(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第三册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues (含详解)

必修第三册Unit2MoralsandVirtues阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解ADoesyourgrouporteamneedhelp?Tryourchallengecourses!Weprovidevariousapproachesandopportunitiesforparticipants.Moreimportantly，allactivitiesareconductedinasafeenvironment!•Ourgoals

Bringparticipantstogetherinanewenvironmentwherethey’llshareacommonexperiencewhileworkingtogether.

Encouragegrouptrust.Participantsmustrelyonothers，completingthecourseasagroupandnotonanindividualbasis.

Overcomepersonalfearsoflackofconfidence.

Improvegoalssettingandproblem-solvingskills.

Encouragesafe，appropriateriskstakinginacaringenvironment.•PlanningaprogramAvarietyofchallengecourseprogramscanbedesigned.Workingwithyourgroup，thecenterwilldesignaprogrambasedonyourgroup’sgoals，schedule，groupsizeandbudget.Thecenteroffersteambuildingprogramsforyouth，adolescentsandadults.Highchallengecoursesarephysically，mentallyandemotionallychallenging.Aninstructionandtheequipmentareprovidedbythecenter.•Requirementsforhighchallengecourses

ClimbingTower—mustbe9yearsorolder.

HighRopes—mustbe12yearsorolder.•Grouppricing

LowChallengeCourse—$150/per15people

HighChallengeCourse—$300/per15people

Both—$400/per15peopleThetwocoursesareannuallyinspectedbyaprofessionalorganization—ChallengeDesignInnovations.Youcancontactthecenterbyphone434－348－5444orbyemailheathern@toplanyournextchallengecourseprogram!语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了某中心的一些挑战性课程的设置情况。1．Thechallengecourseprogramshelpparticipants.A．realizetheirdreamsB．notfeartotakerisksC．worktogetherasateamD．developself-learningability答案C解析细节理解题。根据Ourgoals部分中的“Encouragegrouptrust.Participantsmustrelyonothers，completingthecourseasagroupandnotonanindividualbasis.”可知，挑战课程帮助参与者培养团队合作精神。故选C。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthecenter?A．Itbenefitsespeciallythosewithspecialneeds.B．Itdesignsdifferentprogramsaccordingly.C．ItisrunbyChallengeDesignInnovations.D．Itisintendedforteenagers.答案B解析推理判断题。根据Planningaprogram部分可以推断，该中心是根据不同的情况设置相应的挑战项目。故选B。3．Howmuchshouldagroupof30youngteenagerspayforaHighChallengeCourse?A．300dollars. B．450dollars.C．600dollars. D．800dollars.答案C解析数字计算题。根据Grouppricing部分中的“HighChallengeCourse—$300/per15people”可知，高强度挑战课程每15人300美元，那么30人就需要600美元。故选C。B(2021·河南濮阳一中检测)IhavewelltravelledinSpainandvisitedagoodnumberofSpanishcities.However，nocitywilleverquitematchCádiz，whereIspentsixmonthsstudyingasastudent.Beforethat，IknewverylittleaboutCádizbutIdecidedtotakeariskandexploreit.Well，theriskcertainlypaidoff.Cádiz，Europe’soldestcity，hangsoffSpain’ssoutherncoastonapeninsula(半岛)，surroundedalmostentirelybywater.Asyouleavetheshadystreetsofthehistoricaloldcityandexploremoreofit，youaremetwithvastareasoftheblueAtlanticOceanandwhitesandybeaches，whichinmyopinionaresomeofthebestinSpain!OneofthegreatthingsaboutCádizisthewonderful，richcultureoffoodanddrink.Therearelittletapas(小吃)barsliningeverystreetandmostwillservetapasforaround1.50－2euros，meaningyoucantryawholevarietyofAndalusiandishes.Cádizhasalsocometobeknownas“TheSingingCity”．Itcomesfromtheannualcarnival(狂欢节)，oneofthebiggestinEurope.AverylargenumberofpeoplegotoCádiztoseeit.Duringthosetendays，Cádiz’snarrowstreetsarefilledwiththesoundofsingingasmusicalgroupsfightforaplaceinthecontest，whichtakesplaceonthelastSaturdayofcarnival.ThesongsperfectlyshowthesenseofhumoroftheGaditanos，who，besidesbeingsowarmandwelcoming，aresaidtohavethebestsenseofhumorinSpain!ThatismyexperienceofCádiz：awonderful，typicallyAndalusiancitywhichisoftenoverlookedbutwellworthavisit.IamcurrentlylivinginHuelva，justashortdrivefromCádiz，sopleasepayattentiontomynextsharing!语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者体验西班牙城市加迪斯的感受，着重讲述了加迪斯的地理位置、自然风光、食品文化以及“歌唱城市”这个名字的由来。4．Whatdoestheword“that”underlinedinParagraph2referto?A．StudyinginCádiz.B．Competinginamatch.C．Teachingastudent.D．Becominganexplorer.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段第二句的内容可知，画线词指代“在加迪斯学习”。故选A。5．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．