(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类(解析版)

考向26阅读理解之记叙文类文体分析记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Wsand1H”特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。记叙文常见的命题类型如下：1.主旨大意题文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：

What’sthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage?

Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthepassageis/mightbe____.

Theauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthispassageis____.

做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。2.细节理解题这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)trueaccordingtothepassage?

Whichofthefollowingis(not)discussed/Mentionedinthepassage?Accordingtothepassage,what/where/Which/who/why/when/how…?

Allofthefollowingare(not)true/mentioned/discussedexcept_________.

Howdoestheauthor/writerfeelabout___?3.词义／语义判断题这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedword”…”means____.

Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword”…”is___.“…”canbebestreplacedby___.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby”…”?

By”…”,theauthormeansthat___

做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。4.推断题以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。

推断题的常见形式：

Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat____.

Fromthetextweknowthat______.

Thepassageimpliesthat______.

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablydiscusses______.

解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。5.观点态度题回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样.可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。

常见的态度词语有:positive/support/approval(赞同的/optimisticcritical/negative/tolerant/disappointed/pessimistic(悲观的)/indifferent(冷淡的)/doubtfulNeutral(中立的）/objective(客观的）这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:What’stheauthor’s/writer’sattitudeto…?

Theauthorthinks/suggests/believesthat___.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragree/disagreewith?

Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowards…?

解题技巧记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Wsand1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。

特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。

另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。

1.关注细节

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

2.注重联系

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

3.读懂表象

如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?”或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。

4.挖掘意义

每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。

【典例示例】

Compassionisadesirewithinustohelpothers．Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction．Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrue．Iworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly．Theseoldpeopleareourmaincustomers,andit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness．ButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson．Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister(收款机)withaboxofbiscuits．Hesaidhewasoutofcash(现金),hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards．Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust．Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday．

Icouldn’thelpstaringathim．Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway．Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld．ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso．Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjob．

Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup．Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable．“Chargeittome,”wasallhesaid．

WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity．Pityissoftandsafeandeasy．Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction．Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither．ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself．Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.

解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：Oneagedgentlemanbeggedmetohavethefoodontrustandpromisedtorepaythenextday.Itoldhimthestorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Anothermanwantedmetochargethefoodtohim.Ipaidforthebiscuitsmyself.作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。

