(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the world Language points (含解析)

UNIT5LanguagesaroundtheworldLanguagepoints请同学们认真完成[练案22]一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thisistheclassroom__where__theoldsoldierisgoingtogiveusaspeech.2．I’llneverforgetthetime__that/which/不填__wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.3．I’llneverforgettheday__when__IjoinedtheLeague.4．Iknowthegirl__whom__theteachertalkedwithyesterday.5．Shehastwosons,bothof__whom__graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.6．Istillremembertheday__when__wemetonthetrainforthefirsttime.7．Wevisitedthecarfactory__where__myuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.8．Therewasaperiodoftimeinhischildhood__when__helikedlisteningtostoriesverymuch.9．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfrom__whom__Ihavelearnedalot.10．Thereason__why__shechangedhermindisquiteclear.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子1．Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Helivedinthehouse10yearsago.→Thehouse__where/inwhich__helived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage__infrontofwhich__ranawindingriver.3．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesons,__allofwhom__areabroadnow.4．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,__thirtyofwhom__aregirls.5．Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedintheschool.→Theschool__where/inwhich__heoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.Ⅲ.用定语从句完成句子1．Thereason__whyhecouldnotgothere__wasthathewasillinbed.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。2．Wearelivinginanage__whenmanythingsaredone__onthecomputer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。3．Aftergraduationhereturnedtothesmalltown__where/inwhichhegrewup__.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。4．I’llneverforgetthedays__whenIworkedtogetherwithyou__.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。5．Istillrememberthetime__whenIfirsttraveled__byplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解ForeignvisitorstotheUKmightbedisappointedwhentheylearnthatnoteveryonetherespeakslikeHarryPotterandhisfriends.Usually，there’sanassumptionbymanynon－BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP，标准发音)accent，alsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”．However，whilemanypeopledotalkthisway，mostBritonsspeakintheirownregionalaccents.Scouse，GlaswegianandBlackCountry—fromLiverpool，GlasgowandtheWestMidlands—arejustthreeofthecountlessnon－RPaccentsthatBritishpeoplespeakwith.Thereareevendifferencesinaccentsbetweentownsorcitiesjust30kilometersapart.WhatisevenmoredisappointingisthatnotspeakinginaRPaccentmaymeanaBritishpersonisjudgedandeventreateddifferentlyintheireverydaylife.Ina2015studybyTheUniversityofSouthWales，videosofpeoplereadingapassageinthreedifferentUKaccentswereshowntoasecondgroupofpeople.Thegroupthenratedhowintelligenttheythoughtthereaderssounded.Thelowest－ratedaccentwasBrummie，nativetopeoplefromBirmingham，acitywhoseaccentisconsideredworkingclass.However，thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginanRPaccent.Infact，doingtheoppositemayevengiveyoustrength.KongSeong－jae,25，isanInternetcelebrityfromSeoul.AfterstudyingintheUK，hepickedupseveralregionalaccents.He’snowfamousforhisonlinevideos，whereheshowsoffthevariousaccentshe’slearned.“BritishpeopleusuallygetreallyexcitedwhenIusesomeoftheirlocaldialectwords，andtheybecomemuchfriendlier.Ithinkitmakesabitofbondbetweenlocalpeopleandforeignerstospeakintheirlocalaccent，”hesaid.Soifyou’reworkingonperfectingyourBritishaccent，trytospeaklikesomeonefromLiverpool，GlasgoworBirmingham.YoumaynotsoundlikeHarryPotter，butyouarelikelytomakemorefriends.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。这篇文章先是提到了大多数人想让自己的英语发音更地道，就去学习标准发音，它向读者提供了一个反其道而行之的建议，就是去学习英国的一些地方方言，这样你可能会交到更多的朋友。1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1？__A__A．Non－BritsusuallyholdthatallBritonsspeakinaRPaccent.B．Only“theQueen’sEnglish”isacceptedintheUK.C．ForeignvisitorsaredisappointedattheirownspokenEnglish.D．AnyReceivedPronunciationaroundtheworldisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Usually，there’sanassumptionbymanynon－BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP,标准发音)accent，alsocalled’theQueen’sEnglish’．”