TheunknownoriginandlonghistoryofCádiz.B．ThebeautifullifeofpeoplelivingtoCádiz.C．ThegeographicpositionandsceneryofCádiz.D．Theauthor’scomplexattitudetowardsCádiz.答案C解析段落大意题。通读第三段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了加迪斯的地理位置和景色。故选C。6．WhyisCádizcalled“TheSingingCity”？A．Anumberoflocalpeopleenjoyhumoroussongs.B．Singingiseverywhereduringabigannualcarnival.C．Manygrandcarnivalsattractwell-knownsingers.D．Alotofsingingcompetitionstakeplaceeachyear.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段第四句的内容可知，加迪斯被称为“歌唱之城”是因为在一年一度的狂欢节上，到处都是歌声。故选B。7．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．ApostontheInternet.B．Ageographytextbook.C．Atravelbrochure.D．Abiography.答案A解析文章出处题。根据最后一段最后一句的内容可推知，本文最有可能出自网上的一则帖子。故选A。C(2021·河北石家庄质检)Theterm“birdbrain”isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson’slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.However，somescientistsbelieveitshouldbeconsideredapraise，giventhatmanybirdscanperformhumantaskslikeproducingandusingtools，solvingproblems，andplanningforfutureneeds.Now，Griffin，anAfricanGreyparrot，hasprovedthatbirdsmayevenpossessbettervisualmemoriesthanhumanadultsandchildren.Thestudy，ledbyHragPailian，aresearcheratHarvardUniversity，hadtheparrotcompeteinthegameagainsttwenty-oneundergraduatestudentsandtwenty-one6to8-year-oldchildren.Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthreeormoreupside-downcups，whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.Tomakethetaskmorechallenging，theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo，three，andfourobjectsatthesametime.AnanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatGriffinoutperformedthe6to8-year-oldsacrossalllevelsonaverage.Evenmoreimpressive，the“birdbrain”performedaswellas，orslightlybetterthan，the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials!Itwasonlyinthefinaltwotests，whichhadthemostobjectsandmostmovement，thattheparrotfellbehindtheadults.However，Griffin’sperformancewasneverbelowthatofthechildren.Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthathadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans.“Thefactthatthesmartparrotlovestoshowoffhisbrainpowerinexchangeforafewcashews(腰果)didnothurteither，”saidIrenePepperberg，aHarvardlecturer，whohastrainedGriffinandseveralotherAfricanGreyparrots，hasbeenstudyingthespeciesforoverfourdecadesandisconsideredapioneerinthestudyofbirdintelligence.语篇解读本文为说明文。一项研究表明，鸟类甚至可能比成年人和儿童拥有更好的视觉记忆。8．Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A．Identifydifferentkindsofobjects.B．Tellwherethehiddenobjectlies.C．Trackotherparticipants’performance.D．Movearoundupside-downcups.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthreeormoreupside-downcups，whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.”可知，参与者被要求说出物体藏在哪个杯子。故选B。9．Whatdidtheresultsofthestudyindicate?A．6to8-year-oldsdidbetterthanGriffin.B．Parrotshaveabettermemorythanotherbirds.C．Harvardstudentshaveabettervisualmemory.D．GriffinoutsmartedHarvardstudentsinsometrials.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Evenmoreimpressive，the‘birdbrain’performedaswellas，orslightlybetterthan，the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials！”可知，在一些测试中，格里芬比哈佛的学生更聪明，故选D。10．WhywasGriffinchosenfortheexperiment?A．Itwasgoodatmakingdecisions.B．Itwasspeciallytrainedforexperiments.C．Ithadsimilarbrainfunctionstohumanbeings.D．Itlovedtoshowoffhislanguagepowerforsometreats.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthathadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans.”可知，格里芬之所以被选为实验对象，是因为它的大脑功能与人类相似。故选C。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．“BirdBrain”BecomesaTermforaStupidPersonB．HarvardLecturerPioneersinBirdIntelligenceStudyC．ParrotOutsmartedHarvardStudentsinVisualMemoryTestD．ResearchersMadeNewDiscoveriesaboutHumanIntelligence答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以非洲灰鹦鹉为研究对象，结果显示鸟类甚至可能比成年人和儿童拥有更好的视觉记忆。“鹦鹉在视觉记忆测试中比哈佛学生聪明”作为标题最佳，故选C。