，butalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。4．Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。5．Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分)1．proceduren．程序；步骤；手续2．gravityn．重力；引力3．vehiclen．交通工具；车辆4．orbitn．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行5．giantadj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人6．leapn．跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.跳过；跃过7．agencyn．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处8．sufficientadj.足够的；充足的9．tissuen．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织10．facilityn．设施；设备11．fataladj.致命的；灾难性的12．mysteryn．神秘事物；谜13．oxygenn．氧；氧气Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)14．mentaladj.精神的；思想的15．launchvt.&n．发射；发起；上市16．signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志17．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用18．musclen．肌肉；实力；影响力19．floatvi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流20．otherwiseadv.否则；要不然21．beyondprep.在更远处；超出22．keenadj.热衷的；渴望的23．patternn．模式；图案；模范24．resourcen．资源；财力；物力25．attachvt.系；绑；贴Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)26．intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的→intelligencen．智慧27．determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determinevt.查明；确定→determinationn．决心；果断28．disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn．失望；沮丧29．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desiredadj.渴望的，想要的30．independentadj.独立的；自立的→independentlyadv.独立地；自立地→independencen．独立；自立→dependvi.依靠31．arguevt.&vi.论证；争论→argumentn．争论；争吵32．analysisn．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)ev．分析33．limitedadj.有限的→limitlessadj.无限的→limitvt.&n．限制Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)34．creditn．信用；赞扬；学分35．criminaln．罪犯；犯人36．currencyn．货币；通货37．databasen．资料库，数据库38．deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)39．carryon继续做，坚持干40．onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上41．soasto(dosth.)为了；以便42．resultin导致；造成43．provideforsb.提供生活所需44．inclosing最后45．runout用完；耗尽Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)1．Couldyoutellmehowandwhentheuniversecameintobeing?2．Therailwaysignalshowsthatthetrainwillcome，soyoucan’tpassnow.3．Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse；wewouldn’thavefounditotherwise.4．Manylifestylepatternsdosuchgreatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeeduptheweakeningofthehumanbody.5．Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregular(定期的)trainingbeforeitisproperlyestablished.(2019·天津)6．Theriverisveryshallow(浅的)，butyoucan’tswiminitbecausethewaterispolluted.7．Theshortageofwaterhasbecomeaglobal(全球的)problemthatneedstobesolvedurgently.8．Thoughlacking(缺乏)money，hisfamilylivedanenjoyablelife.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．Artificialintelligencehasbeenusedinphones，whichmakesthemseemtobeintelligent.(intelligent)10．Whenaskedwhetherhewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut，theboyjustlookedatmewithdetermination.(determine)11．Thoughhewasdisappointedattheresultoftheexamination，hetriedtohidehisdisappointmentinordernottodiscouragehisson.(disappoint)12．Sincethecountrybecameindependentin1842，ithasplayedanimportantroleindependently.Gonearethedayswhenitdependedonothersforeverything.(depend)13．Aperson’slifeislimitedbutknowledgeislimitless.(limit)14．Anargumentaboutwhetherpeopleshouldcarryonwithspaceexplorationtookplaceattheconferenceandsomepeoplearguedthatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonit.(argue)15．Unsatisfiedwiththeanalysis，theresearchersanalyzedthedataagain.(analyze)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。Everytimethemathteacherasksquestions，heisalwaysthefirstonetoputuphishand.17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。Hisquickresponsemakestheteacherpleased.18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。Henotonlystudieswellbutalsooftenhelpsothers.19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。Hehasmanyfriendsbecauseheiseasytogetalongwith.20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisetheywouldhaveaccomplishedthetaskinhalfthetime.