讲义-通用英语语法

Lecture

Six（分论之五：副词性从句）本节课授课要点状语从句的本质状语从句的分类状语从句分论状语从句连接词的特殊形式状语从句的省略用关系词体现两个句子之间的逻辑关系。状语从句的本质本节课授课要点状语从句的本质状语从句的分类状语从句分论状语从句连接词的特殊形式状语从句的省略种类连接词wh n,

whenever,

whi

e,

as,

before,

after

until

till,

by

th时间状语

tim

,

oon

as

har ly..

when,

no

sooner.

.

than,

thmoment,

the

minut ,

mmedia y,

direc

y,

instantly主句表示将来意义时，

从句须用一般现在时；while

引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；unti

用在肯定句中句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语

where,

where

r原因状语

because

as,

s

nce,

n

w

hat条件状语

if,

un

ess,

once in

case, s

long

aon

co d

tion

thatbecaus

语气最强，s

nc

较弱，表示大家都明了的原因

as

又次之。从句中动词时态不 用将来时，常用一般时代替。so

that

和n

order

that

后常接may，should，could，would

等情态动词。more目的状语

so

that,

in

o

der

t at,

for

fear

hat结果状语

so.

that,

such...

that比较状语

than

s.

as,

not

so/a .

as

the

more

..

th方式状语

as

if,

as

th

ug

asas

if

和though

引导的从句一般用虚拟语气though,

although,

even

if,

even

though,

as,

no

matter让步状语whawhatever,

no

matter

who,

who ver,

no

matterwhichhicheve

,

no

mat

er

how,

however,

no

matterwh ,

whenevera

在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；a

hough

和

th

ugh正常语序，可和

et

连用，但不可和

but

连用。本节课授课要点状语从句的本质状语从句的分类状语从句分论状语从句连接词的特殊形式状语从句的省略1.时间状语从句when，as

whileWhen I

fall

in

love,

it’ll

be

forever,

or

I’ll

never

fall

in

ove.When

Igive

my

heart,

it’ll

be

complete,

or

I’ll

never

give

my

heartA

detective

arrested

a

criminal

and

was

a

out

to

handcuff

himwhen

a

huge

gust

of

wind

blew

the

detective’s

hat

off.when，as，whileThe

phone

rang

whi

e

I

was

taking

my

bathA

detective

arrested

a

inal

and

was

about

toandcuff

him

when

ahuge

gust

of

wind

blew

the

detective’s

hat

off“Shall

I

go

and

fetch

it?

the

inal

asked.“Do

you

take

me

for a

fool?”

asked

the

detecti

e“You

wait

here

while

I

go

and

get

it!The

hydrogen,

being

lighter

probably

rose and

escd

into

outerspace

while

the

oxygen

emained

in

the

atmosphere.1.时间状语从句when

as，while

As

human

population

continues

to

grow

the

effect

of

pollutionon

wildlife

worsens.1.时间状语从句till和until意义相同肯定：做某事直到某时否定 直到某时才做某事动词延续、非延续均可until可用于句首，till一般不用于句首Wait

until

(till)

he

comes

back.One

wi

l

never

realize

how

much

and

how

little

he

knowsuntil

he

starts

talking1.时间状语从句句型一：It

is

not

until…that…

（强调句型）It

was

not

until

very

recently

that

I

fully

comprehended

it.1.时间状语从句句型二：Not

until在句首，这时主句用倒装。N

o

t

until

the

ea

ly

years

of

the

19th

century

did

man

knowwhat damages

they

had

caused

to

Mother

Nature.1.时间状语从句y/the

moment一…就…It began

to

rain

as

soon

as/immediaI

arrived

home.N

o

soone

had

I

arrived

home

than

it began

to

rain.Hardly/scarcely

had

I

arrived

home

when

it began

to

rain1.时间状语从句Stay

where

you

areGenerally

air

will

heavily

pollu

ed

where

there

are

fa

tories.2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句because,

for,

since,

asbecauseI

didn’t

marry

her because

I

loved

her.Because

of

due

to,

owning

toWe

had

an

accident

because

he

was

careless.We

had

an

accident

due

to his

carelessness.Owning

to his

carelessness

we

had

an

accident3.原因状语从句in

that

比because贴切。English

has

an

advantage

over

most

of

the

other

languages

inthat

it

has

e,

so

to

speak an

international

language.Blue-winged

warblers

are

unl

ke

most

species

of

warbler

in

thatit is

very

difficult

to l

the

male

and

female

apart.3.原因状语从句in

that在解释事物的差异或说明有何特别之处时seeing

that,

now

that,

considering

that,

given

thatSeeing

that,

it

is

raining

hard,

we

ll

have

to

stay

here

for

thenight.They

did

the

job

ery

well,

considering

that

they

had

noexpe

ience.Given

that

they

are

inexperienced,

they

have

done

a

good

job.N

o

w

that

you

are

eighteen,

you

can

get

a

driver’s

license.3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句so

that

in

order

that

thatThey

carved

the

words

on

the

stone

so

that/in

order

that

thefuture

generation

should/might

remember

wha

they

had

done.We

climbed

high

(so)