【检测训练】1ThecityofRichmondannouncedthatRoscoeBurnemswouldbecomethecity’sfirstpoetlaureate(桂冠诗人),apoetrecognizedforachievementsinpoetryDuringhistwo-yeartermasapoetlaureate,Burnemsisresponsibleforbeingapoetryadvocatebyprovidingaccesstopoetrythroughoutthecityandofferingopportunitiestousethepowerofwordstohealwounds,openheartsandminds,andbringpeopleclosertogether.Hehasthefreedomtocreateanddevelophisownprojectsduringhistermandwillreceivea$4,000annualbonus.Burnems’loveofpoetrybeganatanearlyagewhenhewasstrugglingagainstdepression.HisEnglishteacherrecommendedhimtoreadpoetry,whichlaterbroughthimapeacefulmentalstateandhelpedhimrecoverfromdepression.Hesoondecidedthatpoetrywassomethinghewouldrunafterforhislifetime.“Peoplegravitatetopoetrybecausetheycanfindthemselvesinthepoems,”hesays.“Itallowsreaderstofeeltheemotionalpartofourexperiences.”Hesayspoetryisagreatplatformtodiscussmentalhealth.depressionandtheemotionalstressesthatcomewithdailylife.RelievingthosestressesiscentraltosomeoftheworkhedoeswithyoungpeopleLastyear.Burnemsstartedayouthpoetryproducingcompetitionforlocalhighschoolstudents.Burnemssayshelovesandsupportsdifferenttypesofart,andhisnextmoveistoexplorepoetrythroughcooperationacrossmediaRichmond’spaintingsonthewallareagoodexample.Hesays,“Richmondisgettingknownforthesebeautifulpaintingsondisplayacrossthecity,andIwanttoaddaliterarycomponenttothat.”1.WhatisBurnems’responsibilityasapoetlaureate?A.Creatingmoregoodpoems. B.Developinghisownprojects.C.Spreadingthepowerofpoetry. D.Bringingpoetryloverstogether.2.WhydidBurnemsdevelopagreatpassionforpoetry?A.Poetrymadehimmoreconfident.B.Poetryhelpedhimthroughatoughtime.C.HewasinfluencedbyhisEnglishteacher.D.Heviewedwritingpoemsasalifelongcareer.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gravitateto”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Takepridein. B.Beusedto. C.Breakawayfrom. D.Beattractedby.4.WhatisBurnemsgoingtodointhenearfuture?A.Toshifthisfocustopaintings. B.Tocombinepoetrywithotherarts.C.Toholdmorepoetrycompetitions. D.Tohelpyouthwithmentalproblems.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了里士满市宣布Burnems将成为该市第一位桂冠诗人，一位以诗歌成就著称的诗人。1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Burnemsisresponsibleforbeingapoetryadvocatebyprovidingaccesstopoetrythroughoutthecityandofferingopportunitiestousethepowerofwordstohealwounds,openheartsandminds,andbringpeopleclosertogether.(Burnems负责成为一名诗歌倡导者，通过在整个城市提供诗歌的途径，并提供机会使用文字的力量来治愈创伤、打开心灵和思想，并使人们更加紧密)”可知，Burnems的主要职责是向人们传播诗歌并让人们从中受益。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Burnems’loveofpoetrybeganatanearlyagewhenhewasstrugglingagainstdepression.HisEnglishteacherrecommendedhimtoreadpoetry,whichlaterbroughthimapeacefulmentalstateandhelpedhimrecoverfromdepression.(Burnems对诗歌的热爱始于他与抑郁症作斗争的早期。他的英语老师推荐他阅读诗歌，这使他后来获得了平静的精神状态，帮助他从抑郁中恢复过来)”可知，诗歌让Burnems从抑郁中获得了平静的精神状态。故选B项。3.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句““Peoplegravitatetopoetrybecausetheycanfindthemselvesinthepoems,”hesays.