(2019·天津)Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分Peoplehavealwayswantedtoexplorespaceinthehopeoffindingoutitssecrets.Afterthemid-20thcentury，somescientistsrealised1.people’s(people)dreamoftravellingintospacewithbravepeople2.carried(carry)byspacecrafttolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.Exploringspaceisnotonly3.dangerous(danger)butalsochallenging.Accidentscanstillhappenthoughscientiststrytomakesurenothing4.goes(go)wrong.Butthedesire5.toexplore(explore)spaceneverstops6.becausepeoplebelievetheycanovercomedifficultiesandbefacedwiththosebig7.challenges(challenge)．Chinahasmadegreatprogressincompletingthemannedorbitandspacewalk，studyingthemoon’ssurfaceand8.establishing(establish)aspacestation.9.Toourjoy，futurediscoverieswillenableustounderstandtheuniverse10.fully(full)stepbystep.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(argue，analyse，pattern，resource，limit，regular，globe)Countriesaroundthe1.globearespendinglotsofmoneyandtimeonvariousspacemissions.Somepeople2.arguethatexploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhungerby3.analysingthedataonlandandweather4.patternsrecordedbysatellites.High-endproductscreatedtoinitiallymeettherequirementsforspaceexplorationhavebeen5.regularlyusedinmanyindustries.Besides,6.resourcesonourplanetare7.limited，andspaceexplorationwillhelpustofindanalternativehome.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇disappointedadj.失望的，沮丧的先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Peopleweredisappointedat/by/withthenewsthatthesatellitehadbeenlaunchedunsuccessfully.(2)Onebyone，theapplicantslefttheinterviewer’sofficewithdisappointed(disappoint)looksontheirfaces.(3)Muchtomydisappointment(disappoint)，Ifoundhehadtoldalietohismother.•bedisappointedat/with/by...对……失望bedisappointedtodosth.对做某事失望bedisappointedthat...对……失望•disappointvt.使失望/沮丧•disappointingadj.令人失望的•disappointmentn．失望，沮丧toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。Disappointedattheresult，hecouldn’thelpcrying.desiren．渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望；想望先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theboyhasastrongdesireforasmartphonewithalargeinternalmemorytoplaygames.(2)Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises(should)behanded(hand)inbeforeschoolwasover.(3)Sinceyouhaveastrongdesiretolearn(learn)Chineseculture，IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.(2019·北京)•haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物•desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望……再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。①Hismotherdesiredhimtobe/becomeanarchitectafterhegrewup.②Hismotherdesiredthathe(should)be/becomeanarchitectafterhegrewup.signalv．标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Wesignalled(signal)tothedriverinthehopeofstoppinghimbeforehefellintotheriver.(2)Amanstoodupandcrossedhisarmsoverhishead，signalling(signal)thathewasstronglyopposed.(3)Justlikethetrafficitself，thetimingofthesignals(signal)changes.•signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意(某人)……•trafficsignals交通信号灯再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)Thedriverrushedtheinjuredtothehospitalimmediately，ignoringthetrafficsignalsalltheway.onboard在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thepassengersonboardaredisappointedatthecurrentaccommodationontheship.(2)SixmonthsagoXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsinChinaandboarded(board)aplaneforLondon.(3)Thehurricanewassostrongthatallthepassengersaboard(board)theshipfellintotheriver.•boardn．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食•boardv．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿boardaship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车boardinaforeignfamily寄宿在一个外国家庭aboardingschool寄宿制学校•aboardadv.&prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)goaboard上船(飞机、火车等)•abroadadv.在国外；到国外goabroad出国再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)Byboardinginaforeignfamily，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingofthiscountry’scultureandcustoms.lackvt.缺乏；缺少；没有n．缺乏；短缺先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Lacking(lack)sufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.(2)Later，heworkedinAfrica，wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.(2020·江苏)(3)Itisobviousthattheyounggirlislacking(lack)inusefulskills.•(a)lackof缺少……for/throughlackof因缺少……•lackingadj.不足的；缺乏的belackingin在……方面缺乏再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(4)ThoughJacklackedexperience，hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.Thoughlackingexperience，Jackmadeupforitinenthusiasm.