DUpto40%ofallfoodintheUnitedStatesiswasted.Producingfoodthatpeopledon’tconsumeswallowsuproughly20%ofAmerica’scroplandandagriculturalwater，andproducesgreenhousegasemissions(排放物)equalto37millionpassengervehicleseachyear.Yet,37millionAmericanslackconsistentaccesstoadequateandnutritiousfood.NRDC’sFoodMattersInitiativepartnerscitiestoconfrontfoodwaste.FoodMattersispilotingall-round，cutting-edgestrategiesthatareeasytofollowandshare.Thefirsttwostrategies—andarguablythemostcriticalones—aretoestimatealocalbaselineleveloffoodwasteandthenassessthepotentialforrescuingsurplusfood.Abaselineisnecessaryinordertounderstandthescaleandnaturaloftheproblem.Itisalsoaprerequisite(先决条件)toassessinganyprogressmade，whichwillhelpinformfutureprogramdevelopment.UsingacalculatortoolNRDCdevelopedbasedontheFoodMattersresearchmodels，theAtlanta’sMayor’sOfficeofResiliencehadabetterunderstandingofthequalitiesofwastedfoodandwhereitwaslikelyoccurring.ThisallowedthecitytofocustheattentiononthesolutionsthatweremorecloselyrelatedtothesituationinAtlanta.AsinmanycitiesacrosstheU．S.，muchofthefoodwastedinAtlantaoccursinhouseholdsandconsumer-facingbusinessessuchasrestaurants.Armedwiththisinformation，theMayor’sOfficeofResilience，createsarestaurantchallengeencouragingrestaurantstoworkontheentiresystemofreduction，rescue，andrecycling.After90daysandparticipationfrom6restaurantsatAtlanta’sHartsfieldJacksonairport，theprogramrescued21,000mealsandsavedownersover$62,000.Atlanta’srestaurantchallengeisoneofahandfulofexampleswherecitieshaveengaged(吸引)consumer-facingfoodbusinessestoreducetheirfoodwaste.NewYorkledthechargewithaMayor’schallengetorestaurants.Denverrecentlycompletedaseriesofneighborhoodrestaurantchallenges.NashvillehasanongoingMayor’sFoodSaverChallenge，includingnotjustrestaurantsbutotherfoodbusinessesaswell.Severalothercitiesandcountriesthroughoutthecountryhavesimilarbusinessengagementsuccessstories.语篇解读本文是说明文。在美国，高达40%的食物被浪费了。文章介绍了美国一些城市为应对食品浪费所做出的努力。12．WhatarethedatamainlyaboutinParagraph1?A．Theharmoffoodwaste.B．Thecauseoffoodpollution.C．Theimportanceoffoodsafety.D．Thesolutiontofoodwaste.答案A解析推理判断题。文章第一段中提到一系列的数据“高达40%的食物被浪费了。生产并不吃的粮食消耗了大约20%的农作物耕地和农业用水，产生的温室气体排放物相当于3700万车辆一年的排放量。而另一方面，3700万美国人并不能持续获得充足和有营养的食物”，由此可知，这些数据是说明食物浪费造成的损失。13．HowdoesAtlantabenefitfromthecalculatortoolofNRDC?A．Itmakesnewplansforbanningfoodwaste.B．Ithelpsthecitybetterworkonthesolutions.C．Itteststheworkefficiencyofthegovernment.D．Itincreasesthepotentialforrecyclingfoodwaste.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，亚特兰大市通过使用NRDC的计算器工具，对浪费食物的性质和可能发生的地点有更好的了解，这有助于该市更好地解决问题。14．Whatistherestaurantchallengemainlyabout?A．Inspiringcustomerstoorderfoodbasedonactualneed.B．Teachingwaiterstodealwithfoodwasteinthegreenerway.C．Encouragingrestaurantstoreducefoodwasteineveryprocess.D．Makingrestaurantscompetewitheachotherinwasterecycling.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“theMayor’sOfficeofResilience，createsarestaurantchallengeencouragingrestaurantstoworkontheentiresystemofreduction，rescue，andrecycling”可知，餐馆挑战主要是鼓励餐馆在每个过程中减少食物浪费。15．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．RestaurantchallengesonlyworkinAmerica.B．Moreandmorecitiesarefocusingonfoodwaste.C．Foodbusinessesarethemainsourcesoffoodwaste.D．Itisdifficulttocompletetherestaurantchallenges.答案B解析推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Atlanta’srestaurantchallengeisoneofahandfulofexampleswherecitieshaveengaged(吸引)consumer-facingfoodbusinessestoreducetheirfoodwaste.”，下文列举纽约、丹佛、那什维尔以及其他一些城市和乡村在减少食物浪费方面采取的行动，说明越来越多的城市致力于减少食物浪费。Ⅱ.七选五GetaHealthyHomeMostofushavespentmoretimeathomein2020thanweeverimaginedpossible.1Thesetipscanhelpmakeyourhomebetterforyourbodyandmind.Takeoffyourshoesatyourdoor.Thinkaboutkeepingyourhomecleantheminuteyouwalkin.AUniversityofArizonastudyfoundthattheaverageshoecontainsnearly421,000differentbacteria(细菌)，includingEscherichiacoilandstrep.Pesticides(杀虫剂)andcleaningchemicalscanalsocomeintoyourhomeviayourshoes.2Freshenthewalls.Ifthewallsinyourhomefeelasifthey’reclosingin，maybeit’stimetofindanewcoatofpaint.3ResearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafoundthatblueboostscreativity，whileredincreasesattentiontodetail.4