“Itallowsreaderstofeeltheemotionalpartofourexperiences.”(“人们gravitateto诗歌，因为他们可以在诗歌中找到自己，”他说,“它还让读者能够感受到我们经历中的情感部分。”)”可知，根据后半句引导的原因状语从句作为解释，“因为人们在诗歌中找到自我，在诗歌中感受到自身经历的情感”。由此推知，前半句是说人们喜欢诗歌。由此推知，划线词组gravitateto意为“被吸引”。A项“为某事感到自豪”；B项“习惯于”；C项“摆脱”；D项“被……所吸引”。故选D项。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句话“hisnextmoveistoexplorepoetrythroughcooperationacrossmediaRichmond’spaintingsonthewallareagoodexample.(他的下一步是通过跨媒体合作探索诗歌，里士满墙上的画就是一个很好的例子)”可知，他打算把诗歌和画结合，说明是把诗歌和其他艺术结合。故选B项。2ItwastheearlymorningofAugust5,1888,andherhusbandwasstillsleeping.Sheleftanoteforherhusbandonthetable,sayingthatsheandtheirtwosonshadalreadylefttovisitPforzheim,Germany,90kilometersaway.Shepurposelydidn’tmentionhermeansoftransportation.Itwasn’tuntilCarlBenzcheckedtheworkshopinhisfactorythatherealizedhisfamilyhadn’ttakenthetrain.Hisnewinventionwasgone.Berthahadjustcommittedtheworld’sfirstcartheft.Herhusbandwasabrilliantengineerwhohaddesignedtheworld’sfirstautomobilein1885.However,withoutsharpbusinessmind,hisproductwasn’tgoinganywhere.Berthaunderstoodwhateverymodernbusinessknows:marketingaproductrequiresdifferentskillsthandesigningone.Toprovideaproofthatthevehiclewasreliableandcouldalsomasterlong-distanceroutes,sheintendedtodrivewiththemotorfromMannheimtoPforzheimtoshowwhatitcoulddo.Oncethethreehittheroad,theyhadtoconquernovelproblems.At2.5horsepower,theycouldnotclimbsteepslopeswithoutpushingitfrombehind.Goingdownhill,thecarburntoutthebrakeshoes.Berthastoppedoffatacobblerandaskedhimtoequipthebrakeshoeswithaleatherlining.Insodoing,BerthaBenzbecametheinventorofbrakelining.Thefuelamountwasalsounderestimated.BerthamadeherfirstfuelpurchaseattheStadtapotheke,wherethestorestillproudlydisplaysasignofbeingthefirstgasstationintheworld.Followingthe“firstshock”,aswritteninhismemoirs,Carlfeltaninnerprideinhiswife’sdaring“testdrive”.AndsalessoonsteppedupwiththespreadofBertha’sdaringtrip.Today,driverscanstillexperiencethispartofMercedes-BenzsuccessstoryalongtheBerthaBenzMemorialRoutebetweenMannheimandPforzheim,justasthefirstwomandriverdid.5.WhydidBerthasecretlytaketheroadtrip?A.Tosavemoneyonlong-distancetrainfares.B.Toteachchildrenhowtodriveautomobiles.C.ToprovetheperformanceofCarl’sinvention.D.Tounderstandtheknowledgeofmodernbusiness.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“novel”inParagraph3mean?A.Unexpected. B.Common. C.Additional. D.Slight.7.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutBertha’strip?A.Bertha’stripendedattheStadtapotheke.B.Bertha’striphelpedtopromotecarbusiness.C.Thecarturnedouttobeafailureontheroad.D.Berthafixedthebrakeshoesherselfduringthetrip.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ARegrettableCrime B.ASurprisingDiscoveryC.ACreativeInvention D.APioneeringUndertaking【答案】5.C6.A7.B8.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了CarlBenz的妻子Bertha为了证明Carl的发明的性能，秘密地进行了公路旅行。在这次旅行中发现了存在一些问题同时Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。