(用省略句改写)arguevt.&vi.争论；争辩；论证先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Heoftenargueswithhissonabout/overrecyclingwatersoastocutdownthewaterbill.(2)Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.(3)Mostofthemembersarguedforhisplan，whichmadehimsatisfied.(4)Whydidhehaveanargument(argue)withhiswifeyesterday?(5)Theyarguedhimintowithdrawinghiscomplaint.•arguewithsb.about/oversth.因某事与某人争吵/争论arguefor/against(doing)sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事arguethat...主张……，认为……o/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事•argumentn．争论；争辩；争吵；论点再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)60%oftheintervieweesargueforrubbishclassificationandclaimthattheywilldothisintheirdailylife.attachv.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theprofessorattachesgreatimportancetotheanalysisofthedata.(2)Pleaseattachyourphotographtothisapplicationform.(3)Withtimegoingby，Claireseemedtobemoreattached(attach)toTony，therobot.•attach...to...把……附在……上attachimportance/significance/value/weight/...to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等•attachedadj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的beattachedto喜欢，依恋；附属于再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)Youcanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoreadingduringthecourseoflearninglanguage.runout用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空(1)IwasreadinginabookstorewhenIranacrossanoldfriendthereyesterday.(2)Inearlyranintoabuswhenitstoppedsuddenlyinfrontofme.runoutof用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐；追求runinto撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？①Ourmoneyisrunningout.Whatshouldwedo?②Wearerunningoutofourmoney.Whatshouldwedo?otherwise的用法Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思(1)Myparentslentmethemoney.Otherwise，Icouldn’thaveaffordedthetrip.adv.否则；不然(2)Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwisethehousewassilent.adv.除此以外(3)Itisnotpermittedtosellorotherwisedistributecopiesofpastexaminationpapers.adv.以其他方式•otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/coulddo。•otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。Wedidn’tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime，otherwisewewouldhavegivenyouahand.(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。Ihavenomoneyonmenow.Otherwise，Iwouldlendsometoyou.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．Therentishigh，butotherwisethehouseissatisfactory.在其他方面2．Hotandcoldaircurrentspowertheweathersystemsonearth.(气)流3．Officialshadnotbeenallowedtomonitorthevoting.监听，监视4．ThebarmangavefreedrinkstotheregularsatChristmas.老顾客们Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．MrSmithisdetermined(determine)toseekhisfortuneinthedowntownarea.2．Theyoungmanhadastrongdesiretoearnearnalivingbyhimselfsoonafterhegraduated.3．Hehadtoseekhelpfromhiscolleaguesforlackofexperience.4．Thosewhoignorethetrafficsignals(signal)can’tescapebeingpunished.5．Itwaswiseofhimtoadmitwhathehaddoneotherwisehewouldhavegot(get)intoseriesoftrouble.6．Thediversitybetweenminoritiesoftenbringsaboutarguments(argue)．7.Apartfromthemildclimate，theethnicmusicalsoresultsintheprosperoustourism.8.Afterwards，heseemedtorunoutoffortuneandfinallyhelostallhispossessions.9．Theprincehadhisservantattachajadeaccessorytohisrobecarefully.10．Spanishpeoplewerethefirstimmigrantstosettle(settle)downinthedistrict.Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(人物介绍)1．李子柒是一个网红，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。(thefirst＋n.＋todo)LiZiqiisanonlinecelebrity，whoisalsothefirstChinesevloggertohavemorethan10millionfansoverseas.2．她的视频总是让乡村生活像梦一样美好。(make＋sth./sb.＋adj.)Hervideosalwaysmakecountrylifeasbeautifulasadream.3．就连她的农家小院(farmyard)也显得住起来非常温馨。(sth./sb.＋系动词＋adj.＋todo)Evenherfarmyardseemswarmandsweettolivein.4．通过上传视频，她不但在全球收获了上亿粉丝，而且传播了中国文化。(notonly...butalso)Byuploadingvideos，shenotonlygainshundredsofmillionsoffansaroundtheglobe，butalsospreadsChinesecultureallovertheworld.5．被她的视频所吸引，许多外国人对中国的文化和乡村生活痴迷。Attractedbyhervideos，manyforeignersgetfascinatedbyChinesecultureandcountrylife.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：todo作定语和状语)eq\x(determine，launch，disappoint，independent，otherwise，lac