可知非英国人通常认为，所有的英国人都有标准口音。故选A。2．WhatdopeoplethinkoftheBrummieaccent？__D__A．FavoredbyforeignvisitorstotheUK.B．ClosesttotheRPaccent.C．Smartandeasytounderstand.D．Spokenbypeopleoflowerclass.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thelowest－ratedaccentwasBrummie，nativetopeoplefromBirmingham，acitywhoseaccentisconsideredworkingclass.”可知人们认为下层社会的人有Brummie口音。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doingtheopposite”inParagraph4referto？__B__A．SpeakinginaRPaccent.B．Speakinginregionalaccents.C．SpeakingtheBrummieaccent.D．SpeakinglikeHarryPotter.解析：词义猜测题。上文“However，thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginanRPaccent.”句意为：然而，尽管你没有使用标准发音，也没有必要感到失望。由此推断出“Infact，doingtheoppositemayevengiveyoustrength.”的意思是：事实上，说话带有地方口音甚至会给你力量。下文举了一个例子说明。故选B。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？__D__A．AstudyaboutthemostintelligentaccentinBritain.B．AcomparisonbetweendifferentBritishaccents.C．HowmuchBritishpeoplevaluetheRPaccent.D．Theimpactofregionalaccentsonpeople’slives.解析：主旨大意题。通过阅读文章，可知本文通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况，说明了地方口音对人们生活的影响。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空TheEnglishlanguageisdifferentfromanyotherlanguage.YetEnglishwordsdonotstaythe__1.D__.Theyarealwayschanging.Peopleneed__2.B__wordsfornewinventionsandnewideas.Differentwordscomeinto__3.B__，orolderwordsareusedinanewway.Englishcanchangeby__4.A__wordsfromotherlanguages.Tomatowasborrowed__5.B__MexicoandpajamasfromIndia.Thewordcoffee__6.A__fromTurkey,andteacamefromChina.Now，newspaceandsciencewordsarebeingborrowedfromothercountries，__7.C__.Newwordsarealsomade__8.D__addingtwowordstogether.Strawberry,popcorn,andgrandfatherarewordsmadeupof__9.C__parts.Sometimesnewwordsare__10.A__formsofolderwords.Thewordphotowasmadefromphotographbycuttingoffthe__11.B__ofthelongerword.Planewasmadebycuttingoffthe__12.C__partofairplane.Smogwasmadebyusingonlythefirsttwoandlasttwolettersfromthewordssmokeandfog.The__13.D__ofpeopleandproductscanbecomenewwords.Oursandwichwasnamed__14.B__amannamedSandwich.ScotchTape,Band－aid,andJellowerenamesmadeupbythecompaniesthatfirst__15.C__theproducts.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明英语不同于其他任何一种语言，它不是一成不变的。其中很多单词来自其他语言。1．A．old B．placeC．past D．same解析：通过第二段的提示“Englishcanchange...”以及第三、四段的内容可知。英语词汇不是一成不变的。故选D项。2．A．many B．newC．mixed D．difficult解析：由该句中的“newinventionsandnew...”可以看出，当新发明出现时，需要新的词汇对它进行命名。故选B项。3．A．books B．useC．life D．science解析：comeintouse为固定短语，意为“开始被使用”。故选B项。4．A．borrowing B．lendingC．moving D．sucking解析：由下文的提示“Tomatowasborrowed...”可以看出，有的英语词汇是从其他语言借鉴而来的。故选A项。5．A．in B．fromC．to D．between解析：由下文的“fromIndia”可以看出，“Tomato”借自墨西哥的语言。故选B项。6．A．came B．borrowedC．went D．brought解析：由后文的“camefromChina”可以看出该空答案为efrom“来自”。故选A项。7．A．either B．yetC．too D．already解析：由空格所在句可以看出，与太空和科学相关的新词汇也正在借鉴他国语言。too表示“也”时可用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。故选C项。8．A．with B．fromC．through D．by解析：by表示“通过某种方式”，符合该句语意。故选D项。9．A．seven B．elevenC．two D．ten解析：根据该句中所给的合成词可以看出，这些词都是由两个词构成的。故选C项。10．A．shorter B．simpleC．easier D．proper解析：由后文所举的例子photo是photograph的简写形式可以看出，有的新词汇是由旧词汇缩短而来的。故选A项。11．A．beginning B．endC．middle D．bottom解析：photo是将photograph的后半部分去掉后形成的新词。theendof“……的末尾”。故选B项。12．A．back B．behindC．front D．above解析：plane是将airplane的前半部分去掉后形成的。故选C项。13．A．spelling B．charactersC．addresses D．names解析：后文讲述的是各种产品的名称，故该空应选择names。故选D项。14．A．to B．afterC．by D．on解析：benamedafter为固定搭配，表示“以……命名”。故选B项。15．A．did B．gotC．made D．invented解析：that引导的定语从句修饰thecompanies，而公司与这些产品的关系应该是“生产”，即该句中所提到的产品的名字均来自首先制造这些产品的公司。故选C项。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Eliaswasborninthe20thcenturywhentheblackpeoplewereputintoamiserableposition__1.where__theyhadnorightsatall.Elias，likemostblackpeopleinSouthAfrica，hadlittle__2.education__(educate)andwasworried__3.about__whetherhewouldbecomeoutofwork.Thiswastheveryreason__4.why__hemetMandela.Mandelaalwaysencouragedhimnottoloseheart.Atthattime，blackpeoplehadnorightsof__5.voting__(vote)．Theycouldn’tgetjobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.Theyweresenttothepoorareas__6.where__noonecouldgrowfood.NelsonMandelaorganizedtheANCYouthLeaguetofightagainstthe__7.government__(govern)．Theyfirstbrokethelawina__8.peaceful__(peace)way.Whenitwasnotallowed，theydecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolence.So