5.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Toprovideaproofthatthevehiclewasreliableandcouldalsomasterlong-distanceroutes,sheintendedtodrivewiththemotorfromMannheimtoPforzheimtoshowwhatitcoulddo.(为了证明这辆车是可靠的，也能掌握长距离的路线，她打算驾驶着这辆车从曼海姆到普福尔茨海姆来展示它的能力)”可知，Bertha秘密地进行公路旅行是为了证明Carl的发明的性能。故选C。6.词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“At2.5horsepower,theycouldnotclimbsteepslopeswithoutpushingitfrombehind.Goingdownhill,thecarburntoutthebrakeshoes.”可知，在2.5马力的马力下，如果不从后面推它，他们就无法爬上陡峭的斜坡。下坡时，汽车的刹车片烧坏了，可见车上路后出现了一些意外的问题，故画线词意思是“意外的”。A.Unexpected.意外的；B.Common.普通的；C.Additional.额外的；D.Slight.轻微的。故选A。7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“AndsalessoonsteppedupwiththespreadofBertha’sdaringtrip.(随着Bertha大胆旅行的传播，销售额很快就增加了)”可知，Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。故选B。8.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Today,driverscanstillexperiencethispartofMercedes-BenzsuccessstoryalongtheBerthaBenzMemorialRoutebetweenMannheimandPforzheim,justasthefirstwomandriverdid.(今天，沿着从曼海姆到普福尔茨海姆的伯莎·奔驰纪念路线，司机们仍然可以体验到梅赛德斯-奔驰成功故事的这一部分，就像第一位女司机一样)”结合主要讲述了CarlBenz的妻子Bertha为了证明Carl的发明的性能，秘密地进行了公路旅行。在这次旅行中发现了存在一些问题同时Bertha的旅行促进了汽车行业的发展。可知，D选项“开拓性的事业”最符合文章标题。故选D。3WhentheirdaughterMoreystartedkindergarten,theBelangerfamilywereworriedbecausetheir6-year-olddaughterwasdeaf.Ratherthansendhertoaspecialschoolfordeafchildren,Morey'sparentsdecidedtogiveheratraditionalschoolexperienceandsendhertoDaytonConsolidatedSchool.Theyworriediftheirdaughterwouldbeabletomakefriends.Theyalsohadconcernsastohowherclassmateswouldtreatherandwhetherherteacherswouldbeabletohelpherlearneffectively(有效地).Butthentheschoolhadaresponsetheyneverexpected—teachingalltheirstudentsandstaffsignlanguage.Thatway,everyonecouldcommunicatewithMoreyonapersonallevel."Iabsolutelyfeellikeitmakesherfeelwelcomed,"saidMorey'smom."IthinkallthekidsfeelexcitedthattheyknowanotherlanguageandIthinktheythinkit'sfun.Itmakesmehappytoseehersupported,lovedandaccepted.Moreyisexcitedtogotoschooleveryday.She'smadereallygoodfriendships."Notonlydidtheylearnsignlanguage，buttheyalsoputupsignlanguagepostersinthehallsandequippedaspecialhearingsystem.Additionally,theyprovidedextratrainingsothatteacherscouldbecomemorefamiliarwiththelanguage.“Morey,withoutevenknowingit,hastaughtussomuch,"saysheadmasterKimberlySampietro."She'sbroughtaculturetooursystemthatwedidn'thavebefore.Moreyhelpedthewholeclasstolearnthealphabet.Thekidslookuptoher,theywantheraround,andtheywanttopartnerwithher.”Morey'shearinglossisaresultofaconditionthat'ssorarethatit'sneverbeennamed.However,thankstothehardworkandgoodwillofherclassmatesandteachers,shecancommunicatewiththemonherterms.9.WhatconcernedtheBelangerswhenMoreystartedkindergarten?A.Thattheywouldhavetoseparatefromher.B.Thattheycouldhardlyaffordhereducation.C.Whethershecouldleadanormalschoollife.D.Whethershecouldreceivespecialtraining.10.WhydidDaytonConsolidatedSchoolteachalltheirstudentsandstaffsignlanguage?