that

we

might

get

a

better

viewThe

teacher

raised

his

voice

in

order

that

the

students

in

theba

k

could

hear

more

clearly.4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句so…that,

such…that,

so

that,

such

thatHis

anger

was

so

explosive

that

he

los

control

of

himse

f.His

anger

was

such

that

he

lost

control

of

himself.The

weather is

so

hot

that

we can

only stay

in

air-conditionedplaces.The

weather

is

such

that

we

can

only

stay

in

air

conditionedpl

ces.5.结果状语从句if,unless6.条件状语从句真实条件句••unless

=

if

notLet's

go

out

for a

walk

unless

you

are

too

tired.If

you

are

not

too

tied, e

's

go

out

for a

walk6.条件状语从句非真实条件句（虚拟语气）6.条件状语从句7.让步状语从句though,

although

even

though,

even

if真的是固定搭配”吗？He is

very

o

d,

but

he

still

works

very

hardThough

the

sore

be

healed,

yet

a

scar

may

remain.7.让步状语从句"no

matter

+疑问词"

或"疑问词+

后缀ever"N

o

matter

what

you

say

is

of

no

use

nowPrisoners

have

to

eat

no

matter

wha

they

re

g

ven.7.让步状语从句8.方式状语从句as,

like,

as

if,

as

though,

the

w

yWhen

in

Rome,

do

a

the

Romans

do.t

the

way

you

were

taught.He

looks

as

though/as

if

he

is

an

actor.8.方式状语从句Work

like

you

don’t

need

the

money.Love

like

you’ve

never

been

hurt.Dancing

like

nobody’s

watchingSing

like

nobody’s

singing.Live

like

it’s

heaven

on

earth.8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句一、as...as...句型二、a

.

as...句型not

as(so)...as..

句型not

so

much...as...句型not

so

much

as...句型+

than

to do...句型三、more...than..句型more

A

than

B

句型more

than

句型no

more..than...句型一、as...

as

.

句型（一）as…as…句型My

parcel

is

as

heavy

as

yoursShe

is

as

much

in

erested

in

music

as

everThe

economic

development

in

our

country is

as

stablerecently

as

formerly.一、as...

as

.

句型（二）not

as

(so)…

as…句型My

uncle

is

not as

(so)

tall

as

your

father.People

are

not

so

honest

as

they

once

were一、as...

as

.

句型（三）not

so

much…

as…句型He was

not

so

much

angry

as

disappointedThe

oceans

do

not

so

much

divide

the

world as

unite

it.Badwriting is

caused

not

so

much

by

mistakes

in

grammar

asby

weakness

in

style一、as...

as

.

句型（四）not

so

much

as…句型He

didn’t

so

much

as

ask

me

to

sit

downHe

cannot

so

much

as

spell

a

word.He

hadn’t

so

much

as

his

fare

home.You

ought

to

know

better

than

to

go

swimming

on

such

acold

day.I

had a

better

command

of English

than

to

make

such

foolishmi

takes.二、+

than

to

do..句型三、more...than..句型（一）more

A

than

B

句型He is

more

good

than

badHe is

less

good

than

bad.He is

more a

writer

than

a

teacherHe is

less

clever

than

diligent.三、more...than..句型（二）more

than…句型more

than后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。I

have

known

him

for

more

than

twenty

years.I

have

more

than

ten

dollars

in

my

pocket.三、more...than..句型（二）more

than…句型more

than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。He is

more

than

a

father

to

her.He

more

than

s d,

but

laughed三、more...than..句型（二）more

than…句型more

than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。She

was

more

than

kind

to

usHe was

more

than

upset

by

the

accident.三、more...than..句型（二）more

than…句型more

than…

can

则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。That

is

more

than

I

can

understand.The

cold

was

more

than

the

children

could

bear.三、more...than..句型（三）no

more...than…句型His

grammar s

no

better

than

m

ne.He is

no

more a

writer

than

a

painterHe is

no

less

a

writer

than

a

painter.I

am

no

more a

poe

than

he

is

a

scholar.本节课授课要点状语从句的本质状语从句的分类状语从句分论状语从句连接词的特殊形式状语从句的省略披着羊皮的狼名词型从属连词Every

time I

listen

to

music

I

ll

think

of

itHe

didn't l

me

anything

the

last

time I

saw

himHe

flinched

each

t

me

she

spoke

to

him.副词型从属连词Directly

he

uttered

these

words,

there

was

a

dead

silence披着羊皮的狼分词性从属连词Supposing

(that)

it

rains,

can lay

the

match

indoors?Providing

(that)

there is

no

opposition,

we

shal

hold

themeeting

he

eGiven

that

they

re

inexperienced,

they've

done

a

good

job披着羊皮的狼that

型从属连词N

o

w

that

we have

decorated

the

house,

we can

move

in.Privatization

is

thought

to

be

beneficial

in

that

it

promotescompetition.披着羊皮的狼本节课授课要点状语从句的本质状语从句的分类状语从句分论状语从句连接词的特殊形式状语从句的省略状语从句的省略如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，从句谓语又含有动词“be”的某种形式,则可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。When(you

are)

playing

football

or

basketball,

you

might

use

400calories

per

hour.Cook

knew

that

sailors

often

suffered

fever

while

(they

were)

atsea

and

got

sick

because

ofthe