A.Toequipthemwithonemorepracticalskill.B.Todevelopcloserstudent-teacherrelationships.C.Outofconcernfortheirteachingeffectiveness.D.Outofconcernforastudentwithspecialneeds.11.WhatdoesMorey'smomthinkofthekindergarten'sresponse?A.Inspiringanduseful. B.Dullbutworthwhile.C.Consideratebutcomplex. D.Shockingandcontroversial.12.WhatdoKimberlySampietro'swordsinparagraph4imply?A.Moreyisgoodatteachingothers.B.Moreyisn'ttheonlyonewhobenefited.C.Moreyhasbecomeasymbolofthekindergarten.D.Moreyhasn'tbroughtanychangestothekindergarten.【答案】9.C10.D11.A12.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了6岁的莫雷失聪了。莫雷的父母并没有把她送往聋哑儿童的特殊学校，而是决定给她提供传统的学校经历，而学校不仅帮助老师和同学学习手语，而且还在大厅张贴手语海报，并配备了特殊的听觉设备来帮助莫雷。9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theyworriediftheirdaughterwouldbeabletomakefriends.Theyalsohadconcernsastohowherclassmateswouldtreatherandwhetherherteacherswouldbeabletohelpherlearneffectively.(他们担心女儿能否交到朋友。他们还担心她的同学会如何对待她，以及她的老师是否能够帮助她有效地学习)”可知，莫雷开始上幼儿园时，班朗一家人担心她是否可以过正常的学校生活，故选C项。10.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Butthentheschoolhadaresponsetheyneverexpected—teachingalltheirstudentsandstaffsignlanguage.Thatway,everyonecouldcommunicatewithMoreyonapersonallevel.(但后来学校做出了一个出乎意料的反应——教所有学生和教职员工手语。这样，每个人都可以与莫雷进行个人层面的交流)”可知，代顿综合学校教所有学生和员工手语是出于对有特殊需要的学生的关注。故选D项。11.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Itmakesmehappytoseehersupported,lovedandaccepted.Moreyisexcitedtogotoschooleveryday.She'smadereallygoodfriendships.(看到她被支持、被爱、被接受，我很高兴。莫雷每天上学都很兴奋。她交了很好的朋友)”可推知，莫雷的妈妈认为幼儿园的反应是激励人心且有用的。故选A项。12.推理判断题。根据第四段“She'sbroughtaculturetooursystemthatwedidn,thavebefore.Moreyhelpedthewholeclasstolearnthealphabet.Thekidslookuptoher,theywantheraround,andtheywanttopartnerwithher.(她给我们的系统带来了一种我们以前没有的文化。莫雷帮助全班同学学习字母表。孩子们尊敬她，他们希望她在身边，他们希望和她成为搭档)”可推知，金伯利·桑皮耶特罗的话意味着莫雷不是唯一受益的人。故选B项。4ThebellforlunchrangatGlendalePrimarySchool.However,insteadofheadingtothecanteenlikealltheotherchildrendid,Jonah,anewstudentattheschool,wenttothelibrary.Otherthanthenoiseoftheair-conditioner,thelibrarywasquietandtherewasbarelyasoulinsight.Farinacorner,hespottedMrsLim,thelibrarian,whowastoobusyshelvingsomebookstopayanyattentiontohim.Thelibrarywasneartothecanteen.Jonahcouldhearchildrenlaughingandchatting.Hewishedhewasoutsideplayingwithsomefriendsbuthedidnotletthisbotherhim.Suddenly,Jonahheardasoundinthecorner.Helookedaroundandsawapairofeyeslookingathimfrombehind,thebookshelves.Jonahturnedback,eyesaswideassaucers(茶碟).“Ohdear!”hewhispered.Hepeeked(窥视)overhisshoulderagainandsawasmallerboywalkingtowardshim.TheboypulledoutthechairnexttoJonahandsatdown.“I’mHenry.Whyareyoureadingherewhenyoucouldbeplayingwithyourfriendsinstead?”askedhe.“Uh...”Jonahlookedaroundthelibrary,avoidingHenry’sgaze(注视).HedidnotwantHenrytoknowtherealreasonwhyhewasinthelibrary.WhatwouldHenrythinkofhimifheknewJonahdidnothaveanyfriends?ItwouldmakeJonahfeelmoreuncomfortable.AsJonahturnedthepage,herealizedHenrywasstillsittingthere,watchinghimsteadily.“Iknowhowyoufeel.Justsayhellotosomeonetoday,”HenryencouragedJonah.“Ipromisethey’llrespond.Onceyou’vemadethefirstmove,itjustgetseasier.”Jonahappreciatedtheadviceandthankedhimbeforemakinghiswayoutofthelibrary.Inthehallwayoutsidethelibrary,aboyfromJonah’sclasswascrouchedonthefloor,pickinguppensandpencilsthathaddroppedoutofhispencilcase.JonahrememberedwhatHenryhadadvisedhimtodo.“Hello,I’mJonah.Letmehelpyou,”heoffered.Theboylookedupathim.“Thankyou!MynameisRuben.”Victoryatlast,Jonahthought,feelingproudofhimself.13.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.ThethoughtofplayingoutsidebotheredJonah.B.Thelibrarywasnotcrowdedatlunchtime.C.Thelibrarianwasannoyedbythenoiseoutside.D.Jonahhadhadlunchbeforegoingtothelibrary.14.WhywereJonah’seyes“aswideassaucers”inparagraph2?A.Heturnedtooquicklyandfeltalittledizzy.B.Hewasshockedbythepairofeyespeekingathim.C.Hewastoothinbecauseoflackingenoughnutrition.D.Hedidn’texpectthesmallerboywouldcometohim.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3referto?A.Jonah’snothavinganyfriendsintheschool.B.Henry’simpolitenessinaskingthequestion.C.Jonah’sshynessafterhefoundHenry’sgaze.D.Henry’sthoughtofJonahifheknewJonah’srealsituation.16.WhywasJonahproudofhimselfatlast?A.HehadneverdoubtedorforgottenHenry’sadvice.B.Hehadcompletedagooddeedofhelpingaclassmate.C.Hehadmanagedtoovercomehisfearandshyness.D.Hehadmetaclassmatewhowasinthesamesituation.【答案】13.B14.B15.D16.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了乔纳是个害羞的孩子，这天他一个人躲到了图书馆里去了，遇到了亨利，最后在亨利的鼓励下，第一次和别人打了招呼。13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Otherthanthenoiseoftheair-conditioner,thelibrarywasquietandtherewasbarelyasoulinsight.(除了空调的噪音，图书馆很安静，几乎看不到一个人)”可知，此处表示午餐时间图书馆并不拥挤。故选B项。14.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Helookedaroundandsawapairofeyeslookingathimfrombehind,thebookshelves.Jonahturnedback,eyesaswideassaucers(茶碟).“Ohdear!”hewhispered.(他环顾四周，看见一双眼睛从书架后面看着他。乔纳转过身来，眼睛睁得像碟子一样大。”哦，天哪！”他低声说)”可知，此处表示一双眼睛从书架后面盯着他看，他惊呆了，所以眼睛才会像碟子一样大。故选B项。15.指代猜测题。根据第三段中“WhatwouldHenrythinkofhimifheknewJonahdidnothaveanyfriends?ItwouldmakeJonahfeelmoreuncomfortable.(如果亨利知道乔纳没有朋友，他会怎么想他？这会让乔纳觉得更不舒服)”可知，此处表示“It”指代如果亨利知道乔纳没有朋友，他会对乔纳有什么想法。故选D项。16.推理判断题。根据第五段中“Onceyou’vemadethefirstmove,itjustgetseasier.(一旦你迈出了第一步，事情就变得简单多了)”和倒数三段““Hello,I’mJonah.Letmehelpyou,”heoffered.Theboylookedupathim.“Thankyou!MynameisRuben.”Victoryatlast,Jonahthought,feelingproudofhimself.(“你好，我是乔纳。“让我来帮你，”他说。男孩抬头看着他。”非常感谢。我叫鲁本。“终于胜利了，乔纳心想，为自己感到骄傲)”可知，此处表示乔纳设法克服了恐惧和羞怯，第一次和别人打了招呼，并且帮助了同学。故选C项。5Dad’scombwasjadegreen.IheardheboughtitwhenhemarriedMum,whichmadethecombtwoyearsolderthanIwas.Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethecombandsay,“BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?”Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefivethismundanetaskbroughtmesuchjoy.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetapon,thenbrushthecombwithausedtoothbrushashardasI

could.SatisfiedthatI’ddoneagoodjob,IwouldproudlyreturnthecombtoDad.Hewouldsmileatmeandplacethe

combontopofhiswallet.Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedtochange.Hedidn’tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto–justacoupleoftimesaweek.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.Today,I’mnolongerakid.I’vegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad’sbusinesshasgotbackontrack.Thingsarebetternow.YettheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmepersisted.Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouliketohelpmecleanmycomb?”Ilookedathimawhile,thentookthecomband

headedtothesink.IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhasaged.Hehaswrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiles,yethissmileisstillasheartwarmingasbefore.Thesmileofafatherwhojustwantsagoodlifeforhisfamily.Dadcarefullyplacedhiscombontopofhiswallet.Aftersomanyyears,hestillorganizeshispersonalitemsinthesamemeticulousway.Iguesssomethingsneverchange.Andforthat,I’mglad.17.WhatcausedtheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandme?A.Generationgap. B.Dad’sfailureinbusiness.C.MyignoranceofDad. D.Dad’sabsencefromthefamily.18.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDad?A.Gentlebutstrict. B.Hardworkingandcaring.C.Cautiousandrealistic. D.Demandingbutpatient.19.WhydidDadaskhisdaughtertocleanhiscombbeforeherbirthday?A.Togiveheralesson. B.Tofollowhisoldhabit.C.Tofixtheirrelationship. D.Topraiseherhelpfulness.20.Whichsayingconcludesthetextbest?A.Yesterdayoncemore. B.Letbygonesbebygones.C.Somethingsneverchange. D.Likefather,likedaughter.【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢给父亲清理梳子，后来父亲因为生意繁忙常不在家，和作者逐渐疏远，后来作者大学毕业参加工作，爸爸的生意又重回正轨了，然而作者和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在。直到后来在作者生日前两天，父亲提早回家并让作者给自己清理梳子，并且像以前一样，用同样细致的方式整理自己的个人物品。作者想有些事情永远不会改变，感到很高兴。17.细节理解题。根据第三段“Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedtochange.Hedidn’tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto–justacoupleoftimesaweek.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.(大约两年后，爸爸辞去了销售工作，开始了自己的批发生意。我开始上小学。从那时起，事情开始发生变化。他不像以前那样经常回家了——一周只有几次。当他真的回家时，总是很晚，而我已经上床睡觉了。我开始生气了。我不再等他回家，也不再下楼去看他)”以及第四段“Today,I’mnolongerakid.I’vegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad’sbusinesshasgotbackontrack.Thingsarebetternow.YettheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmepersisted.(今天，我不再是个孩子了。我大学毕业了，找到了工作。爸爸的生意又重回正轨了。现在情况好多了。然而，我和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在)”可知，父亲经常不在家里导致了爸爸和作者之间令人不安的沉默。故选D。18.推理判断题。根据第三段“Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedtochange.Hedidn’tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto–justacoupleoftimesaweek.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.(大约两年后，爸爸辞去了销售工作，开始了自己的批发生意。我开始上小学。从那时起，事情开始发生变化。他不像以前那样经常回家了——一周只有几次。当他真的回家时，总是很晚，而我已经上床睡觉了。我开始生气了。我不再等他回家，也不再下楼去看他)”以及倒数第三段“Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouliketohelpmecleanmycomb?”Ilookedathimawhile,thentookthecombandheadedtothesink.(去年我生日的前两天，爸爸提早回家了。像往常一样，我帮他把包搬进书房。当我转身要离开时，他说：“嘿，你能帮我清理一下梳子吗？”我看了他一会儿，然后拿着梳子走向水槽)”可推知，父亲为了生意早出晚归，可见他努力工作，同时为了修复和女儿的关系，让女儿在生日前给自己清理梳子，可见他关心他人。故选B。19.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouliketohelpmecleanmycomb?”Ilookedathimawhile,thentookthecombandheadedtothesink.(去年我生日的前两天，爸爸提早回家了。像往常一样，我帮他把包搬进书房。当我转身要离开时，他说：“嘿，你能帮我清理一下梳子吗？”我看了他一会儿，然后拿着梳子走向水槽)”可知，爸爸要他的女儿在她生日前给他洗梳子是为了修复他们的关系。故选C。20.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Iguesssomethingsneverchange.Andforthat,I’mglad.(我想有些事情永远不会改变。对此，我很高兴)”结合文章讲述了作者小时候很喜欢给父亲清理梳子，后来父亲因为生意繁忙常不在家，和作者逐渐疏远，后来作者大学毕业参加工作，爸爸的生意又重回正轨了，然而作者和爸爸之间令人不安的沉默依然存在。直到后来在作者生日前两天，父亲提早回家并让作者给自己清理梳子，并且像以前一样，用同样细致的方式整理自己的个人物品。作者想有些事情永远不会改变，感到很高兴。可推知，C选项“有些事情永远不会改变”最好地总结了这篇文章。故选C。6Thebellrang.Jadasighed,slowlymovedfromthelockerswheresheh